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Braman SL, Peterson H, Elbe A, Mani E, Danielson C, Dahman C, Labadie JD, Trepanier LA. Urinary and household chemical exposures in pet dogs with urothelial cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:217-229. [PMID: 38388159 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) has been linked to environmental chemical exposures in people, but these risk factors are not well understood in dogs with UCC. We hypothesised that household chemical exposures contribute to the risk of UCC in pet dogs. This prospective cross-sectional case-control study included 37 dogs with UCC and 37 unaffected breed-, sex-, and age-matched controls. Dog owners completed an environmental questionnaire and household samples were collected and analysed for arsenic (in tap water and room dust) and acrolein (in room air). Urine samples from UCC dogs, control dogs, and consenting owners were analysed for inorganic arsenic species, the acrolein metabolite 3-HPMA, and the phenoxy herbicide 2,4-D. Public data on chlorination byproducts (total trihalomethanes) in municipal drinking water were also compared between case and control households. Dogs with UCC were more likely to swim in a pool (15.2%) compared with control dogs (0%) (OR 1.69, 95% CI = 1.69-∞; p = .02). Dogs with UCC also had more than 4-fold higher reported municipal water concentrations of chlorination byproducts (median 28.0 ppb) compared with controls (median 6.9 ppb; p < .0001). Dust arsenic concentrations were unexpectedly lower in case households (median 0.277 ng/cm2) compared with control households (median 0.401 ng/cm2; p = .0002). Other outcomes were not significantly different between groups. These data suggest that dog owners, especially those of breeds known to be at higher risk for UCC, consider limiting access to swimming pools and installing water filtration units that remove total trihalomethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Braman
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hannah Peterson
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amy Elbe
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Erin Mani
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Camille Danielson
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christa Dahman
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julia D Labadie
- Scientific Programs Department, Morris Animal Foundation, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren A Trepanier
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Charytan DM, Wu W, Liu M, Li ZM, Kannan K, Trasande L, Pal VK, Lee S, Trachtman H. Organic Pollutant Exposure and CKD: A Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Pilot Study. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100778. [PMID: 38435069 PMCID: PMC10907218 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective This study aimed to assess the effect of exposure to organic pollutants in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study Design This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Setting and Participants Forty adults enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC). Exposures Exposure at baseline and longitudinally to various organic chemical pollutants. Outcomes The outcomes were as follows: death; composite of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke; event-free survival from kidney failure or ≥50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); and longitudinal trajectory of eGFR. Analytical Approach We used high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to measure urinary concentrations of bisphenols, phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, melamine, and cyanuric acid at years 1, 3, and 5 after enrollment in the CRIC. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the association of individual compounds and classes of pollutants with the outcomes. The Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier method were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for each class of pollutants. Results Median baseline eGFR and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio were 33 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 0.58 mg/g, respectively. Of 52 compounds assayed, 30 were detectable in ≥50% of participants. Urinary chemical concentrations were comparable in patients with CKD and healthy individuals from contemporaneous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cohorts. Phthalates were the only class with a trend toward higher exposure in patients with CKD. There was an inverse relationship between exposure and the eGFR slopes for bisphenol F, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-[2-(carboxymethyl)hexyl] phthalate, and melamine. There were no associations between organic pollutant exposure and cardiovascular outcomes. Limitations Small sample size, evaluation of single rather than combined exposures. Conclusions Simultaneous measurement of multiple organic pollutants in adults with CKD is feasible. Exposure levels are comparable with healthy individuals. Select contaminants, especially in the phthalate class, may be associated with more rapid deterioration in kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Charytan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Mengling Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Zhong-Min Li
- Wadsworth Center, Environmental Health Sciences, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, Environmental Health Sciences, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Vineet Kumar Pal
- Wadsworth Center, Environmental Health Sciences, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Wadsworth Center, Environmental Health Sciences, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Howard Trachtman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Su Y, Lu J, Li F, Liu J. Establishment of a modified QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for multiple pesticide residues followed by determination of the residue levels and exposure assessment in livestock urine. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464547. [PMID: 38056393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of an analytical method for pesticide residues in livestock urine can realize the real-time monitoring of pesticide pollution in livestock breeding. In this study, a novel method was developed for the determination of 106 pesticide residues in livestock urine based on a modified QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Acetonitrile was used to extract target analytes through acidic and alkaline switching of the sample environment. The purification effect of captiva EMR-Lipid on samples was investigated. Three kinds of materials, C18, polar enhanced polymer (PEP), N-propylethylenediamine (PSA), were selected from 20 kinds of materials as adsorbents for QuEChERS. A mass analysis was carried out using simultaneous scanning in both positive and negative ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring mode. All analytes showed good linearity, with correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.9923; their limits of quantification were 0.02-1.95 ng/mL. The average recoveries at low, medium, and high spiked levels were in the range of 70.1 %-117.3 %, with intra-day precision ranging from 3.4 % to 16.9 % and inter-day precision ranging from 4.0 % to 19.3 %. The established analytical method was used to analyze the pesticide residue in swine urine and bovine urine collected from farms in Yining, Xinjiang, China. A total of 8 pesticides were detected, and the residue ranged from less than the limit of quantitation to 22.4 ng/mL. The top three pesticides with the highest detection frequency were clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and dinotefuran. The exposure assessment based on the monitored pesticide residue concentration levels showed that the detected pesticides could pose little risk to cattle and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control, Shihezi University, North 4th road NO.221, Shihezi 832003, China; Yining Customs Technology Center, Yining 835000, China
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control, Shihezi University, North 4th road NO.221, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Yining Customs Technology Center, Yining 835000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Chengdu Customs Technology Center, No. 28, South 4th Section, First Ring Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Tremongkoltip A, Pengpumkiat S, Kongtip P, Nankongnab N, Siri S, Woskie S. Urinary Cypermethrin Metabolites among Conventional and Organic Farmers in Thailand. TOXICS 2023; 11:507. [PMID: 37368607 PMCID: PMC10305172 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, is frequently spread on agricultural farmlands and is also used in households in Thailand. Conventional pesticide-using farmers (n = 209) were recruited from the Phitsanulok and Nakornsawan provinces. Certified organic farmers (n = 224) were also recruited in the Yasothorn province. The farmers were interviewed via a questionnaire and the urine from their first morning void was collected. The urine samples were analyzed for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA), and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA). The results showed no significant difference in the urinary cypermethrin metabolites between the conventional farmers and the organic farmers, for whom the usage of cypermethrin was not accounted for. However, when conventional farmers who used cypermethrin on the farm and in the home were compared with conventional farmers who did not use any cypermethrin or with organic farmers, a significant difference was noted for all metabolites except for trans-DCCA. These findings show that the most significant exposures to cypermethrin are among conventional farmers who use the insecticide on their farms or in their homes. However, measurable levels of all metabolites were found among both conventional and organic farmers who only used cypermethrin in the home or not at all, suggesting that the at-home use of pyrethroids and other possible exposures from pyrethroid residues on market-bought food may contribute to urinary levels of pyrethroids that exceed those of the general population in the US and Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atima Tremongkoltip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumate Pengpumkiat
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Noppanun Nankongnab
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sukhontha Siri
- Department of Epidemiology, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvidhi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 61 Wilder St., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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Pal VK, Kannan K. Assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds through urinary concentrations of their metabolites in pet dogs and cats from the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120576. [PMID: 36336188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, exposure to which is associated with birth defects, neurocognitive and reproductive impairments, and cancer. Little is known, however, about VOC exposure in pet dogs and cats, which represent sentinels for human exposure as well as having value as companion animals. In this study, we determined 38 VOC metabolites (VOCMs) in urine samples collected from 47 dogs and 42 cats from the Albany area of New York State. Seventeen (in cats) to twenty (in dogs) VOCMs were found at detection frequencies (DFs) above 60%. The creatinine-adjusted geometric mean (GM) concentrations of individual VOCMs ranged from 5.43 (EMA) to 761 μg/g (3HPMA) in dog urine and 0.824 (SBMA) to 278 μg/g (ATCA) in cat urine. The ∑20 VOCM concentration in dog urine was 2280 μg/g (geometric mean) and the ∑17 VOCM concentration in cat urine was 847 μg/g. Eight individual VOCMs were significantly more abundant in dog than in cat urine, and the urinary concentrations of several VOCMs in dogs were comparable to those reported for human tobacco smokers. Metabolites of acrolein accounted for 43% of ∑20 VOCM concentration in dogs, whereas those of cyanide and benzene accounted for 60% of ∑17 VOCM concentration in cats. Based on acrylamide exposure doses, calculated hazard quotients were above 1 in 77% of dogs and 50% of cats studied, and cancer risk values (using a benchmark of 10-6) from exposure to acrylamide exceeded 1 for all dogs and cats. This is the first study to report VOCM concentrations in urine collected from pet dogs and cats and highlights the need to identify sources and health implications of VOCs exposure in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Pal
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States.
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