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Lephalala M, Vives SS, Bisetty K. Chaotic neural network algorithm with competitive learning integrated with partial Least Square models for the prediction of the toxicity of fragrances in sanitizers and disinfectants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173754. [PMID: 38844215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the need for accurate structural data regarding the toxicity of fragrances in sanitizers and disinfectants. We compare the predictive and descriptive (model stability) potential of multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares (PLS) models optimized through variable selection (VS). A novel hybrid chaotic neural network algorithm with competitive learning (CCLNNA)-PLS modeling strategy can offer specific optimization with satisfactory results, even for a limited dataset. While also exploring the preliminary comparative analysis, the goal is to introduce an adapted novel CCLNNA optimization strategy for VS, inspired by neural networks, along with exploring the influence of the percentage of significant descriptors in the optimization function to enhance the final model's capabilities. We analyzed an available dataset of 24 molecules, incorporating ADMET and PaDEL descriptors as predictor variables, to explore the relationship between the response/target variable (pLC50) and the meticulously optimized set of descriptors. The suitability of the selected PLS models (cross- and external-validated accuracy combined with percentage of significant descriptors at a level equal to or >80 %) underscores the importance of expanding the dataset to amplify the validation protocols, thus enhancing future model reliability and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matshidiso Lephalala
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Salvador Sagrado Vives
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia. Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Krishna Bisetty
- Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Lewis MJ, Didham RK, Evans TA, Berson JD. Experimental evidence that dung beetles benefit from reduced ivermectin in targeted treatment of livestock parasites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174050. [PMID: 38906290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Anthelmintic residues in livestock dung can adversely affect beneficial organisms. Targeted selective treatment (TST) of a reduced proportion of livestock with anthelmintics can slow resistance development in gastrointestinal nematodes by providing residue-free dung which could also benefit non-target organisms. We tested effects of TST on survival and reproduction of the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Scarabaeidae) in a factorial glasshouse experiment (Experimental treatments: five TST levels, 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 x four ivermectin concentrations, 125, 250, 375, 500 ppb). Each mesocosm comprised a 60 L bin containing sand, four dung pats and six pairs of adult beetles (F0 generation). No effects of TST level and ivermectin concentration on mortality of F0 adults after one week were observed. F0 adult brood ball production was affected by TST level, particularly at high ivermectin concentrations. Brood ball production increased as more untreated pats became available, with greater increases at higher ivermectin concentrations. We tested for evidence of a reported attraction of dung beetles to ivermectin-treated dung using a novel glitter-marker to trace the origin of dung used in brood balls. Where mesocosms contained both dung types, the proportion of brood balls created from untreated dung showed no statistical difference from the null expectation based on untreated dung availability in the mesocosm. Emergence of F1 adults was affected by the increase in TST, with this effect dependent on concentration. Treatments with concentrations of 250-500 ppb had the lowest emergence rates (ca. 5-20 % in mesocosms where all dung pats were treated) but emergence rates increased with TST level, reaching 68-88 % emergence where no dung pats were treated with ivermectin. Ivermectin-induced mortality occurred predominantly at egg and first instar stages. TST can provide refuges for dung beetles offering a strategy for livestock producers to maintain livestock welfare whilst benefiting from ecosystem services provided by important insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia.
| | - Raphael K Didham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia
| | - Theodore A Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob D Berson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia
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Pereira AC, Cunha MV. Flow Cytometry Coupled with Resuscitation Assays As a High-Resolution Tool to Inform Environmental Management and Disinfection of Settings Affected by Tuberculous Mycobacteria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1068. [PMID: 38930449 PMCID: PMC11205987 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental decontamination and water disinfection practices are hallmarks of disease prevention and control in agricultural and public health settings. Informed fit-to-purpose biocontainment is thus dependent on methodologies accurately assessing microbial burden and viability. Also, rigorous evaluation of the efficacy of biocontrol measures implies monitoring microbial inactivation after decontamination/disinfection procedures. In this study, we used flow cytometry coupled with a resuscitation protocol to monitor the metabolic inactivation of bacteria capable of entering non-cultivable states, after the application of a chlorine-based water disinfectant. For this purpose, we used Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a model of slow-growing bacteria able to enter dormancy and representing a multi-host pathogen in a zoonotic disease system-animal tuberculosis-thriving both across temperate and semi-arid regions and involving environmental contamination. The biocide activity of a commercial sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) disinfectant against M. bovis BCG was evaluated through mock environmental matrix tests. Using the manufacturer-recommended dosage of NaDCC, BCG cells were apparently inactivated after 24 h upon exposure. However, we show via flow cytometry that, upon exposure to optimal growth conditions, mycobacterial cells were able to regain metabolic activity shortly after, highlighting a sublethal effect of NaDCC at the recommended commercial dosage due to reversible BCG cell damage. In contrast, increasing twice the disinfectant dosage completely inactivated BCG cells after 24 h of exposure, with full irreversible loss of metabolic activity. Methodological workflows based on conventional culture or PCR would have missed the detection of these dormant subpopulations that were in fact able to resume growth when following the recommendations of a commercial disinfectant. This study highlights the superior, high-resolution value of single-cell approaches, such as flow cytometry, to accurately assess the activity of biocides against metabolically heterogeneous and dormant pathogenic bacteria with environmental cycles, supporting data-driven prioritization of environmental management and disinfection options in contaminated vulnerable settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Pereira
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica V. Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Afonso S, Ferreira V, Moreira-Santos M. Comparing the sensitivity of aquatic organisms relative to Daphnia sp. toward essential oils and crude extracts: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168467. [PMID: 37951254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Interest on aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP)-based products, especially crude extracts (CE) and essential oils (EO), has increased over recent years due to their bioactive and biopesticide properties, though a variety of these compounds is environmentally damaging. Aquatic organisms can easily be exposed to the toxicological risks of AMP-based products, but research exploring existing ecotoxicity data to non-target organisms is limited. The present study aimed to, for the first time, systematically review published evidence on the acute/short-term toxicity (LC50, EC50 or IC50) of CE and EO from AMP, comparing sensitivity of aquatic organisms. Eleven studies that reported the sensitivity of aquatic taxa and Daphnia sp. to CE and/or EO, were included in the review, contributing with 27 effect sizes, calculated as the response ratio R (EcotoxicityAquatTaxa/EcotoxicityDaphnia). Meta-analytic technics were used to estimate the overall sensitivity of aquatic taxa relative to Daphnia sp. while identifying moderators [plant preparation (CE or EO), extraction type, plant part, plant family, and aquatic taxa identity] potentially affecting relative sensitivities. The overall effect size R was 1.51 (95 % CI = 0.97 to 2.34, N = 27), indicating a non-significant difference in the toxicity of CE and EO to aquatic taxa relative to Daphnia sp. However, the high heterogeneity among individual effect sizes (I2 = 99 %) suggested opposing responses of aquatic taxa relative to Daphnia sp. The magnitude of effects (R) was strongly influenced only by plant family. Daphnia sp. arose as a potential model organism for assessing the ecotoxicity of CE and EO, along with the fish Danio rerio and the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus, while Artemia sp. seems a relevant alternative for a preliminary screening. Likewise, the current study sheds light on the (underestimated) toxicity of CE and EO to aquatic ecosystems and that much remains to be uncovered, providing insights and recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Afonso
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Science for People and the Planet, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Verónica Ferreira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Matilde Moreira-Santos
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Science for People and the Planet, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Oliveira D'Alessandro NCD, Rezende RM, Manso JAX, da Costa DC, Saboia-Morais SMTD, de Melo E Silva D, D Alessandro EB, Nunes HF, Antoniosi Filho NR. Chemical, ecotoxicological, cytotoxic, and mutagenic evaluation of gelling agents used in the production of 70% alcohol gel. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104322. [PMID: 37993075 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
With COVID-19, there has been an increase in the use of gelling agents for hand sanitizer production, and as a result, the release of this product into wastewater could induce impacts and adverse reactions in living organisms. Thus, ecotoxicological and cytotoxicological assessments of gelling agents with test organisms from different trophic levels are necessary to assess their environmental safety. For this, seven cellulose-based gelling agents and a polyacrylic acid derivative (C940) were selected for tests with Artemia salina. The most toxic agent was tested on Allium cepa to assess cytotoxicity. The volatile compounds of the gelling agents were analyzed. Cellulose-based gelling agents were not considered toxic according to their LC50, but C940 presented moderate toxicity to A. salina and cytotoxicity to Allium cepa, but without mutagenicity. In addition, C940 contained cyclohexane as a volatile compound. Thus, cellulose-based gelling agents are better environmental options than carbomer for 70% alcohol gel sanitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Marques Rezende
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - João Antonio Xavier Manso
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Dayane Cristina da Costa
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Emmanuel Bezerra D Alessandro
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Hugo Freire Nunes
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Boone SA, Ijaz MK, Bright KR, Silva-Beltran NP, Nims RW, McKinney J, Gerba CP. Antiviral Natural Products, Their Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications as Sanitizers and Disinfectants. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:265-280. [PMID: 37906416 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts, natural products and plant oils contain natural virucidal actives that can be used to replace active ingredients in commercial sanitizers and disinfectants. This review focuses on the virucidal mechanisms of natural substances that may exhibit potential for indoor air and fomite disinfection. Review of scientific studies indicates: (1) most natural product studies use crude extracts and do not isolate or identify exact active antiviral substances; (2) many natural product studies contain unclear explanations of virucidal mechanisms of action; (3) natural product evaluations of virucidal activity should include methods that validate efficacy under standardized disinfectant testing procedures (e.g., carrier tests on applicable surfaces or activity against aerosolized viruses, etc.). The development of natural product disinfectants requires a better understanding of the mechanisms of action (MOA), chemical profiles, compound specificities, activity spectra, and the chemical formulations required for maximum activity. Combinations of natural antiviral substances and possibly the addition of synthetic compounds might be needed to increase inactivation of a broader spectrum of viruses, thereby providing the required efficacy for surface and air disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Boone
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - M Khalid Ijaz
- Global Research & Development for Lysol and Dettol, Reckitt Benckiser LLC, Montvale, NJ, USA
| | - Kelly R Bright
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Julie McKinney
- Global Research & Development for Lysol and Dettol, Reckitt Benckiser LLC, Montvale, NJ, USA
| | - Charles P Gerba
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Mishra T, Kidie E, Vuppu S. Microalgae-Based Disinfectant Formulation for Aseptic Processing of Ethiopian Ingredient-Sourced Functional Bread and Its Molecular Docking Analysis to Reduce Hypernatremia. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00970-1. [PMID: 37991627 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of food-borne infections has become a major concern. Food-borne pathogens like Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica, and Clostridium botulinum cause food poisoning and even mortality, necessitating the maintenance of aseptic conditions during food processing. The sterilization of food processing facilities often requires chemical and heat treatment. The formulation of many chemical-based disinfectants includes chemicals generating toxic and carcinogenic by-products. The microalgae like Chlorella spp. reportedly exhibit antimicrobial activity and therefore, can be used for formulating safer and eco-friendly natural sanitizers. This study aims to aseptically prepare functional bread using Ethiopian ingredients, highlighting the application of microalgae-based disinfectant formulation and various disinfection techniques. The functional bread was designed to be potentially effective in reducing hypernatremia condition which is indicative of high levels of sodium in serum that can cause an array of symptoms including deaths in serious cases. The physico-chemical and sensory properties of the designed functional bread were analyzed. The interaction of phytochemicals in the ingredients with the target receptor (Vasopressin V2 receptor) and their drug-likeness were determined using molecular docking and Lipinski's rule of five analyses. The results suggest that the designed functional bread incorporating Ethiopian ingredients may serve as an effective dietary strategy to prevent hypernatremia. Aseptic processing of the bread ensures longer shelf life and prevention of spoilage by food pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshika Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Emebet Kidie
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Park C, Woo H, Park MJ. Development of Pinaceae and Cupressaceae Essential Oils from Forest Waste in South Korea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3409. [PMID: 37836148 PMCID: PMC10574680 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing awareness of environmental issues has garnered increasing interest in the use of waste material in a wide variety of applications. From this viewpoint, developing essential oils from forest waste can bring new cost opportunities for the effective and sustainable management of unused forestry biomass. However, better knowledge of the production, chemical constituents, and application of essential oils is necessary. Among the species considered to be of interest from the point of view of their essential oils and forest biomass, Pinaceae and Cupressaceae were selected in this study as potential candidates for commercial essential oils based on previous studies. This current study focuses on investigating Pinaceae (Larix kaempferi, Pinus densiflora, and Pinus koraiensis) and Cupressaceae (Chamaecyparis obtusa and Chamaecyparis pisifera) essential oils extracted from various parts from the perspective of their bioactive compounds and potential applications. This is followed by an overview of the essential oils industry in South Korea, with particular attention being paid to utilising unused forest biomass. Therefore, this is a comprehensive review suggesting that Pinaceae and Cupressaceae essential oils extracted from various parts of forest waste could be utilised in various industries, adding value to the aspect of sustainable industry. Furthermore, our study contributes towards capturing the value of forest resources through the utilisation of native essential oils in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjoo Park
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heesung Woo
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Jin Park
- Forest Industrial Materials Division, Forest Products and Industry Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea;
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