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Wang F, Zhang C, Ge Y, Zhang Z, Shi G, Feng Y. Multi-scale analysis of the chemical and physical pollution evolution process from pre-co-pollution day to PM 2.5 and O 3 co-pollution day. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173729. [PMID: 38839009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PM2.5 and O3 are two of the main air pollutants that have adverse impacts on climate and human health. The evolution process of PM2.5 and O3 co-pollution are of concern because of the increased frequency of PM2.5 and O3 co-pollution days. Here, we examined the chemical coupling and revealed the driving factors of the PM2.5 and O3 co-pollution evolution process from cleaning day, PM2.5 pollution day, or O3 pollution day, applied by theoretical analysis and model calculation methods. The results demonstrate that PM2.5 and O3 co-pollution day frequently occurred with high concentrations of gaseous precursors and higher sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR), which we attribute to the enhancement of atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC). The AOC is positively correlated with O3 and weakly correlated with PM2.5. In addition, we found that the correlation coefficients of PM2.5-NO2 (0.62) were higher than that of PM2.5-SO2 (0.32), highlighting the priority of NOx controlling to mitigate PM2.5 pollution. Overall, our discovery can provide scientific evidence to design feasible solutions for the controlling PM2.5 and O3 co-pollution process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yi Ge
- Shaanxi Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University (CMA-NKU) Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University (CMA-NKU) Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University (CMA-NKU) Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Cui Y, Liu B, Yang Y, Kang S, Wang F, Xu M, Wang W, Feng Y, Hopke PK. Primary and oxidative source analyses of consumed VOCs in the atmosphere. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134894. [PMID: 38909463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Consumed VOCs are the compounds that have reacted to form ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. An approach that can apportion the contributions of primary sources and reactions to the consumed VOCs was developed in this study and applied to hourly VOCs data from June to August 2022 measured in Shijiazhuang, China. The results showed that petrochemical industries (36.9 % and 51.7 %) and oxidation formation (20.6 % and 35.6 %) provided the largest contributions to consumed VOCs and OVOCs during the study period, whereas natural gas (5.0 % and 7.6 %) and the mixed source of liquefied petroleum gas and solvent use (3.1 % and 4.2 %) had the relatively low contributions. Compared to the non-O3 pollution (NOP) period, the contributions of oxidation formation, petrochemical industries, and the mixed source of gas evaporation and vehicle emissions to the consumed VOCs during the O3 pollution (OP) period increased by 2.8, 3.8, and 9.3 times, respectively. The differences in contributions of liquified petroleum gas and solvent use, natural gas, and combustion sources to consumed VOCs between OP and NOP periods were relatively small. Transport of petrochemical industries emissions from the southeast to the study site was the primary consumed pathway for VOCs emitted from petrochemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Baoshuang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yufeng Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Sicong Kang
- Beijing Make Environment Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuquan Wang
- Beijing Make Environment Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China
| | - Man Xu
- Shijiazhuang Environmental Prediction Center, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shijiazhuang Environmental Prediction Center, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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Wang W, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Xu B, Yang W, Wang X, Geng C, Bai Z. Quantification for photochemical loss of volatile organic compounds upon ozone formation chemistry at an industrial city (Zibo) in North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 256:119088. [PMID: 38768881 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are consumed by photochemical reactions during transport, leading to inaccuracies in estimating the local ozone (O3) formation mechanism and its subsequent strategy for O3 attainment. To comprehensively quantify the deviations in O3 formation mechanism by consumed VOCs (C-VOCs), a 5-month field campaign was conducted in a typical industrial city in Northern China over incorporating a 0-D box model (implemented with MCMv3.3.1). The averaged C-VOCs concentration was 6.8 ppbv during entire period, and Alkenes accounted for 62% dominantly. Without considering C-VOCs, the relative incremental reactivity (RIR) of anthropogenic VOCs (AVOC, overestimated by 68%-75%) and NOx (underestimated by 137%-527%) demonstrated deviations at multiple scenarios, and the RIR deviations for precursors in High-O3-periods (HOP) were lower than Low-O3-periods (LOP). The RIR deviations from individual species involved C-VOCs calculation did not impact the identification for the high-ranking-RIR AVOC species but non-negligible. Monthly comparisons showed that higher C-VOCs concentrations would lead to higher RIR deviations. The daily maximum of net Ox production rate (P(Ox)) and the regional transport Ox (Trans(Ox)) without C-VOCs were underestimated by 56%-194% and 81%-243%, respectively. After considering C-VOCs, the contribution of HO2+NO for Ox gross production (G(Ox)) decreased by 7% (LOP) and 7% (HOP), but OH + NO2 for Ox destruction (D(Ox)) decreased by 16% (LOP) and 23% (HOP), and alkenes + O3 increased for D(Ox) by 12% (LOP) and 22% (HOP). This implies that VOCs-NOx-O3 sensitivity was deviated between with/without C-VOCs, and severe O3 pollution rendered deviations in O3 formation, especially via NOx-driving chemistry. Based on RIR(NOx)/RIR(AVOC) with/without C-VOCs, the sensitivity regime shifted from VOCs-limited (-0.93) to transition (1.38) at LOP, and from VOCs-limited (0.19) to NOx-limited (3.79) at HOP. Our results reflected that the NOx limitation degree was underestimated without constraint C-VOCs, especially HOP, and provided implication to more precise O3 pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Environmental Science & Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhensen Zheng
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yanhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Zibo Eco-Environment Monitoring Center, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Environmental Science & Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Shao M, Lv S, Wei Y, Zhu J. The various synergistic impacts of precursor emission reduction on PM 2.5 and O 3 in a typical industrial city with complex distributions of emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173497. [PMID: 38825207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The synergistic responses of O3 and PM2.5 to their common precursors remain unclear within industrial cities with complex emissions. In this study, hundreds of scenarios of jointly reduced local NOx and VOCs emissions were designed along with the source apportionment techniques embedded in the Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx) system to explore the locally formed O3 and PM2.5 sensitivities to the reduced emissions of NOx and VOCs. The results indicate that locally formed O3 and PM2.5 are more connected to local emissions, resulting in unique formation sensitivities. Local O3 formation is usually in a transitional regime and transferred to VOC-limited condition under O3-polluted conditions due to high VOC emissions. Locally formed O3 and PM2.5 vary largely in different functional regions due to different emission feature and meteorological condition. When reducing VOCs emissions alone, an increase in PM2.5 formation could be observed due to the increase in the formation of nitrate resulting from reduced competition of NOx in O3 formation. To reduce PM2.5 and O3 concentrations simultaneously, specific ratios of NOx reduction percentage to VOC reduction percentage should be considered to different functional regions under different pollution levels. This research highlights the importance to conduct targeted sensitivity tests for emission reduction in different functional zones with complex emission features for the coordinated control of O3 and PM2.5 pollution in typical industrialized cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun Lv
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajing Wei
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialei Zhu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, China.
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Wang F, Zhang C, Ge Y, Zhang R, Huang B, Shi G, Wang X, Feng Y. Atmospheric reactive nitrogen conversion kicks off the co-directional and contra-directional effects on PM 2.5-O 3 pollution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135558. [PMID: 39159579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
As the two important ambient air pollutants, particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) can both originate from gas nitrogen oxides. In this study, applied by theoretical analysis and machine learning method, we examined the effects of atmospheric reactive nitrogen on PM2.5-O3 pollution, in which nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), gaseous nitric acid (HNO3) and particle nitrate (pNO3-) conversion process has the co-directional and contra-directional effects on PM2.5-O3 pollution. Of which, HNO3 and SO2 are the co-directional driving factors resulting in PM2.5 and O3 growing or decreasing simultaneously; while NO, NO2, and temperature represent the contra-directional factors, which can promote the growth of one pollutant and reduce another one. Our findings suggest that designing the suitable co-controlling strategies for PM2.5-O3 sustainable reduction should target at driving factors by considering the contra-directional and co-directional effects under suitable sensitivity regions. For co-directional driving factors, the design of suitable mitigation strategies will jointly achieve effective reduction in PM2.5 and O3; while for contra-directional driving factors, it should be more patient, otherwise, it is possible to reduce one item but increase another one at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China; The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University (CMA-NKU) Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yi Ge
- Shaanxi Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Bijie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Guoliang Shi
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University (CMA-NKU) Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yinchang Feng
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; China Meteorological Administration-Nankai University (CMA-NKU) Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Tao C, Zhang Q, Huo S, Ren Y, Han S, Wang Q, Wang W. PM 2.5 pollution modulates the response of ozone formation to VOC emitted from various sources: Insights from machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170009. [PMID: 38220017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have linked ozone (O3) production to its precursors and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), while the complex interaction effects of PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on O3 remain poorly understood. A systematic approach based on an interpretable machine learning (ML) model was utilized to evaluate the primary driving factors that impact O3 and to elucidate how changes in PM2.5, VOCs from different sources, NOx, and meteorological conditions either promote or inhibit O3 formation through their individual and synergistic effects in a tropical coastal city, Haikou, from 2019 to 2020. The results suggest that under low PM2.5 levels, alongside the linear O3-PM2.5 relationship observed, O3 formation is suppressed by PM2.5 with higher proportions of traffic-derived aerosol. Vehicle VOC emissions contributed maximally to O3 formation at midday, despite the lowest concentration. VOCs from fossil fuel combustion and industry emissions, which have opposing effects on O3, act as inhibitors and promoters by inducing diverse photochemical regimes. As PM2.5 pollution escalates, the impact of these VOCs reverses, becoming more pronounced in shaping O3 variation. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the O3 formation regime is VOC-limited, and effective regional O3 mitigation requires prioritizing substantial VOC reductions to offset enhanced VOC sensitivity induced by the co-reduction in PM2.5, with a focus on industrial and vehicular emissions, and subsequently, fossil fuel combustion once PM2.5 is effectively controlled. This study underscores the potential of the SHAP-based ML approach to decode the intricate O3-NOx-VOCs-PM2.5 interplay, considering both meteorological and atmospheric compositional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Tao
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Sisi Huo
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yuchao Ren
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment, Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Qin L, Li J, Nestle Asamoah E, Zhao B, Chen W, Han J. New Porous Carbon Material Derived from Carbon Microspheres Assembled in Hollow Carbon Spheres and Its Application to Toluene Adsorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6169-6177. [PMID: 37079769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new porous carbon material adsorbent was prepared using carbon microspheres assembled in hollow carbon spheres (HCS) with a hydrothermal method. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the adsorbents. It was found that the diameter of carbon microspheres derived from 0.1 mol/L glucose was about 130 nm, which could be inserted inside HCS (pore size was 370-450 nm). The increase in glucose concentration would promote the diameter of carbon microspheres (CSs), and coarse CSs could not be loaded in the mesopores or macropores of HCS. Thus, the C0.1@HCS adsorbent had the highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (1945 m2/g) and total pore volume (1.627 cm3/g). At the same time, C0.1@HCS posed a suitable ratio of micropores and mesopores, which could provide adsorption sites and volatile organic compound diffusion channels. Moreover, oxygen-containing functional groups -OH and C═O in CSs were also introduced into HCS, and the adsorption capacity and regenerability performance of the adsorbents were improved. The dynamic adsorption capacity of C0.1@HCS for toluene reached 813 mg/g, and the Bangham model was more suitable for describing the toluene adsorption process. The adsorption capacity was stably kept above 770 mg/g after eight adsorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Jiuli Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Ebenezer Nestle Asamoah
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Wangsheng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
- Hubei Provincial Industrial Safety Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
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