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Kartashova NV, Konev DV, Loktionov PA, Glazkov AT, Goncharova OA, Petrov MM, Antipov AE, Vorotyntsev MA. A Hydrogen-Bromate Flow Battery as a Rechargeable Chemical Power Source. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1228. [PMID: 36557135 PMCID: PMC9782483 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen-bromate flow battery represents one of the promising variants for hybrid power sources. Its membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) combines a hydrogen gas diffusion anode and a porous flow-through cathode where bromate reduction takes place from its acidized aqueous solution: BrO3− + 6 H+ + 6 e− = Br− + 3 H2O (*). The process of electric current generation occurs on the basis of the overall reaction: 3 H2 + BrO3− = Br− + 3 H2O (**), which has been studied in previous publications. Until this work, it has been unknown whether this device is able to function as a rechargeable power source. This means that the bromide anion, Br−, should be electrooxidized into the bromate anion, BrO3−, in the course of the charging stage inside the same cell under strongly acidic conditions, while until now this process has only been carried out in neutral or alkaline solutions with specially designed anode materials. In this study, we have demonstrated that processes (*) and (**) can be performed in a cyclic manner, i.e., as a series of charge and discharge stages with the use of MEA: H2, Freidenberg H23C8 Pt-C/GP-IEM 103/Sigracet 39AA, HBr + H2SO4; square cross-section of 4 cm2 surface area, under an alternating galvanostatic mode at a current density of 75 mA/cm2. The coulombic, voltaic and energy efficiencies of the flow battery under a cyclic regime, as well as the absorption spectra of the catholyte, were measured during its operation. The total amount of Br-containing compounds penetrating through the membrane into the anode space was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Kartashova
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Konev
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Loktionov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Artem T. Glazkov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Goncharova
- Federal Research Center of Problem of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Petrov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly E. Antipov
- EMCPS Department, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Konev DV, Goncharova OA, Tolmachev YV, Vorotyntsev MA. The Role of Chlorine Dioxide in the Electroreduction of Chlorates at Low pH. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193522110088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vorotyntsev MA, Zader PA. Simulation of Mediator-Catalysis Process inside Redox Flow Battery. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193522110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Konev DV, Istakova OI, Ruban EA, Glazkov AT, Vorotyntsev MA. Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175638. [PMID: 36080404 PMCID: PMC9457794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A power source based on the current-generating reaction of aqueous chlorate-to-chloride reduction by molecular hydrogen would provide as much as 1150 Wh per 1 L of reagent storage (for a combination of 700 atm compressed hydrogen and saturated aqueous solution of lithium chlorate) at room temperature, but direct electroreduction of chlorate only proceeds with unacceptably high overvoltages, even for the most catalytically active electrodes. In the present study, we experimentally demonstrated that this process can be performed via redox-mediator catalysis by intermediate products of chlorate reduction, owing to their participation in homogeneous com- and disproportionation reactions. A series of current–voltage and discharge characteristics were measured for hydrogen-chlorate membrane–electrode assembly (MEA) cells at various concentrations of chlorate and sulfuric acid under operando spectrophotometric monitoring of the electrolyte composition during the discharge. We established that chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is the key intermediate product; its fraction in the electrolyte solution increases progressively, up to its maximum, equal to 0.4–0.6 of the initial amount of chlorate anions, whereas the ClO2 amount decreases gradually to a zero value in the later stage. In most discharge experiments, the Faradaic yield exceeded 90% (maximal value: 99%), providing approximately 48% chemical energy storage-to-electricity conversion efficiency at maximal power of the discharge (max value: 402 mW/cm2). These results support prospect of a hydrogen-chlorate flow current generator as a highly specific energy-capacity source for airless media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Konev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
- Correspondence: (D.V.K.); (M.A.V.)
| | - Olga I. Istakova
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Ruban
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Artem T. Glazkov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Correspondence: (D.V.K.); (M.A.V.)
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