1
|
Lever D, Dany A, Tirmont M, Beaugrard E, Levenez I, Lechifflart P, Descarpentries G, Guillery X, Le Goff D, Guillou-Landreat M. [Gambling and Internet habits in a French population with addictive disorders seeking treatment: a multicentric study]. Encephale 2021; 47:540-546. [PMID: 34857367 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transversal grouping of addictions under the heading "Substance related and addictive disorders" in the DSM-5 has led to a common policy on addictions and the promotion of addiction services covering all types of addictions, including behavioral addictions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The main objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of problem gambling in a population of patients seeking treatment in addictive disorders center. Secondary objectives were: to describe the use of Internet and the prevalence of gaming disorder, sexual addiction and compulsive buying online ; to describe a population of patients consulting in addictive disorders center; to explore associated factors related to problem gambling. A self-questionnaire was built, evaluating the socio-demographic elements, the addiction pathway, problem gambling and Internet use with a focus on video game disorder, sexual addiction and compulsive buying. It was offered to consultants from five addictology centers in Brittany. RESULTS 252 patients seeking treatment for addictive disorders were included. Problem gambling was present in 9.9 % of patients. Problem gamblers were more likely to have been asked about their gambling by the addictology team than other patients. The rate of identification of gambling habits, whether in addiction or outside, was generally low. Internet use was 83 %. The prevalence of other online behavioral addictions was low. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The prevalence of problem gambling is almost 4 times higher among addictology consultants, compared to the general population, probably related to addictive comorbidities. The identification of gambling habits concerned a small proportion of the patients included, whether in specialized care or outside. There is significant room for improvement in the identification of problem gambling, in addictology and beyond. It is important to question gambling habits for any reason for addiction consultation and to repeat this identification over time. As the Internet is widely used by addictology consultants, it can represent a key element in care, both in the identification of behavioral addictions and in follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lever
- Service d'addictologie, CHRU Brest, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France.
| | - A Dany
- EA 7479 SPURBO, Faculté de médecine de Brest, 22, rue Camille Desmoulins, 29238 Brest, France
| | - M Tirmont
- CSAPA Douar Nevez, Lorient, 39, rue de la Villeneuve, 56100 Lorient, France
| | - E Beaugrard
- Marmottan, Hôpital Perray-Vaucluse, 17, rue d'Armaillé, 75017 Paris, France
| | - I Levenez
- ANPAA, St Brieuc, 76, rue de Quintin, 22000 Saint-Brieuc, France
| | - P Lechifflart
- Service d'Addictologie, CH Morlaix, 15, rue de Kersaint Gilly, 29600 Morlaix, France
| | - G Descarpentries
- Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, rue du Moulin de Joué, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - X Guillery
- CHRU de Brest, ADI, Hôpital Morvan, Bâtiment 2 bis, avenue Foch, Brest 29200, France
| | - D Le Goff
- EA 7479 SPURBO, Faculté de médecine de Brest, 22, rue Camille Desmoulins, 29238 Brest, France
| | - M Guillou-Landreat
- Service d'addictologie, CHRU Brest, 2, avenue Foch, 29200 Brest, France; EA 7479 SPURBO, Faculté de médecine de Brest, 22, rue Camille Desmoulins, 29238 Brest, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guillou Landreat M, Chereau Boudet I, Perrot B, Romo L, Codina I, Magalon D, Fatseas M, Luquiens A, Brousse G, Challet-Bouju G, Grall-Bronnec M. Problem and non-problem gamblers: a cross-sectional clustering study by gambling characteristics. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e030424. [PMID: 32075821 PMCID: PMC7044887 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gambling characteristics are factors that could influence problem gambling development. The aim of this study was to identify a typology of gamblers to frame risky behaviour based on gambling characteristics (age of initiation/of problem gambling, type of gambling: pure chance/chance with pseudoskills/chance with elements of skill, gambling online/offline, amount wagered monthly) and to investigate clinical factors associated with these different profiles in a large representative sample of gamblers. DESIGN AND SETTING The study is a cross-sectional analysis to the baseline data of the french JEU cohort study (study protocol : Challet-Bouju et al, 2014). Recruitment (April 2009 to September 2011) involved clinicians and researchers from seven institutions that offer care for or conduct research on problem gamblers (PG). Participants were recruited in gambling places, and in care centres. Only participants who reported gambling in the previous year between 18 and 65 years old were included.Participants gave their written informed consent, it was approved by the French Research Ethics Committee. PARTICIPANTS The participants were 628 gamblers : 256 non-problem gamblers (NPG), 169 problem gamblers without treatment (PGWT) and 203 problem gamblers seeking treatment (PGST). RESULTS Six clustering models were tested, the one with three clusters displayed a lower classification error rate (7.92%) and was better suited to clinical interpretation : 'Early Onset and Short Course' (47.5%), 'Early Onset and Long Course' (35%) and 'Late Onset and Short Course' (17.5%). Gambling characteristics differed significantly between the three clusters. CONCLUSIONS We defined clusters through the analysis of gambling variables, easy to identify, by psychiatrists or by physicians in primary care. Simple screening concerning these gambling characteristics could be constructed to prevent and to help PG identification. It is important to consider gambling characteristics : policy measures targeting gambling characteristics may reduce the risk of PG or minimise harm from gambling. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01207674 (ClinicalTrials.gov); Results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Guillou Landreat
- EA 7479 SPURBO, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
- Addictive Disorders Department, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
- UMR 1246 SPHERE, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Lucia Romo
- EA 4430 CLIPSYD 'clinique psychiatrique developpement', Universite Paris-Nanterre, Nanterre, France
- Addictive Disorders, Hospital Louis-Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Irene Codina
- Addictive disorders Unit Marmottan, GPS Perray-Vaucluse, Épinay-sur-Orge, France
| | - David Magalon
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Hopital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
| | - Melina Fatseas
- Psychiatric Laboratory SANPSY USR 3413, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
- Addictive Disorders, Hospital Centre Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Luquiens
- Psychiatry and Addictology Department, Hôpital Paul Brousse, APHP Villejuif, Villejuif cedex, France
- CESP, Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Psychiatry and Addictology, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, UK
| | | | - Marie Grall-Bronnec
- Addictology and Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Izzo VA, Donati MA, Torre E, Ramat S, Primi C. Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease versus in healthy controls: A different predictive model. J Neuropsychol 2019; 14:318-332. [PMID: 31423741 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Impulse control disorders (ICDs), including compulsive gambling, buying, sexual behaviour and eating, are not only a severe disorder that can affect the general, non-clinical population, but also a serious, increasingly recognized psychiatric complication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous research detected some risk factors for their occurrence in PD patients and in the general population, including impulsivity. However, impulsivity is a multidimensional construct that comprises several aspects, including reflection impulsivity and delay discounting. The present work assessed different facets of impulsivity in both PD patients and in the healthy controls (HCs) to examine whether they scored differently, and if the occurrence of ICDs in PD patients and in the HCs was predicted by different aspects of impulsivity. The results showed that ICDs in PD patients were predicted by a strong preference for immediate rewards, whereas ICDs in the HCs were predicted by a deficient reflective ability. The present findings may help clinicians in the early identification of PD patients who could develop ICDs by simply assessing their impulsivity in terms of delay discounting. Furthermore, this work contributed to identify another risk factor for ICDs in the non-clinical population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Angela Izzo
- NEUROFARBA Department - Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Donati
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Torre
- Azienda Usl 4 di Prato - U. O. Neurologia, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Primi
- NEUROFARBA Department - Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rémond JJ, Romo L. Analysis of Gambling in the Media Related to Screens: Immersion as a Predictor of Excessive Use? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E58. [PMID: 29301311 PMCID: PMC5800157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the intricacies between the player interface proposed by the screens, (in particular on smartphone applications or in video games) and gambling. Recent research indicates connections between "immersion" and excessive screen practice. We want to understand the causal-effects between online gambling and the "immersion" variable and understand their relationship and its contingencies. This article empirically investigates whether and how it is possible to observe immersion with its sub-dimensions in gambling on different screens. The objective of this study was to analyze: (1) the costs and benefits associated with gambling practice on screens (2) the link between gambling practice and screen practice (video game, Internet, mobile screen); (3) to observe the propensity to immersion for individuals practicing gambling on screens; and (4) to examine the comorbidities and cognitive factors associated with the practice of gambling on screen. A total of 432 adults (212 men, 220 women), recruited from Ile-de-France (France), responded to a battery of questionnaires. Our study suggests that immersion variables make it possible to understand the cognitive participation of individuals towards screens in general, the practice of gambling on screens and the excessive practice of screens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Rémond
- Psychology Department, Laboratory EA CLIPSYD 4430, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France.
| | - Lucia Romo
- Psychology Department, Laboratory EA CLIPSYD 4430, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Costes JM, Kairouz S, Pousset M. Jeu problématique en France : une première enquête nationale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7202/1026875ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Avant l’enquête nationale sur les jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) de 2010, la France ne disposait pas de mesure de la prévalence du jeu et du jeu problématique dans la population. Objectif : Cette étude présente un premier portrait des JHA en France, décrivant le profil sociodémographique des joueurs courants, les pratiques de jeu des joueurs dits assidus, c’est-à-dire de joueurs qui jouent fréquemment et qui dépensent beaucoup, ainsi que les associations entre les problèmes de jeu et l’usage de substances psychoactives. Méthodologie : Un module sur les pratiques de JHA fut introduit dans l’enquête nationale Baromètre santé. Lors d’une entrevue téléphonique, les participants répondaient à des questions au sujet de la fréquence à laquelle ils jouent et au sujet de la quantité d’argent qu’ils dépensent au jeu. On a mesuré la gravité des problèmes de jeu en utilisant l’indice canadien de jeu excessif (ICJE) et des mesures sur la consommation de substances psychoactives. Participants : L’enquête générale a été menée en 2010 auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 25 034 répondants âgés de 18 à 75 ans. Résultats : Les résultats révèlent que près de 12 % de la population générale est constituée de joueurs assidus qui ont joué 52 fois ou plus ou qui ont misé 500 euros ou plus au cours des 12 derniers mois. La proportion de joueurs excessifs parmi les joueurs assidus est estimée à 3,7 % et celle des joueurs à risque modéré à 7,1 %. Ces joueurs problématiques sont plus souvent des hommes issus de milieux socioéconomiques modestes. L’enquête met en évidence une relation significative entre les pratiques de jeu les plus à risque et la consommation problématique d’alcool, de tabac ou de cannabis. Conclusion : L’inclusion d’un ensemble élargi de conduites de jeux de hasard et d’argent à d’autres pratiques de santé assurera une meilleure compréhension des facteurs de risques et de vulnérabilité au jeu problématique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia Kairouz
- Professeure agrégée, Département de sociologie et d’anthropologie, Université Concordia
| | - Maud Pousset
- Directrice, Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Simon O, Blaser J, Müller S, Waelchli M. Réduction des risques et jeux d’argent. Questions ouvertes par la révision du dispositif suisse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7202/1026878ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Initialement associé à l’approche de santé publique des drogues illégales, le concept de réduction des risques et dommages (RDR) a été défini par des programmes et des pratiques visant à réduire les conséquences négatives des conduites addictives sur les plans sanitaire, social et économique, et ce, sur la base d’indicateurs scientifiquement pertinents. En matière de jeu excessif, l’approche de santé publique demeure le parent pauvre et le concept de RDR n’a été implanté que de manière marginale, subordonnée à des politiques soucieuses de maximiser les recettes de l’État. En Suisse, la révision de la législation sur les jeux d’argent réactualise la question de la RDR appliquée au jeu excessif. En érigeant la protection des joueurs au rang d’objectif premier du dispositif projeté, le gouvernement suisse a contraint ses réseaux de prévention à revenir sur les fondements de la RDR, à considérer l’efficience des différentes mesures de prévention du jeu excessif et à faire un bilan critique du dispositif de régulation préexistant. Si l’addiction aux jeux d’argent est aujourd’hui reconnue comme une maladie, il y a lieu d’interroger la responsabilité de l’État sous l’angle du droit à la santé. Cependant, il existe un conflit structurel entre la perception de la santé publique et la perception des opérateurs de jeu, qui ont des impératifs économiques de rentabilité. Pour la santé publique, la liberté économique des opérateurs est, par définition, restreinte par l’intervention de l’État, car les opérateurs remplissent la fonction d’auxiliaires chargés d’offrir un jeu à moindre risque par des monopoles d’État ou des régimes d’octroi de licences. Pour les opérateurs, il s’agit d’abord de préserver la liberté économique. Un débat sur les nouveaux cadres de régulation et une redéfinition des objectifs des politiques publiques concernant les jeux d’argent apparaissent inévitables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Simon
- Médecin – chargé de cours à l’Université de Lausanne, Centre du jeu excessif, Service de psychiatrie communautaire, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois
| | - Jérémie Blaser
- Médecin, Centre du jeu excessif, Service de psychiatrie communautaire, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois
| | - Stéphanie Müller
- Psychologue, Centre du jeu excessif, Service de psychiatrie communautaire, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois
| | - Maude Waelchli
- Psychologue, Centre du jeu excessif, Service de psychiatrie communautaire, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois
- Consultante en éthique, Hôpital Riviera-Chablais
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Challet-Bouju G, Hardouin JB, Renard N, Legauffre C, Valleur M, Magalon D, Fatséas M, Chéreau-Boudet I, Gorsane MA, Vénisse JL, Grall-Bronnec M. A Gamblers Clustering Based on Their Favorite Gambling Activity. J Gambl Stud 2014; 31:1767-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-014-9496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|