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Xue J, Lin Y, Zhao D, Kannan K. Occurrence, removal, and fate of benzothiazoles (BTHs) and benzotriazoles (BTRs) in two wastewater treatment plants in New York State, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175090. [PMID: 39079646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Benzothiazoles (BTHs) and benzotriazoles (BTRs) are widely used in various consumer products. However, their occurrence and fate in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the United States remain poorly understood. In this study, wastewater and sludge samples were collected from two WWTPs from the Albany area of New York State (WWTPA and WWTPB) and the concentrations of three BTH derivatives (BTH, 2-OH-BTH, and 2-Me-S-BTH) and five BTR derivatives (1-OH-BTR, XTR, 4-OH-BTR, TTR, and BTR) were determined. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of Σ(BTHs) and Σ(BTRs) in influent were in the range of 7550-8690 and 4590-6240 ng/L, whereas those in effluent were 6650-7150 and 4620-6800 ng/L, respectively. In the influent of two WWTPs, BTH, BTR, and TTR were identified as the major chemicals at respective GM concentrations of 8440, 4200, and 1280 ng/L in WWTPA, and 7300, 1180, and 2090 ng/L in WWTPB. The removal efficiencies of BTHs and BTRs following activated sludge treatment were < 80 %, and Σ(BTRs) showed a negative removal in both WWTPs. The respective mass loadings of Σ(BTHs) and Σ(BTRs) were 7240 and 5200 mg/d/1000 individuals in WWTPA, and 3530 and 2140 mg/d/1000 individuals in WWTPB. The environmental emissions of Σ(BTHs) and Σ(BTRs) from WWTP discharges were estimated at 3110-6030 and 2160-5700 mg/d/1000 individuals, respectively. Overall, BTHs and BTRs are not efficiently removed in WWTP processes. This study provides baseline information regarding the loading, fate, and discharge of BTHs and BTRs from WWTPs in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, United States.
| | - Yiling Lin
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daoming Zhao
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, New York 12237, United States
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Zhou Y, Xie P, Cao G, Ran J, Xu S, Xia W, Cai Z. Metabolic signatures of prenatal exposure to 'Cocktails' of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles and its health implications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134717. [PMID: 38795493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (collectively as BTs) was associated with pregnancy complications. Identifying the metabolites associated with prenatal BTs exposure may help elucidate the mechanism and characterize the exposure risk. In this prospective study of 158 pregnant women from Wuhan, China, urinary BTs were repeatedly measured across three trimesters to provide an accurate estimation of exposure during pregnancy. We conducted high-throughput targeted metabolomics with great coverage and high accuracy to characterize the urinary metabolic profile in late pregnancy. We first identified the perturbed metabolites of cocktail BTs exposure and then pinned down to the pairwise associations between individual BTs and the identified metabolites. A total of 44 metabolites were identified as perturbed biomarkers of cocktail BTs exposure based on the variable influence on projection (VIP > 1.2) score. Further pairwise associations analysis showed positive association of BTs with oxidative stress related biomarkers and negative association of BTs with neuronal function metabolites. The shared metabolic signatures among BTs in the co-occurrence network of pairwise association analysis may partially be attributed to the correlation among cocktail BTs exposure. The findings provide the potential mechanisms of BTs-associated pregnancy complications and offer insight into the health implications for prenatal BTs exposure. Furthermore, the framework we employed, which integrates both cocktail exposure and individual exposure, may illuminate future epidemiological research that seeks to incorporate exposure to mixtures and omics scale data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Peisi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinjun Ran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Pálešová N, Bláhová L, Janoš T, Řiháčková K, Pindur A, Šebejová L, Čupr P. Exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in Czech male population and its associations with biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:523-536. [PMID: 38546760 PMCID: PMC11130049 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. METHODS 165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity. RESULTS The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = - 17.54%; 95% CI: - 26.127, - 7.962). CONCLUSION This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pálešová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bláhová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Janoš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Řiháčková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pindur
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Training Centre of Fire Rescue Service, General Directorate of Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, Ministry of the Interior, Trnkova 85, 628 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Šebejová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Mao W, Qu J, Liu H, Guo R, Liao K, Wu S, Hangbiao J, Hu Z. Associations between urinary concentrations of benzothiazole, benzotriazole, and their derivatives and lung cancer: A nested case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118750. [PMID: 38522739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTH), benzotriazole (BTR), and their respective derivatives (BTHs and BTRs) are emerging environmental pollutants with widespread human exposure and oncogenic potential. Studies have demonstrated adverse effects of exposure to certain BTHs and BTRs on the respiratory system. However, no study has examined the associations between exposure to BTHs and BTRs and lung cancer risk. We aimed to examine the associations between urinary concentrations of BTHs and BTRs and the risk of lung cancer in the general population from Quzhou, China. We conducted a nested case-control study in an ongoing prospective Quzhou Environmental Exposure and Human Health (QEEHH) cohort, involving 20, 694 participants who provided urine samples during April 2019-July 2020. With monthly follow-up until November 2022, 212 lung cancer cases were recruited and 1:1 matched with healthy controls based on age and sex. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lung cancer risk associated with urinary BTHs and BTRs concentrations using conditional logistic regression models after controlling for potential covariates. We also examined effect modification by several covariates, including sex, socioeconomic status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and dietary habit. Creatinine-corrected urinary BTH and 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole (2-OH-BTH) levels were significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer, after adjusting for a variety of covariates. Participants in the highest quartile of BTH had a 95% higher risk of lung cancer, compared with those in the lowest quartile (adjusted OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.08-3.49; p for trend = 0.01). Participants with higher levels of urinary 2-OH-BTH had an 83% higher risk of lung cancer than those with lower levels (adjusted OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.16-2.88; p for trend = 0.01). Exposure to elevated levels of BTH and 2-OH-BTH may be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. These associations were not modified by socio-demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, PR China
| | - Jianli Qu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Huimeng Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Ruyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Kaizhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jin Hangbiao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China.
| | - Zefu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, PR China.
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Tkalec Ž, Runkel AA, Kosjek T, Horvat M, Heath E. Contaminants of emerging concern in urine: a review of analytical methods for determining diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95106-95138. [PMID: 37597142 PMCID: PMC10482756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Human biomonitoring (HBM) frameworks assess human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In this review, we discuss and summarize sample preparation procedures and analytical methodology for six groups of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), namely diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers, which are increasingly detected in urine, however, are not yet widely included in HBM schemes, despite posing a risk to human health. The sample preparation procedures depend largely on the chemical group; however, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is most often used due to the minimized sample handling, lower sample volume, and generally achieving lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to other extraction techniques. In terms of sample analysis, LC-based methods generally achieve lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to GC-based methods for the selected six groups of chemicals owing to their broader chemical coverage. In conclusion, since these chemicals are expected to be more frequently included in future HBM studies, it becomes evident that there is a pressing need for rigorous quality assurance programs to ensure better comparability of data. These programs should include the reporting of measurement uncertainty and facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons among the reporting laboratories. In addition, high-resolution mass spectrometry should be more commonly employed to enhance the specificity and selectivity of the applied analytical methodology since it is underrepresented in HBM. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of data on the levels of these CECs in urine, large population HBM studies are necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Tkalec
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agneta Annika Runkel
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences (O2), Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Cao S, Liu J, Yu L, Fang X, Xu S, Li Y, Xia W. Prenatal exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles and child neurodevelopment: A longitudinal study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161188. [PMID: 36581292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazoles (BTRs) and benzothiazoles (BTHs) are emerging benzo-heterocyclic compounds that may induce neurotoxicity. However, the effect of prenatal exposure to BTs (BTRs and BTHs) on child neurodevelopment has not been elucidated. We aimed to explore the associations between maternal urinary concentrations of BTs in single or in mixture with child neurodevelopment at the age of two. This study recruited 513 mother-child pairs based on a birth cohort from 2014 to 2015 in Wuhan. Maternal urinary concentrations of eight BTs (four BTRs and four BTHs) in the first, second, and third trimesters were measured. The mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) of children, as two indexes of neurodevelopment, were assessed at two years old by the Bayley Scales. In the analyses of single BTs, prenatal average tolyltriazole (TTR) exposure level was associated with decreased boys' MDI scores (β = -2.84, 95 % CI: -5.11, -0.57) and prenatal average 1-H-benzotriazole (1-H-BTR) exposure level was associated with decreased boys' PDI scores (β = -1.44, 95 % CI: -2.70, -0.17), respectively. Maternal urinary concentrations of benzothiazole (BTH) in the 1st trimester (β = -1.79, 95 % CI: -2.78, -0.80), 2nd trimester (β = -1.14, 95 % CI: -2.19, -0.09), and the prenatal average exposure (β = -2.15, 95 % CI: -3.69, -0.61) were also negatively associated with boys' PDI scores. However, no significantly negative association was observed among girls. In the further mixture analysis, the quantile g-computation model found a significant negative association between prenatal average concentrations of BTs in mixture and boys' PDI scores [β = -4.80 (95 % CI: -9.08, -0.52)], and BTH weighted the highest in the negative association. As far as we know, this is the first research to estimate the effect of prenatal exposure to BTs on child neurodevelopment. The findings showed that prenatal exposure to BTs was negatively associated with neurodevelopment among boys, suggesting that the associations may be modified by infant sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xingjie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Liang S, Zhang Y, Bo H, Duan W, Zhong L. Insights into the toxicities of UV-328, UV-329, UV-P in HepG2 cells and their roles in AHR-mediated pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 250:114478. [PMID: 36586167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread high concentrations of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) in many biotic and abiotic samples have raised urgent concerns of their adverse effects on environmental and human health. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of three typical BUVSs (UV-328, UV-329, UV-P) with HepG2 cells in vitro. Results indicated that the three BUVSs showed weak cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells at concentrations lower than 50 μM. Transcriptional analysis indicated that the toxic effects of the three chemicals followed the order of UV-P > UV-329 > UV-328. UV-P and UV-329 may act as potential environmental diabetogens by significantly enriching several diabetic related items in both GO and KEGG analysis. Moreover, UV-P and UV-329 significantly upregulated the expression of AHR target genes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, UGT1A1, etc.), and increased the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and exhibited agonistic activity toward AHR in the XRE-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay. Molecular docking assay also indicated that UV-329 and UV-P had higher binding affinities to AHR-LBD than UV-328. In brief, our findings indicated that UV-P and UV-329 were potential agonist of AHR ligand, and may exert more toxicity than UV-328 in inducing liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxian Liang
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Haimei Bo
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wenzhao Duan
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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Chen Y, Xiao H, Namat A, Liu J, Ruan F, Xu S, Li R, Xia W. Association between trimester-specific exposure to thirteen endocrine disrupting chemicals and preterm birth: Comparison of three statistical models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158236. [PMID: 36041600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicated that maternal exposure to some endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase the risk of preterm birth (PTB). However, few studies have evaluated the joint effect of EDCs on PTB. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the associations of maternal EDCs mixture in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters during pregnancy with PTB, and identify the vital components that mainly contribute to PTB. METHODS This study included 847 pregnant women that provided urine samples for all three trimesters. Urinary concentrations of thirteen EDC metabolites (four phthalates, two parabens, three phenols, and four benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles) were examined. Logistic regression model, quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were applied to study the association. RESULTS Logistic regression model suggested that only bisphenol A (BPA) in the 1st trimester significantly increased the OR of PTB after adjusting for BPA exposure in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Quantile g-computation model identified that urinary EDCs mixture in the 1st trimester were positively associated with PTB [OR (95 % CI): 1.98 (1.10, 3.58)], and the most heavily weighted component for PTB was BPA (26 %), followed by mono-2ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (22 %). BKMR model determined a significant association between EDCs mixture in the 1st trimester and PTB when all EDC concentrations were at or above their 55th percentile compared with the median. The BKMR model found that BPA and MEHP were associated with an increase in the estimated probability of PTB, when the other EDCs were held to their 50th and 75th percentiles, respectively, in the 1st trimester. CONCLUSIONS The results of mixture analysis models indicated that exposure to higher EDCs mixture in the 1st trimester may increase the risk of PTB. BPA was considered as the most contributing factor for PTB among the detected EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Asmagvl Namat
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Fengyu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Cai Z, Li R, Leng P, Liu H, Liu J, Mahai G, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Associations of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles with estrogens and androgens among pregnant women: A cohort study with repeated measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155998. [PMID: 35588816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
People are extensively exposed to benzotriazoles (BTRs) and benzothiazoles (BTHs) derivatives, which are environmental pollutants that may possess endocrine-disrupting potential; however, no epidemiological evidence is available on the associations of BTRs and BTHs with estrogens and androgens. This study aimed at investigating the associations of BTRs and BTHs with estrogens and androgens among pregnant women. Based on a prospective cohort study, we included 459 pregnant women who donated a complete serial of urine samples at each trimester and had repeated measurements of four BTRs, four BTHs, three estrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estrio), and two androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone) in the urine samples. Associations of repeatedly measured BTRs and BTHs with maternal urinary estrogens and androgens were analyzed, and the cross-sectional associations were also analyzed. Tolyltriazole (TTR) (≥59.3%) and benzothiazole (BTH) (≥93.5%) had the highest detection rate among the BTRs and BTHs, respectively. Repeated measurement analysis and cross-sectional analysis consistently found the target BTRs and BTHs were positively associated with 17β-estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, while the trend of the associations with estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone was inconsistent. Among the positive associations with 17β-estradiol, estriol, and testosterone, the percent of change in estriol associated with TTR was the most prominent [28.5% (95% confidential interval: 24.2%, 32.9%) for each doubling in TTR]. The significant associations with estrone, estriol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone were stronger among pregnant women who gave birth to a boy than those who gave birth to a girl. These findings add epidemiological evidence on the endocrine-disrupting potential of BTRs and BTHs and highlight the importance of focusing on the health outcomes of BTRs and BTHs related to disturbed estrogens and androgens. Future studies are needed to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 100 Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
| | - Pei Leng
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 100 Hong Kong Road, Wuhan 430015, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Gaga Mahai
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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10
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Yu Y, Li H, Chen J, Wang F, Chen X, Huang B, He Y, Cai Z. Exploring the adsorption behavior of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles on polyvinyl chloride microplastics in the water environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153471. [PMID: 35101490 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of emerging pollutant, microplastics (MPs) play an important role as a carrier for pollutant migration in the water environment. Carried by the MPs, benzotriazoles, and benzothiazoles (collectively referred to as BTs)1 are ubiquitous water contaminants. In this paper, the adsorption behavior of BTs on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MPs was first studied systematically to explain the adsorptive mechanisms and the consequential pollution caused by the absorption-desorption process. The studies on kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics revealed that the adsorption of BTs on PVC MPs was a multi-rate, heterogeneous multi-layer, and exothermic process, which was affected by external diffusion, intra-particle diffusion, and dynamic equilibrium. The factors including pH, salinity, and particle size also influenced the adsorption process. In the multi-solute system, competitive adsorption would occur between different BTs. The desorption of BTs from PVC MPs was positively associated with the increase of adsorption amount. Based on the results, the adsorption mechanisms of PVC MPs were clarified, involving hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic force, and non-covalent bonds. It was demonstrated that BTs in the water environment could most probably be accumulated and migrated through MPs, and eventually carried into organisms, posing an increased risk to the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Huichen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, PR China
| | - Fangjie Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Bowen Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Yin W, Shao H, Huo Z, Wang S, Zou Q, Xu G. Degradation of anticorrosive agent benzotriazole by electron beam irradiation: Mechanisms, degradation pathway and toxicological analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132133. [PMID: 34826893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole (BTA), which is extensively served as household and engineering agent, is one of the emerging and persistent contaminants. Despite the spirit to remove BTA is willing, the traditional wastewater treatments are weak. Therefore, the degradation of BTA via electron beam was systematically explored in this study. It turned out that after 5.0 kGy irradiation, even 87.5 mg L-1 BTA could be completely removed, and the irradiation conformed perfectly to the pseudo first-order kinetics model. The effects of solution pH, inorganic anions (CO32-, HCO3-, NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, SO32-, Cl-), and gas atmosphere were all explored. And results indicated that oxidative hydroxyl radicals played critical role in BTA irradiation. Additionally, presence of H2O2 and K2S2O8 promoted significantly not only degradation extent but also mineralization efficiency of BTA due to they both augmented the generation of oxidative free radicals. Moreover, by combining theoretical calculations with experimental results, it could be inferred that degradation of BTA was mainly carried out by the benzene ring-opening. Further toxicity evaluation proved that as irradiation proceeded, the toxicity alleviated. Taken together, there were various indications that BTA could be effectively eliminated by electron beam irradiation in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Haiyang Shao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Zhuhao Huo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Qi Zou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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12
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Chen H, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhao H, Xu S, Xia W, Cai Z, Li Y. Characteristics of exposure to multiple environmental chemicals among pregnant women in Wuhan, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142167. [PMID: 32916497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on environmental pollutant exposure during pregnancy have mostly focused on individual chemical substances or single urine measurements. Thus, our understanding of the potential cumulative or interactive effects of exposure is limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to ascertain the characteristics and predictors of exposure to environmental chemicals over three trimesters among pregnant women. METHODS We measured the concentrations of 34 chemicals in spot urine samples provided by 745 participants in their early, middle, and late pregnancy. We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients (SCC) between exposure levels of multiple chemicals in each trimester. K-means clustering and principal components analysis (PCA) were applied to classify the populations and reduce data dimensionality. We used generalized linear models (GLM) to confirm predictors of each cluster and principal component. RESULTS SCC showed that the correlations of chemical concentrations from the same classes were higher than those among concentrations of different classes. Cluster analysis categorized participants into three clusters, and each cluster represented different chemical concentrations. We restricted the principal components to six, which explained more than 50% of the data variations. Several physiological, socio-demographic factors, and behavior patterns were related to different clusters and principal components. CONCLUSION Distinct exposure patterns and dominant exposure components of multiple environmental chemicals among pregnant women might help research the potential health effects of exposure to chemical mixtures and develop relevant public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Chen CH, Chung WH, Ding WH. Determination of benzotriazole and benzothiazole derivatives in marketed fish by double-vortex-ultrasonic assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 333:127516. [PMID: 32683261 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Benzotriazoles (BTRs) and benzothiazoles (BTs) are two groups of emerging concern and high production volume contaminants. Via the biomagnification of the food web, they could jeopardize human health. In this work, rapid determining the presence of five BTRs and two BTs in marketed fish was performed by a novel double-vortex-ultrasonic assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (DVUA-MSPD) and UHPLC-electrospray ionization (+)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection. Unlike traditional MSPD, we simplified the method without the use of mortar/pestle and SPE-column procedures. The DVUA-MSPD factors were screened by a multilevel categorical design, and then optimized by Box-Behnken Design plus with response surface methodology. The limits of quantification were 0.15-2 ng g-1 (dry weight). The satisfactory average recovery ranged from 70% to 93% with RSDs less than 9%. The developed method was successfully applied for the rapid determination of selected BTRs and BTs in fish samples at trace-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Hsun Chung
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Army Academy ROC, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Hsien Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan.
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14
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Xu S, Liao J, Zhang H, Li J, Hong Y, Xia W, Cai Z. Prenatal exposure to benzotraizoles and benzothiazoles in relation to fetal and birth size: A longitudinal study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122828. [PMID: 32512437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) in maternal urine and amniotic fluid indicated the widespread fetal exposure to the contaminants. We investigated the associations of prenatal BTs exposure with fetal and birth size and explored the window of susceptibility. Participants consisted of 856 mother-infant pairs drawn from a prospective birth cohort between 2014 and 2015 in Wuhan, China. Prenatal BTs exposure were measured in multiple urine samples collected across three trimesters. We observed positive associations between prenatal exposure to specific BTs (e.g., 1-H-benzotriazole, 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole and 2-amino-benzothiazole) and femur length (FL) and birth length z-scores among girls. In boys, a 2-fold increase of averaged concentration of urinary benzothiazole (BTH) was associated with decrement in FL (β = -0.068, p < 0.001) and birth length (β = -0.055, p = 0.005) z-scores. Further analysis indicated that the negative associations between urinary concentrations of BTH and birth length z-score among boys were observed at exposure measurement in 25-35 gestational weeks. This study reported the associations between prenatal exposure to BTs and fetal and birth size, suggests the associations maybe in a sex-specific manner and the window of exposure may influence susceptibility. These findings require replication in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST) Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation) School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST) Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation) School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST) Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation) School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR PR China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR PR China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST) Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation) School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST) Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation) School of Public Health Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China.
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15
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Chen X, Zhou Y, Hu C, Xia W, Xu S, Cai Z, Li Y. Prenatal exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles and cord blood mitochondrial DNA copy number: A prospective investigation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105920. [PMID: 32653801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are sensitive to environmental toxicants due to the limited repair capacity. Exposure to benzotriazoles (BTRs) and benzothiazoles (BTHs) may contribute to adverse health outcomes through oxidative stress, which may interfere with mitochondrial function. However, the mitochondrial effects of exposure to BTs (BTRs and BTHs) have not yet been elucidated, particularly in human investigations. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations between trimester-specific urinary BTRs and BTHs concentrations and cord blood mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in a prospective birth cohort. METHODS The present study included 742 mother-infant pairs who participated in a birth cohort between 2014 and 2015 in Wuhan and had data on urinary concentrations of BTRs and BTHs and mtDNAcn in cord blood. Concentrations of BTs were repeatedly measured in maternal urine samples at different trimesters using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Relative mtDNAcn in umbilical cord blood was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the associations between BTs exposure across gestation and mtDNAcn in cord blood. RESULTS In the present study, we observed a positive association between urinary 2-methylthio-benzothiazole (2-MeS-BTH) concentrations in the first trimester and cord blood mtDNAcn, with marginal significance [percent changes (%Δ) = 3.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.05, 8.16, p = 0.05], while urinary 2-amino-benzothiazole concentrations in the third trimester were significantly negatively associated with cord blood mtDNAcn (%Δ = -5.89, 95% CI: -10.32, -1.24). Similar patterns of associations were demonstrated between urinary 1-H-benzotriazole (1-H-BTR) and xylyltriazole concentrations in the third trimester and cord blood mtDNAcn (%Δ = -4.18 to -3.23). In sex-specific analysis, we identified that maternal urinary 1-H-BTR in the first trimester and 2-MeS-BTH in the third trimester were positively associated with cord blood mtDNAcn among male infants but not female (P for interaction = 0.05 for 1-H-BTR, P for interaction = 0.05 for 2-MeS-BTH, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that prenatal exposure to BTRs and BTHs were associated with cord blood mtDNAcn alternation, and these associations were modified by infant gender. Further investigations are needed to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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Li W, Li J, Deng M, Pan Y, Zeng L. Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles prevail in indoor dust from an E-waste dismantling area in South China: Elevated concentrations and implication for human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137979. [PMID: 32222499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 6 BTRs and 9 BTHs were detected in indoor dust samples collected from a typical e-waste dismantling area and adjacent residential areas, as well as from a control urban area. The median ∑BTRs (the total concentrations of BTRs) in e-waste dismantling workshop dust (3830 ng/g) was up to about 21 and 17 times higher than those in the local residential house dust (180 ng/g) and the control urban residential house dust (231 ng/g), respectively. Similarly, significantly higher ∑BTHs (the total concentrations of BTHs) were also found in indoor dust from e-waste workshops (median: 2070 ng/g; range: 590-4430 ng/g) compared to the local residential houses (823 ng/g; 268-3350 ng/g) and the control urban residential houses (930 ng/g; 400-3650 ng/g). These results indicate that e-waste dismantling activities contribute to considerable residues of BTRs and BTHs in indoor dust. Benzotriazole (BTR), benzothiazole (BTH) and 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole (2-OH-BTH) were identified as the predominant compounds across three types of dust samples, cumulatively representing over 80% of ∑BTs (the sum of ∑BTRs and ∑BTHs). The different applications of BTRs and BTHs in e-products were clarified based on correlations analysis. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of BTRs and BTHs through dust intake for occupational workers were much higher than those for local and urban residents, implying that a potentially high risk can be posed to occupational workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Juan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Man Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yanan Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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Zhou Y, Qu J, Liu W, Liao J, Li Y, Zhao H, Li J, Jin H, Liu H, Fang J, Sun X, Jiang Y, Xu S, Li Y, Hong Y, Xia W, Cai Z. Early pregnancy exposure to benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105360. [PMID: 31830730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzotriazoles (BTRs) and benzothiazoles (BTHs) are emerging contaminants with potential insulin modulation activities. Pregnancy exposure to BTs (BTRs and BTHs) may be a risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, epidemiological studies are limited. OBJECTIVES We prospectively investigated the associations of exposure to BTs at early pregnancy with the blood glucose levels and the risks of GDM. METHODS A prospective cohort of 1770 pregnant women who were free of diabetes at baseline was established between 2013 and 2015 in Wuhan, China. Urine samples collected at 13.1 ± 1.1 weeks of gestation were analyzed to estimate the exposure level of BTs. The diagnosis of GDM was based on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) conducted at 26.4 ± 2.4 weeks of gestation. We examined the associations between urinary concentration of BTs and blood glucose levels by linear regression models. The associations of urinary BTs concentrations with the relative risk (RR) of GDM were evaluated by generalized estimating equations with Poisson regression. Effect modifications by fetus sex and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were further evaluated in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS A total of 147 (8.31%) pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM. Median concentrations of urinary BTs did not differ significantly between pregnant women with and without GDM. It was found that urinary levels of benzothiazole and 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole (2-OH-BTH) were positively associated with 2-hour blood glucose (p for trend < 0.050). Comparing the high exposure group with the low exposure group of 2-OH-BTH, the adjusted RR of GDM was 1.79 (95% CI = 1.18 to 2.69, p for trend = 0.012). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the positive association of the urinary 2-OH-BTH level with the RR of GDM remained significant among pregnant women who had a male fetus (RR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.02 to 3.03, p for trend = 0.041) and those with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI (RR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.11, p for trend = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that higher urinary level of 2-OH-BTH in early pregnancy was associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and the increased risk of GDM. The results underscore the need of follow-up studies to validate the findings and elucidate the underlying biological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jingyu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yangqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Baduel C, Lai FY, van Nuijs ALN, Covaci A. Suspect and Nontargeted Strategies to Investigate in Vitro Human Biotransformation Products of Emerging Environmental Contaminants: The Benzotriazoles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10462-10469. [PMID: 31204474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole derivatives (BTRs) are high production volume chemicals involved in a wide range of applications and consumer products resulting in their ubiquitous presence in environmental matrices. Yet, the human exposure assessment to these chemicals is limited since it is based only on the analysis of parent compounds in biological matrices. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro human biotransformation for three widely used BTRs and to stepwise examine the role of Phase I and II enzymes (cytochrome P450 (CYP), uridine glucuronic acid transferase (UGT), and sulfotransferase (SULT)) in their biotransformation. Extracts with generated biotransformation products (bioTPs) were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS), followed by their identification based on a workflow combining suspect and nontargeted strategies. Ten bioTPs were identified for 1H-benzotriazole, 14 for tolyltriazole, and 14 for 5-chloro-1H-benzotriazole. Most of the proposed bioTPs were identified and structurally elucidated for the first time. Based on these findings, possible bioTPs and metabolic transformation pathways were subsequently predicted for other structurally close BTR derivatives. Our findings provide new identified in vitro biotransformation products for future biomonitoring studies and emphasize that it is important to investigate the biotransformation pathway to assess overall exposure to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Baduel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE , 38 050 Grenoble , France
- Université Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR 5280 , F-69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Toxicological Center , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Alexander L N van Nuijs
- Toxicological Center , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp , Belgium
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