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Coates IA, Pan W, Saccone MA, Lipkowitz G, Ilyin D, Driskill MM, Dulay MT, Frank CW, Shaqfeh ESG, DeSimone JM. High-resolution stereolithography: Negative spaces enabled by control of fluid mechanics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405382121. [PMID: 39231205 PMCID: PMC11406279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405382121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Stereolithography enables the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) freeform structures via light-induced polymerization. However, the accumulation of ultraviolet dose within resin trapped in negative spaces, such as microfluidic channels or voids, can result in the unintended closing, referred to as overcuring, of these negative spaces. We report the use of injection continuous liquid interface production to continuously displace resin at risk of overcuring in negative spaces created in previous layers with fresh resin to mitigate the loss of Z-axis resolution. We demonstrate the ability to resolve 50-μm microchannels, breaking the historical relationship between resin properties and negative space resolution. With this approach, we fabricated proof-of-concept 3D free-form microfluidic devices with improved design freedom over device material selection and resulting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Coates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - William Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Max A Saccone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Gabriel Lipkowitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Dan Ilyin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Madison M Driskill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Maria T Dulay
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Curtis W Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Eric S G Shaqfeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Tian L, Wu Y, Hou Y, Dong Y, Ni K, Guo M. Environmentally Friendly UV Absorbers: Synthetic Characterization and Biosecurity Studies of the Host-Guest Supramolecular Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8476. [PMID: 39126045 PMCID: PMC11312980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate (IMC) is widely used in various fields because of its exceptional UV-filter properties. However, due to its cytotoxicity and anti-microbial degradability, the potential eco-environmental toxicity of IMC has become a focus of attention. In this study, we propose a host-guest supramolecule approach to enhance the functionality of IMC, resulting in a more environmentally friendly and high-performance materials. Sulfobutyl-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt (SBE-β-CD) was used as the host molecule. IMC-SBE-β-CD supramolecular substances were prepared through the "saturated solution method", and their properties and biosecurity were evaluated. Meanwhile, we conducted the AOS tree evaluation system that surpasses existing evaluation approaches based on apoptosis, oxidative stress system, and signaling pathways to investigate the toxicological mechanisms of IMC-SBE-β-CD within human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells as model organisms. The AOS tree evaluation system aims to offer the comprehensive analysis of the cytotoxic effects of IMC-SBE-β-CD. Our findings showed that IMC-SBE-β-CD had an encapsulation rate of 84.45% and optimal stability at 30 °C. Further, IMC-SBE-β-CD promoted cell growth and reproduction without compromising the integrity of mitochondria and nucleus or disrupting oxidative stress and apoptosis-related pathways. Compared to IMC, IMC-SBE-β-CD is biologically safe and has improved water solubility with the UV absorption property maintained. Our study provides the foundation for the encapsulation of hydrophobic, low-toxicity organic compounds using cyclodextrins and offers valuable insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaijie Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.D.)
| | - Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.T.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (Y.D.)
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Guo M, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Hu S, Jia Y, Luo X. Nutritive Value of Active Volatile Components of Anacardiaceae Mango and Their Effects on Carrier Proteins Function. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112779. [PMID: 37120228 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mango active volatile components (VOCs) on protein function were investigated from the perspective of nutrient transport. The active volatile components of five varieties of mango were analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). The interaction mechanism between active volatile components and three carrier proteins was discussed by fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular docking and dynamic simulation. The results showed that there were 7 active components in the five mango varieties. The aroma components represented by 1-caryophyllene and β-pinene were selected for further study. The interaction between VOCs small molecules and proteins is a static binding process, and its main force is hydrophobic interaction. The results of molecular simulation and spectral experiments showed that the binding ability of 1-caryophyllene and β-pinene to β-Lg was strong, so mango VOCs could possess a certain nutritional value in dairy products, expanding its application in dairy products in the food industry.
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