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Tan YY, Abdul Raman AA, Zainal Abidin MII, Buthiyappan A. A review on sustainable management of biomass: physicochemical modification and its application for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants-challenges, opportunities, and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36492-36531. [PMID: 38748350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Adsorption is one of the most efficient methods for remediating industrial recalcitrant wastewater due to its simple design and low investment cost. However, the conventional adsorbents used in adsorption have several limitations, including high cost, low removal rates, secondary waste generation, and low regeneration ability. Hence, the focus of the research has shifted to developing alternative low-cost green adsorbents from renewable resources such as biomass. In this regard, the recent progress in the modification of biomass-derived adsorbents, which are rich in cellulosic content, through a variety of techniques, including chemical, physical, and thermal processes, has been critically reviewed in this paper. In addition, the practical applications of raw and modified biomass-based adsorbents for the treatment of industrial wastewater are discussed extensively. In a nutshell, the adsorption mechanism, particularly for real wastewater, and the effects of various modifications on biomass-based adsorbents have yet to be thoroughly studied, despite the extensive research efforts devoted to their innovation. Therefore, this review provides insight into future research needed in wastewater treatment utilizing biomass-based adsorbents, as well as the possibility of commercializing biomass-based adsorbents into viable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ying Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Abdul Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Izzudin Izzat Zainal Abidin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Archina Buthiyappan
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ngamsurach P, Nemkhuntod S, Chanaphan P, Praipipat P. Modified Beaded Materials from Recycled Wastes of Bagasse and Bagasse Fly Ash with Iron(III) Oxide-Hydroxide and Zinc Oxide for the Removal of Reactive Blue 4 Dye in Aqueous Solution. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34839-34857. [PMID: 36211078 PMCID: PMC9535711 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dye contamination in wastewater affects the photosynthesis of aquatic plants and algae by blocking the sunlight, and it induces toxicity to aquatic organisms, which might result in human health effects. Thus, the treatment of dyes in wastewater is required before discharging into the receiving water for safety purposes. Six dye adsorbent materials bagasse beads (BB), bagasse fly ash beads (BFB), bagasse beads with mixed iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (BBF), bagasse fly ash beads with mixed iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (BFBF), bagasse beads with mixed zinc oxide (BBZ), and bagasse fly ash beads with mixed zinc oxide (BFBZ) were synthesized and investigated using various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy with focused ion beam (FESEM-FIB), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A series of batch experiments on the effects of dosage (0.5-3 g), contact time (3-18 h), temperature (30-80°C), pH (3-11), and initial concentration (30-90 mg/L) were used to investigate reactive blue 4 (RB4) dye removal efficiencies in aqueous solution, and their adsorption isotherms and kinetics were studied for explaining their adsorption patterns and mechanisms. All dye adsorbent materials demonstrated semicrystalline structures, and their surface morphologies had a spherical shape with coarse surfaces. Five main elements of oxygen, carbon, calcium, chlorine, and sodium and six main functional groups of alcohol and carboxylic acid (O-H), carbon dioxide (O=C=O), aromatic groups (C=O and N=O), alkene (C-H), and sodium alginate (C-O-C) were detected in all dye adsorbent materials. For batch tests, they could remove RB4 dye by more than 90%, and BFBF exhibited the highest RB4 dye removal efficiency at 99.36%. Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models well explained their adsorption patterns and mechanisms, in which BFBF demonstrated a higher maximum adsorption capacity (q m) of 10.277 mg/g than that of other dye adsorbent materials. Therefore, all dye adsorbent materials offer good potential for further industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimploy Ngamsurach
- Department
of Environmental Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Environmental
Applications of Recycled and Natural Materials (EARN) Laboratory, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sutita Nemkhuntod
- Department
of Environmental Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pakdiporn Chanaphan
- Department
of Environmental Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pornsawai Praipipat
- Department
of Environmental Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Environmental
Applications of Recycled and Natural Materials (EARN) Laboratory, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Nizam NUM, Hanafiah MM, Mahmoudi E, Halim AA, Mohammad AW. The removal of anionic and cationic dyes from an aqueous solution using biomass-based activated carbon. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8623. [PMID: 33883637 PMCID: PMC8060261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two biomass-based adsorbents were used as new precursors for optimizing synthesis conditions of a cost-effective powdered activated carbon (PAC). The PAC removed dyes from an aqueous solution using carbonization and activation by KOH, NaOH, and H2SO4. The optimum synthesis, activation temperature, time and impregnation ratio, removal rate, and uptake capacity were determined. The optimum PAC was analyzed and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Zeta potential, and Raman spectroscopy. Morphological studies showed single-layered planes with highly porous surfaces, especially PAC activated by NaOH and H2SO4. The results showed that the experimental data were well-fitted with a pseudo-second-order model. Based on Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity for removing methylene blue (MB) was 769.23 mg g−1 and 458.43 mg g−1 for congo red (CR). Based on the isotherm models, more than one mechanism was involved in the adsorption process, monolayer for the anionic dye and multilayer for the cationic dye. Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models showed that rubber seed shells (RSS) has higher α values with a greater tendency to adsorb dyes compared to rubber seed (RS). A thermodynamic study showed that both dyes’ adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic due to the negative values of the enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG). The change in removal efficiency of adsorbent for regeneration study was observed in the seventh cycles, with a 3% decline in the CR and 2% decline in MB removal performance. This study showed that the presence of functional groups and active sites on the produced adsorbent (hydroxyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, and π − π) contributed to its considerable affinity for adsorption in dye removal. Therefore, the optimum PAC can serve as efficient and cost-effective adsorbents to remove dyes from industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Umairah M Nizam
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azhar A Halim
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kaur G, Singh N, Rajor A. Efficient Adsorption of Doxycycline Hydrochloride Using Deep Eutectic Solvent Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Pumpkin Seed Shell. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurleenjot Kaur
- School of Energy and Environment Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
| | - Anita Rajor
- School of Energy and Environment Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India
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Liu H, Su Y, Liu C, Zhou A, Chu X, Liu S, Xing X, Tang E. Practical and Sustainable Modification Method on Activated Carbon to Improve the Decolorization Process in the Acetaminophen Pharmaceutical Industry. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5451-5462. [PMID: 33681585 PMCID: PMC7931432 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Decolorization plays an important part in the industrial production of acetaminophen (APAP) drugs. The impurities generated from the APAP pharmaceutical industry decolorization refining process were primarily separated and purified, and their structures were determined by MS and 1H NMR technology. Then the catalytic effects of three samples of modified powdered activated carbon (PAC) on APAP in heterogeneous solution systems and the adsorption catalysis system were systematically investigated, which indicated that PAC catalyzed the APAP oxidative coupling side reaction and thus increased the impurities in the APAP product. The M-T-RAC (thermal regeneration PAC modified by ammonium sulfate) possessing more acidic surface groups can effectively inhibit this side reaction. Furthermore, according to the different catalytic results of O-T-RAC (thermal regeneration PAC modified by hydrogen peroxide) in solid-liquid catalytic and adsorption catalytic systems, we speculated that the multimer impurities were generated by the oxidative coupling reaction of APAP being oxidized to rated N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone (NAPQI) during decolorization, while free radical polymerization of APAP mainly occurred in the pores of the spent PAC. The pore textural structure and chemical properties of M-T-RAC were further characterized to ensure its feasibility of industrial application. The process of simulating industrial decolorization substantiated the excellent ability of M-T-RAC to inhibit side reactions. This study contributes to the development of green materials for sustainable recycling of activated carbon to reduce pollution and costs, and provides an effective advice for the pharmaceutical process.
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Datta D, Gehlot G, Singh G, Bhardwaj A, Kumar D. Removal of malachite green, a cationic textile dye using Amberlite polymeric resins. Chem Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2020.1748121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipaloy Datta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gehlot
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur, India
| | - Abhishek Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur, India
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Isosaari P, Srivastava V, Sillanpää M. Ionic liquid-based water treatment technologies for organic pollutants: Current status and future prospects of ionic liquid mediated technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:604-619. [PMID: 31301501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity motivated the scientific researcher to develop efficient technologies for the wastewater treatment for its reuse. Ionic liquids have been applied to many industrial and analytical separation processes, but their applications in the wastewater treatment, especially in the removal of organic pollutants, are still not well explored. Potential applications of ionic liquids include solvent extraction, solvent membrane technologies and ionic liquid-modified materials that are mainly used as adsorbents. Aforementioned technologies have been examined for the abatement of phenol, chloro- and nitrophenols, toluene, bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals etc. Present review enlightens the application of different ionic liquids in wastewater treatment and suggests the versatility of ionic liquids in the development of rapid, effective and selective removal processes for the variety of organic pollutants. Implementation of ionic liquid based technologies for wastewater treatment have lots of challenges including the selection of non-hazardous ionic liquids, technological applications, high testing requirements for individual uses and scaling-up of the entire pollutant removal, disposal, and ionic liquid regeneration process. Toxicity assessment of water soluble ionic liquids (ILs) is the major issue due to the widespread application of ILs and hence more exposure of environment by ILs. The development of effective technologies for the recovery/treatment of wastewater contaminated with ILs is necessary from the environmental point of view. Furthermore, the cost factor is the major challenge associated with ionic liquid-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Isosaari
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Green Chemistry, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
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Lawal IA, Klink M, Ndungu P, Moodley B. Brief bibliometric analysis of "ionic liquid" applications and its review as a substitute for common adsorbent modifier for the adsorption of organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:34-51. [PMID: 31102948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The importance of improving adsorbent's adsorption efficiency in organic pollutants has been reported by many researchers. Surfactant-based modified adsorbents were a tasteful choice. As a result, the use of surfactants as a modifier for removing organic pollutants has shown to play a very big role in enhancing the adsorption efficiency of different materials. Ionic liquids are receiving extensive interest as green multipurpose compounds, primarily as a replacement for traditional chemicals that are used in many chemical processes. This work gives a brief bibliometric analysis of application of ionic liquid from 1930 to 2017, documents were collected from Scopus database and keywords from the abstracts and titles were analyzed using VOSviewer software. Furthermore, the work presents a review of conventionally known surfactants and the recent likelihood of ionic liquids for modifying adsorbents for adsorption of organic pollutants. Over the period of years between 1930 and 2017, 13,144 documents were published on the application of ionic liquids. VOSviewer software further confirms that adsorption is one of the leading areas in applications of ionic liquids. Review also showed that ionic liquid is a good modifier of adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isiaka A Lawal
- Energy, Sensors and Multifunctional Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chemistry Department Faculty of Applied and Computer Science, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Boulevard, 1900, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
| | - Michael Klink
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Applied and Computer Science, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Boulevard, 1900, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Patrick Ndungu
- Energy, Sensors and Multifunctional Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Brenda Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X45001, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Lawal IA, Lawal MM, Azeez MA, Ndungu P. Theoretical and experimental adsorption studies of phenol and crystal violet dye on carbon nanotube functionalized with deep eutectic solvent. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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