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Salihovic M, Pameté E, Arnold S, Sulejmani I, Bartschmid T, Hüsing N, Fritz-Popovski G, Dun C, Urban JJ, Presser V, Elsaesser MS. Black goes green: single-step solvent exchange for sol-gel synthesis of carbon spherogels as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. ENERGY ADVANCES 2024; 3:482-494. [PMID: 38371916 PMCID: PMC10867810 DOI: 10.1039/d3ya00480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanoporous carbon materials with customized structural features enable sustainable and electrochemical applications through improved performance and efficiency. Carbon spherogels (highly porous carbon aerogel materials consisting of an assembly of hollow carbon nanosphere units with uniform diameters) are desirable candidates as they combine exceptional electrical conductivity, bespoke shell porosity, tunability of the shell thickness, and a high surface area. Herein, we introduce a novel and more environmentally friendly sol-gel synthesis of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) templated by polystyrene spheres, forming carbon spherogels in an organic solvent. By tailoring the molar ratio of resorcinol to isopropyl alcohol (R/IPA) and the concentration of polystyrene, the appropriate synthesis conditions were identified to produce carbon spherogels with adjustable wall thicknesses. A single-step solvent exchange process from deionized water to isopropyl alcohol reduces surface tension within the porous gel network, making this approach significantly time and cost-effective. The lower surface tension of IPA enables solvent extraction under ambient conditions, allowing for direct carbonization of RF gels while maintaining a specific surface area loss of less than 20% compared to supercritically dried counterparts. The specific surface areas obtained after physical activation with carbon dioxide are 2300-3600 m2 g-1. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy verify the uniform, hollow carbon sphere network morphology. Specifically, those carbon spherogels are high-performing electrodes for energy storage in a supercapacitor setup featuring a specific capacitance of up to 204 F g-1 at 200 mA g-1 using 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution as the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miralem Salihovic
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Emmanuel Pameté
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Stefanie Arnold
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Irena Sulejmani
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Theresa Bartschmid
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Nicola Hüsing
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Chaochao Dun
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Volker Presser
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Saarene - Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Michael S Elsaesser
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University of Salzburg 5020 Salzburg Austria
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Ji Z, Liu C, Xie W, Liu S, Zhang C, Liu F, Sun H, Lu Y, Pan X, Wang C, Wang Z. Interfacial engineered PANI/carbon nanotube electrode for 1.8 V ultrahigh voltage aqueous supercapacitors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:165401. [PMID: 36669198 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb4f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Flexible three-dimensional interconnected carbon nanotubes on the carbon cloth (3D-CNTs/CC) were obtained through simple magnesium reduction reactions. According to the Nernst equation, the cell voltage based on these pure carbon electrodes without any additives could reach 1.5 V due to the higher di-hydrogen evolution over potential in neutral 3.5 M LiCl electrolytes. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrodes, 3D-CNTs/CC electrodes covered with polyaniline barrier layer (3D-PANI/CNTs/CC) were prepared byin situelectropolymerization using interfacial engineering method. The assembled symmetric supercapacitors display a broadened voltage of 1.8 V, high areal capacitance of 380 mF cm-2, outstanding areal energy density of 85.5μWh cm-2and 84% of its initial capacitance after 20 000 charge-discharge cycles. This work demonstrated that the interface engineering strategy provides a promising way to improve the energy density of carbon-based aqueous supercapacitors by widening the voltage and boosting the capacitance simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhe Xie
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexue Pan
- Guangdong Jiuzhou Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd, Zhongshan 528437, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuanpei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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Yang S, Deng Y, Zhou S. Capacitive Behavior of Aqueous Electrical Double Layer Based on Dipole Dimer Water Model. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:16. [PMID: 36615925 PMCID: PMC9824578 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to investigate the possibility of using the dipole dimer as water model in describing the electrical double layer capacitor capacitance behaviors. Several points are confirmed. First, the use of the dipole dimer water model enables several experimental phenomena of aqueous electrical double layer capacitance to be achievable: suppress the differential capacitance values gravely overestimated by the hard sphere water model and continuum medium water model, respectively; reproduce the negative correlation effect between the differential capacitance and temperature, insensitivity of the differential capacitance to bulk electrolyte concentration, and camel-shaped capacitance-voltage curves; and more quantitatively describe the camel peak position of the capacitance-voltage curve and its dependence on the counter-ion size. Second, we fully illustrate that the electric dipole plays an irreplaceable role in reproducing the above experimentally confirmed capacitance behaviors and the previous hard sphere water model without considering the electric dipole is simply not competent. The novelty of the paper is that it shows the potential of the dipole dimer water model in helping reproduce experimentally verified aqueous electric double layer capacitance behaviors. One can expect to realize this potential by properly selecting parameters such as the dimer site size, neutral interaction, residual dielectric constant, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songming Yang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Zhili College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Youer Deng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Liu T, Kong H, Xiong J, Wei G, Su Z. A MOF-derived hollow Co 3O 4/NiCo 2O 4 nanohybrid: a novel anode for aqueous lithium ion batteries with high energy density and a wide electrochemical window. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16986-16993. [PMID: 36354382 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04673c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted increasing attention because of their higher safety and nontoxicity compared to traditional LIBs. However, crucial shortcomings impede their practical applications. A narrow electrochemical window restricts the capacity of aqueous LIBs so the ultrahigh concentration electrolyte lithium bistrifluoromethosulfonimide (LiTFSI) is introduced to widen the electrochemical window in this work. With the addition of LiTFSI, the electrochemical window of the created aqueous LIBs is improved to 2 V. Moreover, the material design promotes the high density of aqueous LIBs, in which hollow Co3O4 nanocrystals obtained by the metal organic framework (MOF) template are connected with NiCo2O4 nanorods to form three-dimensional nanohybrids. The formed Co3O4/NiCo2O4 (CN) materials can provide NiCo2O4 channels for electron transfer between hollow Co3O4 which can offer more lithium-ions insertion. These effects work together synergistically to achieve aqueous LIBs with a wide electrochemical window and high energy density (93.07 W h kg-1 at 0.5 C). CN-6/LiMn2O4-based aqueous LIBs with LiTFSI as the electrolyte take into account both environmental friendliness and sustainable energy storage and exhibit great potential for producing novel clean energy storage devices from the concepts of material design and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology of Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jinping Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology of Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
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Kamboj N, Dey RS. Exploring the chemistry of “Organic/Water-in-salt” electrolyte in Graphene-polypyrrole based high-voltage (2.4 V) microsupercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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