[The 5 mental dimensions identified in early maladaptive schemas statistical analysis of Young's schema questionnaire (YSQ-s3)]

The YSQ-R: Predictive Validity and Comparison to the Short and Long Form Young Schema Questionnaire

The capacity of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) to predict psychopathology in specific clinical groups has consistently produced mixed findings. This study assessed three versions of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), including the long form (YSQ-L3), short form (YSQ-S3), and the recent Rasch-derived version, the YSQ-R, and their subscales, in predicting psychological distress in three different psychiatric groups and a non-clinical group. Test equating techniques were first applied to derive a common metric to ensure that each YSQ version was directly comparable. In the second stage, multiple regression analyses were employed to assess the predictive validity of each YSQ version and their subscales. The YSQ-R and YQ-L3 and their respective subscales were similar in their predictive power across all groups and conditions. The YSQ-S3 could not predict pre-treatment Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) and global symptom severity in the PTSD group, nor could it predict pre-treatment EMS and changes in global symptom severity in the Alcohol and Substance Use group. This was the first study to assess the predictive validity of three different versions of the YSQ. Our findings suggest that YSQ-R has the breadth of the YSQ-L3 and the shortness of the YSQ-S3, making it an ideal tool for assessing EMS across research and clinical settings.

The participation of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) in the perception of pain in patients with migraine: A psychological profile

Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (YSQ-S3) is used to understand psychological aspects.

Objective

EMSs were evaluated in patients with migraine.

Methods

Sixty-five subjects were evaluated using the YSQ-S3 under standard conditions in a room with air conditioning at 22 ± 2°C. The subjects were stratified by morbidity (migraine), gender (male/female) and age (18-29 / 30-39 / 40-55). Controls (without migraine), n = 27 and patients (with migraine), n = 38, men (n = 19) and women (n = 46); participants aged 18-29 years, n = 34, aged 30-39 years, n = 14 and aged 40-55 years, n = 17. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, with p-values <0.05. Results were expressed as percentages in contingency tables.

Results

There was a significant association between migraine and female gender (84.21%; p-value <0.05, Table 1), between hypervigilance and inhibition, and unrelenting standards (56.52%; p-value <0.0.014, Table 2) and female gender with migraine. Moreover, there was a significant association between hypervigilance and inhibition, and unrelenting standards (73.68%; p-value <0.0001) and self-punishment (84.21%; p-value <0.0001) in patients with migraine of both genders (Table 3).

Conclusion

The individuals with migraine had a psychological profile of being overly demanding with themselves and others and self-punishing, where this was more frequent in women.