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Le PML, Vo TD, Le KM, Tran TN, Xu Y, Phan AL, Le LTM, Nguyen HV, Xiao B, Li X, Jin Y, Engelhard MH, Gao P, Wang C, Zhang JG. Synergetic Dual-Additive Electrolyte Enables Highly Stable Performance in Sodium Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402256. [PMID: 38794863 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Sodium (Na)-metal batteries (SMBs) are considered one of the most promising candidates for the large-scale energy storage market owing to their high theoretical capacity (1,166 mAh g-1) and the abundance of Na raw material. However, the limited stability of electrolytes still hindered the application of SMBs. Herein, sulfolane (Sul) and vinylene carbonate (VC) are identified as effective dual additives that can largely stabilize propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolytes, prevent dendrite growth, and extend the cycle life of SMBs. The cycling stability of the Na/NaNi0.68Mn0.22Co0.1O2 (NaNMC) cell with this dual-additive electrolyte is remarkably enhanced, with a capacity retention of 94% and a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.9% over 600 cycles at a 5 C (750 mA g-1) rate. The superior cycling performance of the cells can be attributed to the homogenous, dense, and thin hybrid solid electrolyte interphase consisting of F- and S-containing species on the surface of both the Na metal anode and the NaNMC cathode by adding dual additives. Such unique interphases can effectively facilitate Na-ion transport kinetics and avoid electrolyte depletion during repeated cycling at a very high rate of 5 C. This electrolyte design is believed to result in further improvements in the performance of SMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung M L Le
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, 749000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh D Vo
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, 749000, Vietnam
| | - Kha M Le
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Thanh-Nhan Tran
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - An L Phan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Linh T M Le
- Department of Material Science, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 18601, USA
| | - Hoang V Nguyen
- Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, 749000, Vietnam
| | - Biwei Xiao
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Mark H Engelhard
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Peiyuan Gao
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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Stottmeister D, Wildersinn L, Maibach J, Hofmann A, Jeschull F, Groß A. Unraveling Propylene Oxide Formation in Alkali Metal Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202300995. [PMID: 37820026 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing need for electrochemical energy storage drives the development of post-lithium battery systems. Among the most promising new battery types are sodium-based battery systems. However, like its lithium predecessor, sodium batteries suffer from various issues like parasitic side reactions, which lead to a loss of active sodium inventory, thus reducing the capacity over time. Some problems in sodium batteries arise from an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) reducing its protective power e. g., due to increased solubility of SEI components in sodium battery systems. While it is known that the electrolyte affects the SEI structure, the exact formation mechanism of the SEI is not yet fully understood. In this study, we follow the initial SEI formation on a piece of sodium metal submerged in propylene carbonate with and without the electrolyte salt sodium perchlorate. We combine X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and density functional theory to unravel the sudden emergence of propylene oxide after adding sodium perchlorate to the electrolyte solvent. We identify the formation of a sodium chloride layer as a crucial step in forming propylene oxide by enabling precursors formed from propylene carbonate on the sodium metal surface to undergo a ring-closing reaction. Based on our combined theoretical and experimental approach, we identify changes in the electrolyte decomposition process, propose a reaction mechanism to form propylene oxide and discuss alternatives based on known synthesis routes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie Wildersinn
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein - Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Julia Maibach
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein - Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE - 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein - Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabian Jeschull
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein - Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89069, Ulm, Germany
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Ma LA, Buckel A, Hofmann A, Nyholm L, Younesi R. Fundamental Understanding and Quantification of Capacity Losses Involving the Negative Electrode in Sodium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306771. [PMID: 38059817 PMCID: PMC10853709 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about capacity losses related to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is still limited. One major challenge in SIBs is that the solubility of SEI species in liquid electrolytes is comparatively higher than the corresponding species formed in Li-ion batteries. This study sheds new light on the associated capacity losses due to initial SEI formation, SEI dissolution and subsequent SEI reformation, charge leakage via SEI and subsequent SEI growth, and diffusion-controlled sodium trapping in electrode particles. By using a variety of electrochemical cycling protocols, synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) spectroscopy, capacity losses due to changes in the SEI layer during different open circuit pause times are investigated in nine different electrolyte solutions. It is shown that the amount of capacity lost depends on the interplay between the electrolyte chemistry and the thickness and stability of the SEI layer. The highest capacity loss is measured in NaPF6 in ethylene carboante mixed with diethylene carbonate electrolyte (i.e., 5 µAh h-1/2 pause or 2.78 mAh g·h-1/2 pause ) while the lowest value is found in NaTFSI in ethylene carbonate mixed with dimethoxyethance electrolyte (i.e., 1.3 µAh h-1/2 pause or 0.72 mAh g·h-1/2 pause ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Anh Ma
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75121Sweden
| | - Alexander Buckel
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75121Sweden
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Karlsruher Institut für TechnologieInstitut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM)Herrmann‐von‐Helmholtz Platz 176344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75121Sweden
| | - Reza Younesi
- Department of Chemistry‐Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75121Sweden
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Daboss S, Philipp T, Palanisamy K, Flowers J, Stein H, Kranz C. Characterization of the Solid/Electrolyte Interphase at Hard Carbon Anodes via Scanning (Electrochemical) Probe Microscopy. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Hofmann A, Wang Z, Bautista SP, Weil M, Müller F, Löwe R, Schneider L, Mohsin IU, Hanemann T. Dataset of propylene carbonate based liquid electrolyte mixtures for sodium-ion cells. Data Brief 2022; 40:107775. [PMID: 35028347 PMCID: PMC8741479 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we present rheology, ionic conductivity, density, chromatography, and life cycle analysis data on the PC+X electrolyte system with and without LiClO4. In particular, the data are presented in contact with Na surfaces. In this case, photographic images of electrolyte-sodium mixtures are also shown. The data was analyzed using OriginPro software to visualize it in an appropriate manner. In our view, the data serve as comparative values, form a basis of a chromatography analysis and are also valuable for modeling. The analysis of the data is presented in the manuscript "Comprehensive characterization of propylene carbonate based liquid electrolyte mixtures for sodium-ion cells" [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hofmann
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, Freiburg D-79110, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pinto Bautista
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Technikfolgenabschätzung und Systemanalyse (ITAS), Postfach 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Ulm für Elektrochemische Energiespeicherung (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Marcel Weil
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Technikfolgenabschätzung und Systemanalyse (ITAS), Postfach 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| | - Freya Müller
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Robert Löwe
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Luca Schneider
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Ijaz Ul Mohsin
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanemann
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, Freiburg D-79110, Germany
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