1
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Zaborowska-Mazurkiewicz M, Bizoń T, Matyszewska D, Fontaine P, Bilewicz R. Oxidation of lipid membrane cholesterol by cholesterol oxidase and its effects on raft model membrane structure. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 245:114191. [PMID: 39232481 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The effects of a peripheral protein - cholesterol oxidase (3β-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ChOx) on the characteristics of model lipid membranes composed of cholesterol, cholesterol:sphingomyelin (1:1), and the raft model composed of DOPC:Chol:SM (1:1:1) were investigated using two membrane model systems: the flat monolayer prepared by the Langmuir technique and the curved model consisting of liposome of the same lipids. The planar monolayers and liposomes were employed to follow membrane cholesterol oxidation to cholestenone catalyzed by ChOx and changes in the lipid membrane structure accompanying this reaction. Changes in the structure of liposomes in the presence of the enzyme were reflected in the changes of hydrodynamic diameter and fluorescence microscopy images, while changes of surface properties of planar membranes were evaluated by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and Brewster angle microscopy. UV-Vis absorbance measurements confirmed the activity of the enzyme in the tested systems. A better understanding of the interactions between the enzyme and the cell membrane may help in finding alternative ways to decrease excessive cholesterol levels than the common approach of treating hypercholesterolemia with statins, which are not free from undesirable side effects, repeatedly reported in the literature and observed by the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Bizoń
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw 02093, Poland
| | - Dorota Matyszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02089, Poland
| | - Philippe Fontaine
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, Saint-Aubin 91190, France
| | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02093, Poland.
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2
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Ausilio C, Lubrano C, Rana D, Matrone GM, Bruno U, Santoro F. Concealing Organic Neuromorphic Devices with Neuronal-Inspired Supported Lipid Bilayers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305860. [PMID: 38702931 PMCID: PMC11251551 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Neurohybrid systems have gained large attention for their potential as in vitro and in vivo platform to interrogate and modulate the activity of cells and tissue within nervous system. In this scenario organic neuromorphic devices have been engineered as bioelectronic platforms to resemble characteristic neuronal functions. However, aiming to a functional communication with neuronal cells, material synthesis, and surface engineering can yet be exploited for optimizing bio-recognition processes at the neuromorphic-neuronal hybrid interface. In this work, artificial neuronal-inspired lipid bilayers have been assembled on an electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) to resemble post-synaptic structural and functional features of living synapses. Here, synaptic conditioning has been achieved by introducing two neurotransmitter-mediated biochemical signals, to induce an irreversible change in the device conductance thus achieving Pavlovian associative learning. This new class of in vitro devices can be further exploited for assembling hybrid neuronal networks and potentially for in vivo integration within living neuronal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ausilio
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIBIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaNaples80125Italy
- Dipartimento di ChimicaMateriali e Produzione IndustrialeUniversità di Napoli Federico IINaples80125Italy
| | - Claudia Lubrano
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologyRWTH Aachen52072AachenGermany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing – BioelectronicsIBI‐3 Forschungszentrum Juelich52428JuelichGermany
| | - Daniela Rana
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologyRWTH Aachen52072AachenGermany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing – BioelectronicsIBI‐3 Forschungszentrum Juelich52428JuelichGermany
| | - Giovanni Maria Matrone
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIBIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaNaples80125Italy
- Present address:
Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA
| | - Ugo Bruno
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIBIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaNaples80125Italy
- Dipartimento di ChimicaMateriali e Produzione IndustrialeUniversità di Napoli Federico IINaples80125Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIBIstituto Italiano di TecnologiaNaples80125Italy
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologyRWTH Aachen52072AachenGermany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing – BioelectronicsIBI‐3 Forschungszentrum Juelich52428JuelichGermany
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3
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Wrobel EC, Guimarães IDL, Wohnrath K, Oliveira ON. Effects induced by η 6-p-cymene ruthenium(II) complexes on Langmuir monolayers mimicking cancer and healthy cell membranes do not correlate with their toxicity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184332. [PMID: 38740123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of chemotherapeutic action of Ru-based drugs involves plasma membrane disruption and valuable insights into this process may be gained using cell membrane models. The interactions of a series of cytotoxic η6-p-cymene ruthenium(II) complexes, [Ru(η6-p-cymene)P(3,5-C(CH3)3-C6H3)3Cl2] (1), [Ru(η6-p-cymene)P(3,5-CH3-C6H3)3Cl2] (2), [Ru(η6-p-cymene)P(4-CH3O-3,5-CH3-C6H2)3Cl2] (3), and [Ru(η6-p-cymene)P(4-CH3O-C6H4)3Cl2] (4), were examined using Langmuir monolayers as simplified healthy and cancerous outer leaflet plasma membrane models. The cancerous membrane (CM1 and CM2) models contained either 40 % 1,2- dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 30 % cholesterol (Chol), 20 % 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE), and 10 % 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DPPS). Meanwhile, the healthy membrane (HM1 and HM2) models were composed of 60 % DPPC or DOPC, 30 % Chol and 10 % DPPE. The complexes affected surface pressure isotherms and decreased compressional moduli of cancerous and healthy membrane models, interacting with the monolayers headgroup and tails according to data from polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). However, the effects did not correlate with the toxicity of the complexes to cancerous and healthy cells. Multidimensional projection technique showed that the complex (1) induced significant changes in the CM1 and HM1 monolayers, though it had the lowest cytotoxicity against cancer cells and is not toxic to healthy cells. Moreover, the most toxic complexes (2) and (4) were those that least affected CM2 and HM2 monolayers. The findings here support that the ruthenium complexes interact with lipids and cholesterol in cell membrane models, and their cytotoxic activities involve a multifaceted mode of action beyond membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Wrobel
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Karen Wohnrath
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
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4
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Zaborowska M, Broniatowski M, Fontaine P, Bilewicz R, Matyszewska D. Statin Action Targets Lipid Rafts of Cell Membranes: GIXD/PM-IRRAS Investigation of Langmuir Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7135-7147. [PMID: 37551973 PMCID: PMC10440791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are condensed regions of cell membranes rich in cholesterol and sphingomyelin, which constitute the target for anticholesterolemic drugs - statins. In this work, we use for the first time a combined grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD)/polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS)/Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) approach to show the statin effect on model lipid rafts and its components assembled in Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface. Two representatives of these drugs, fluvastatin (FLU) and cerivastatin (CER), of different hydrophobicity were chosen, while cholesterol (Chol) and sphingomyelin (SM), and their 1:1 mixture were selected to form condensed monolayers of lipid rafts. The effect of statins on the single components of lipid rafts indicated that both the hydrophobicity of the drugs and the organization of the layer determined the drug-lipid interaction. For cholesterol monolayers, only the most hydrophobic CER was effectively changing the film structure, while for the less organized sphingomyelin, the biggest effect was observed for FLU. This drug affected both the polar headgroup region as shown by PM-IRRAS results and the 2D crystalline structure of the SM monolayer as evidenced by GIXD. Measurements performed for Chol/SM 1:1 models proved also that the statin effect depends on the presence of Chol-SM complexes. In this case, the less hydrophobic FLU was not able to penetrate the binary layer at all, while exposure to the hydrophobic CER resulted in the phase separation and formation of ordered assemblies. The changes in the membrane properties were visualized by BAM images and GIXD patterns and confirmed by thermodynamic parameters of hysteresis in the Langmuir monolayer compression-decompression experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Broniatowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Philippe Fontaine
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Matyszewska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02089 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Felsztyna I, Perillo MA, Clop EM. Nanoarchitectonic approaches for measuring the catalytic behavior of a membrane anchored enzyme. From Langmuir-Blodgett to a novel Langmuir-Schaefer based nanofilm building device. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184177. [PMID: 37225031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-organized lipid monolayers at the air-water interface (Langmuir films, LF) are commonly used for measuring the catalytic properties of membrane-bound enzymes. This methodology allows to provide a consistent flat topography molecular density, packing defects and thickness. The aim of the present work was to show the methodological advantages of using the horizontal transfer method (Langmuir-Schaefer) with respect to the vertical transfer method (Langmuir-Blodgett) when mounting a device to measure catalytic activity of membrane enzymes. Based on the results obtained we can conclude that it is possible to prepare stable Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films from Bovine Erythrocyte Membranes (BEM) preserving the catalytic activity of its native Acetylcholinesterase (BEA). In comparison, the LS films showed Vmax values more similar to the enzyme present in the vesicles of natural membranes. In addition, it was much easier to produce large amounts of transferred areas with the horizontal transfer methodology. It was possible to decrease the time required to mount an assay with numerous activity points, such as building activity curves as a function of substrate concentration. The present results show that LSBEM provides a proof of concept for the development of biosensors based on transferred purified membrane for the screening of new products acting on an enzyme embedded on its natural milieu. In the case of BEA, the application of these enzymatic sensors could have medical interest, providing drug screening tools for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Felsztyna
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María A Perillo
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M Clop
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Química, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina; CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina.
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6
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Zaborowska M, Dobrowolski MA, Matyszewska D. Revealing the structure and mechanisms of action of a synthetic opioid with model biological membranes at the air-water interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113289. [PMID: 37028230 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic opioids such as piperazine derivative called MT-45 interact with opioid receptors in a manner similar to morphine leading to euphoria, a sense of relaxation and pain relief and are commonly used as substituents of natural opioids. In this study we show the changes in the surface properties of nasal mucosa and intestinal epithelial model cell membranes formed at the air - water interface using Langmuir technique upon the exposure to MT-45. Both membranes constitute the first barrier to absorb this substance into the human body. The presence of the piperazine derivative affects the organization of both DPPC and ternary DMPC:DMPE:DMPS monolayers treated as simple models of nasal mucosa and intestinal cell membranes, respectively. This novel psychoactive substance (NPS) leads to the fluidization of the model layers, which may indicate their increased permeability. MT-45 has a greater influence on the ternary monolayers characteristic of the intestinal epithelial cells than nasal mucosa. It might be attributed to the increased attractive interactions between the components of the ternary layer, which in turn increase the interactions with a synthetic opioid. Additionally, the crystal structures of MT-45 determined by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods allowed us to both provide useful data for facilitating the identification of synthetic opioids as well as to attribute the effect of MT-45 to the ionic interactions between protonated nitrogen atoms and negatively charged parts of the polar heads of the lipids.
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7
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Zaborowska M, Matyszewska D, Bilewicz R. Model Lipid Raft Membranes for Embedding Integral Membrane Proteins: Reconstitution of HMG-CoA Reductase and Its Inhibition by Statins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13888-13897. [PMID: 36335466 PMCID: PMC9671039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, HMG-CoA reductase, the membrane protein responsible for cholesterol synthesis, was incorporated into a lipid membrane consisting of DOPC:Chol:SM at a 1:1:1 molar ratio, which mimics the lipid rafts of cell membranes. The membrane containing the protein was generated in the form of either a proteoliposomes or a film obtained by spreading the proteoliposomes at the air-water interface to prepare a protein-rich and stable lipid layer over time. The lipid vesicle parameters were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence microscopy. The incorporation of HMG-CoA reductase was reflected in the increased size of the proteoliposomes compared to that of the empty liposomes of model rafts. Enzyme reconstitution was confirmed by measuring the activity of NADPH, which participates in the catalytic process. The thin lipid raft films formed by spreading liposomes and proteoliposomes at the air-water interface were investigated using the Langmuir technique. The activities of the HMG-CoA reductase films were preserved over time, and the two lipid raft systems, nanoparticles and films, were exposed to solutions of fluvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Both lipid raft systems constructed were useful membrane models for the determination of reductase activity and for monitoring the statin inhibitory effects and may be used for investigating other integral membrane proteins during exposure to inhibitors/activators considered to be potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Matyszewska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02089Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Bożek J, Tomala J, Wójcik S, Kamińska B, Brand I, Pocheć E, Szostak E. Effects of Piptoporus betulinus Ethanolic Extract on the Proliferation and Viability of Melanoma Cells and Models of Their Cell Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13907. [PMID: 36430391 PMCID: PMC9692381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Piptoporus betulinus is a fungus known for its medicinal properties. It possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. In this study, several tests were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the ethanolic extract of Piptoporus betulinus on two melanoma human cell lines, WM115 primary and A375 metastatic cell lines, as well as Hs27 human skin fibroblasts. The extract proved to affect cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, and at the same time showed a low cytotoxicity towards the normal cells. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined spectrophotometrically by the Folin-Ciocalteu method (F-C), and the potential antioxidant activity was measured by ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. One of the active compounds in the extract is betulin. It was isolated and then its cytotoxic activity was compared to the results obtained from the Piptoporus betulinus extract. To further understand the mechanism of action of the extract's anticancer activity, tests on model cell membranes were conducted. A model membrane of a melanoma cell was designed and consisted of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, disialoganglioside-GD1a and cholesterol: DMPC:GD1a:chol (5:2:3 mole ratio). Changes in a Langmuir monolayer were observed and described based on Π-Amol isotherm and compressibility modulus changes. LB lipid bilayers were deposited on a hydrophilic gold substrate and analyzed by IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our study provides new data on the effect of Piptoporus betulinus extract on melanoma cells and its impact on the model of melanoma plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bożek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Tomala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wójcik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Kamińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabella Brand
- Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26 111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szostak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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9
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Wei X, Liu N, Song J, Ren C, Tang X, Jiang W. Effect of silica nanoparticles on cell membrane fluidity: The role of temperature and membrane composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156552. [PMID: 35688239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production and application of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) raise public concern regarding their environmental and health risks. The fluidity of the cell membrane is essential for supporting membrane proteins and regulating membrane transport. Changes in membrane fluidity inevitably influence the physiological activities of cells and even cause biological effects. In this study, the effect of SiO2 NPs on membrane fluidity was studied at 25 °C and 37 °C, and the role of membrane components in SiO2 NP-membrane interactions was investigated using giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) isolated from RBL-2H3 cells. SiO2 NPs cause a more serious membrane fluidity decrease at 37 °C than at 25 °C, which is revealed by the shift of Laurdan fluorescence emission and further quantified via forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments. In addition, after the removal of 75 % cholesterol from the membrane, SiO2 NPs caused a greater extent of membrane gelation. These results indicate that SiO2 NPs prefer to interact with membranes that are more dynamic and less densely packed. Moreover, fluorescent experiments confirmed that the existence of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) and phosphoinositide (PI) can mitigate NP-induced membrane gelation. Molecular dynamics simulation further demonstrated that SiO2 NPs form hydrogen bonds with the terminal of PE or PI but with the -PO4-- group in the middle of phosphatidylcholine (PC). The bonding that occurs in the terminal gives less restriction of phospholipid movement and a weaker effect on membrane fluidity. This research provides both evidence and mechanisms of SiO2 NP-induced membrane fluidity changes, which are helpful for understanding cell membrane damage and the biological effects of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jian Song
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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10
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Labbé E, Buriez O. Electrode‐supported and free‐standing bilayer lipid membranes: Formation and uses in molecular electrochemistry. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR Département de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS Paris 75005 France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR Département de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS Paris 75005 France
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