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Wang H, Su K, Liu M, Liu Y, Wu Z, Fu C. Overexpressing CYP81D11 enhances 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene tolerance and removal efficiency in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14364. [PMID: 38837226 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising technology for removing the high-toxic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) pollutant from the environment. Mining dominant genes is the key research direction of this technology. Most previous studies have focused on the detoxification of TNT rather than plants' TNT tolerance. Here, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of wild type Arabidopsis plants under TNT stress and found that the Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 gene CYP81D11 was significantly induced in TNT-treated plants. Under TNT stress, the root length was approximately 1.4 times longer in CYP81D11-overexpressing transgenic plants than in wild type plants. The half-removal time for TNT was much shorter in CYP81D11-overexpressing transgenic plants (1.1 days) than in wild type plants (t1/2 = 2.2 day). In addition, metabolic analysis showed no difference in metabolites in transgenic plants compared to wild type plants. These results suggest that the high TNT uptake rates of CYP81D11-overexpressing transgenic plants were most likely due to increased tolerance and biomass rather than TNT degradation. However, CYP81D11-overexpressing plants were not more tolerant to osmotic stresses, such as salt or drought. Taken together, our results indicate that CYP81D11 is a promising target for producing bioengineered plants with high TNT removing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlong Su
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Meifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Wang S, Zhao S, Nie Y, Ji C, Wang Q, Liao X, Cao H, Liu X. Spatial-vertical variations of energetic compounds and microbial community response in soils from an ammunition demolition site in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162553. [PMID: 36898332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ammunition-related activities have caused severe energetic compound (EC) contamination and pose serious risks to ecosystems. However, little is known regarding the spatial-vertical variations of ECs or their migration in soils at ammunition demolition sites. Although the toxic effect of some ECs to microorganisms have been reported through laboratory simulations, the responses of indigenous microbial communities to ammunition demolition activities are unclear. In this study, the spatial-vertical variations of ECs in 117 topsoil samples and three soil profiles from a typical ammunition demolition site in China were studied. Heavy contamination of ECs was concentrated in the top soils of the work platforms, and ECs were also detected in the surrounding area and nearby farmland. ECs showed different migration characteristics in the 0-100 cm soil layer of the different soil profiles. Demolition activities and surface runoff play critical roles in the spatial-vertical variations and migration of ECs. These findings suggest that ECs are able to migrate from the topsoil to the subsoil and from the core demolition area to further ecosystems. The work platforms exhibited lower microbial diversity and different microbiota compositions compared to the surrounding areas and farmlands. Using the random forest analysis, pH and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) were characterized as the most important factors affecting microbial diversity. Network analysis revealed that Desulfosporosinus was highly sensitive to ECs and may be a unique indicator of EC contamination. These findings provide key information in understanding EC migration characteristics in soils and the potential threats to indigenous soil microorganisms in ammunition demolition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yongbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Sanping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Persico F, Coulon F, Ladyman M, López CF, Temple T. Evaluating the effect of insensitive high explosive residues on soil using an environmental quality index (EQI) approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161797. [PMID: 36716874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impact of Insensitive High Explosive (IHE) detonation residues to soil quality was assessed using a series of outdoor soil mesocosms. Two different soils were used including a pristine sandy soil and a land-degraded soil collected from a training range. Both soils were spiked with an IHE mixture comprised of 53 % NTO, 32 % DNAN and 15 % RDX at three different concentrations 15, 146 and 367 mg/kg respectively. The concentration levels were derived from approximate residues from 100 detonations over a 2 week training period. A set of five physico-chemical and biological indicators representative of the two soils were selected to develop environmental quality indexes (EQI). It was found that none of the concentrations tested for the pristine soil affected the chemical, biological and physical indicators, suggesting no decrease in soil quality. In contrast, the EQI for the degraded soil was reduced by 24 %, mainly due to a decrease in the chemical and biological components of the soil. Therefore, it is concluded that depending on the soil health status, IHE residues can have minor or severe consequences on soil health. Further studies are needed to determine the environmental impact of IHE on soil and water especially in the case where a larger number of detonations are more likely to be carried out on a training range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Persico
- Cranfield University, Centre for Defence Chemistry, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK.
| | - Frederic Coulon
- Cranfield University, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Melissa Ladyman
- Cranfield University, Centre for Defence Chemistry, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK
| | - Carmen Fernández López
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. C/Coronel López Peña S/N, Santiago de La Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain
| | - Tracey Temple
- Cranfield University, Centre for Defence Chemistry, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, UK
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Pervukhin VV, Sheven DG. Photolysis by UVA-visible light and thermal degradation of TNT in aqueous solutions according to aerodynamic thermal breakup droplet ionization mass spectrometry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT): Involvement of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (P34O) in Buttiauxella sp. S19-1. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100231. [PMID: 34678927 PMCID: PMC8540567 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive use and disposal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a primary constituent of explosives, pollutes the environment and causes severe damage to human health. Complete mineralization of TNT via bacterial degradation has recently gained research interest as an effective method for the restoration of contaminated sites. Here, screening for TNT degradation by six selected bacteria revealed that Buttiauxella sp. S19-1, possesses the strongest degrading ability. Moreover, BuP34O (a gene encoding for protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase—P34O, a key enzyme in the β-ketoadipate pathway) was upregulated during TNT degradation. A knockout of BuP34O in S19-1 to generate S-M1 mutant strain caused a marked reduction in TNT degradation efficiency compared to S19-1. Additionally, the EM1 mutant strain (Escherichia coli DH5α transfected with BuP34O) showed higher degradation efficiency than DH5α. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of TNT degradation by S19-1 revealed 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotolune (ADNT) as the intermediate metabolite of TNT. Furthermore, the recombinant protein P34O (rP34O) expressed the activity of 2.46 µmol/min·mg. Our findings present the first report on the involvement of P34O in bacterial degradation of TNT and its metabolites, suggesting that P34O could catalyze downstream reactions in the TNT degradation pathway. In addition, the TNT-degrading ability of S19-1, a Gram-negative marine-derived bacterium, presents enormous potential for restoration of TNT-contaminated seas.
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Harmalkar SS, Naik AV, Nilajakar MK, Dhuri SN. Chemoselective Detection of 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol by Ground State Adduct Formation via Protonation of Quinoline Moiety of Non‐heme Ligands with Structural Evidence. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kayıhan DS, Kayıhan C, Özden Çiftçi Y. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing a cold-adaptive nitroreductase gene exhibited enhanced 2,4-dinitrotoluene detoxification rate at low temperature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:1-9. [PMID: 32643388 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1786795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants encounter many environmental factors such as low and high temperatures during phytoremediation processes. In this study, our aim was to produce the transgenic tobacco plants by using a newly characterized bacterial nitroreductase, Ntr, which was active at a broad range temperature in order to detoxify 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) at lower temperature. The presence of Ntr and its heterologous expression was verified in T1 transgenic plants and their growing ability were determined under toxic amount of 2,4-DNT (35 µM). Fresh weight and dry weight of transgenic plants were significantly higher than wild type (WT) under toxic 2,4-DNT at 22 °C, indicating higher growth capacity of the transgenics. Transgenic plants also showed a higher tolerance than WT when exposed to 2,4-DNT at 15 °C. Moreover, transformation rate of 2,4-DNT was gradually decreased through decreasing temperatures in WT media, however, it was increased through decreasing temperatures in transgenic plant TR3-25 media and it had the highest transformation rate (54%) of 2,4-DNT at 4 °C. Correlatively, 2,4-DNT treatment at 4 °C led to a significant decrease in H2O2 level in transgenic plants. Thus, transgenic plants overexpressing nitroreductase might have an important advantage for phytoremediation of toxic nitroaromatic compounds in field applications at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğa Selin Kayıhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Kayıhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yelda Özden Çiftçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Thijs S, Sillen W, Truyens S, Beckers B, van Hamme J, van Dillewijn P, Samyn P, Carleer R, Weyens N, Vangronsveld J. The Sycamore Maple Bacterial Culture Collection From a TNT Polluted Site Shows Novel Plant-Growth Promoting and Explosives Degrading Bacteria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1134. [PMID: 30123233 PMCID: PMC6085565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Military activities have worldwide introduced toxic explosives into the environment with considerable effects on soil and plant-associated microbiota. Fortunately, these microorganisms, and their collective metabolic activities, can be harnessed for site restoration via in situ phytoremediation. We characterized the bacterial communities inhabiting the bulk soil and rhizosphere of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in two chronically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) polluted soils. Three hundred strains were isolated, purified and characterized, a majority of which showed multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. Several isolates showed high nitroreductase enzyme activity and concurrent TNT-transformation. A 12-member bacterial consortium, comprising selected TNT-detoxifying and rhizobacterial strains, significantly enhanced TNT removal from soil compared to non-inoculated plants, increased root and shoot weight, and the plants were less stressed than the un-inoculated plants as estimated by the responses of antioxidative enzymes. The sycamore maple tree (SYCAM) culture collection is a significant resource of plant-associated strains with multiple PGP and catalytic properties, available for further genetic and phenotypic discovery and use in field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Thijs
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wouter Sillen
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sascha Truyens
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bram Beckers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jonathan van Hamme
- Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada
| | - Pieter van Dillewijn
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Pieter Samyn
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Robert Carleer
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nele Weyens
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Kuperman RG, Checkai RT, Simini M, Sunahara GI, Hawari J. Energetic contaminants inhibit plant litter decomposition in soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:32-39. [PMID: 29407735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Individual effects of nitrogen-based energetic materials (EMs) 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), nitroglycerin (NG), and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) on litter decomposition, an essential biologically-mediated soil process, were assessed using Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) straw in Sassafras sandy loam (SSL) soil, which has physicochemical characteristics that support "very high" qualitative relative bioavailability for organic chemicals. Batches of SSL soil were separately amended with individual EMs or acetone carrier control. To quantify the decomposition rates, one straw cluster was harvested from a set of randomly selected replicate containers from within each treatment, after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 months of exposure. Results showed that soil amended with 2,4-DNT or NG inhibited litter decomposition rates based on the median effective concentration (EC50) values of 1122 mg/kg and 860 mg/kg, respectively. Exposure to 2-ADNT, 4-ADNT or CL-20 amended soil did not significantly affect litter decomposition in SSL soil at ≥ 10,000 mg/kg. These ecotoxicological data will be helpful in identifying concentrations of EMs in soil that present an acceptable ecological risk for biologically-mediated soil processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G Kuperman
- US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, RDCB-DRT-M E5641, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5424, USA.
| | - Ronald T Checkai
- US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, RDCB-DRT-M E5641, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5424, USA
| | - Michael Simini
- US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, RDCB-DRT-M E5641, 5183 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5424, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Sunahara
- Dept. Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X3V9
| | - Jalal Hawari
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Département des génies civil, géologique et des mines, 2900 boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4
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10
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Kuperman RG, Minyard ML, Checkai RT, Sunahara GI, Rocheleau S, Dodard SG, Paquet L, Hawari J. Inhibition of soil microbial activity by nitrogen-based energetic materials. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2981-2990. [PMID: 28519901 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated individual toxicities of the nitrogen-based energetic materials (EMs) 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT); 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT); 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT); and nitroglycerin (NG) on microbial activity in Sassafras sandy loam (SSL) soil, which has physicochemical characteristics that support very high qualitative relative bioavailability for organic chemicals. Batches of SSL soil for basal respiration (BR) and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) assays were separately amended with individual EMs or acetone carrier control. Total microbial biomass carbon (biomass C) was determined from CO2 production increases after addition of 2500 mg/kg of glucose-water slurry to the soil. Exposure concentrations of each EM in soil were determined using US Environmental Protection Agency method 8330A. Basal respiration was the most sensitive endpoint for assessing the effects of nitroaromatic EMs on microbial activity in SSL, whereas SIR and biomass C were more sensitive endpoints for assessing the effects of NG in soil. The orders of toxicity (from greatest to least) were 4-ADNT > 2,4-DNT = 2-ADNT > NG for BR; but for SIR and biomass C, the order of toxicity was NG > 2,4-DNT > 2-ADNT = 4-ADNT. No inhibition of SIR was found up to and including the greatest concentration of each ADNT tested in SSL. These ecotoxicological data will be helpful in identifying concentrations of contaminant EMs in soil that present acceptable ecological risks for biologically mediated processes in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2981-2990. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC.This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G Kuperman
- US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ronald T Checkai
- US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Sabine G Dodard
- National Research Council of Canada, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louise Paquet
- National Research Council of Canada, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jalal Hawari
- Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Thijs S, Sillen W, Rineau F, Weyens N, Vangronsveld J. Towards an Enhanced Understanding of Plant-Microbiome Interactions to Improve Phytoremediation: Engineering the Metaorganism. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:341. [PMID: 27014254 PMCID: PMC4792885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a promising technology to clean-up contaminated soils based on the synergistic actions of plants and microorganisms. However, to become a widely accepted, and predictable remediation alternative, a deeper understanding of the plant-microbe interactions is needed. A number of studies link the success of phytoremediation to the plant-associated microbiome functioning, though whether the microbiome can exist in alternative, functional states for soil remediation, is incompletely understood. Moreover, current approaches that target the plant host, and environment separately to improve phytoremediation, potentially overlook microbial functions and properties that are part of the multiscale complexity of the plant-environment wherein biodegradation takes place. In contrast, in situ studies of phytoremediation research at the metaorganism level (host and microbiome together) are lacking. Here, we discuss a competition-driven model, based on recent evidence from the metagenomics level, and hypotheses generated by microbial community ecology, to explain the establishment of a catabolic rhizosphere microbiome in a contaminated soil. There is evidence to ground that if the host provides the right level and mix of resources (exudates) over which the microbes can compete, then a competitive catabolic and plant-growth promoting (PGP) microbiome can be selected for as long as it provides a competitive superiority in the niche. The competition-driven model indicates four strategies to interfere with the microbiome. Specifically, the rhizosphere microbiome community can be shifted using treatments that alter the host, resources, environment, and that take advantage of prioritization in inoculation. Our model and suggestions, considering the metaorganism in its natural context, would allow to gain further knowledge on the plant-microbial functions, and facilitate translation to more effective, and predictable phytotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Thijs
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeek, Belgium
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12
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Via SM, Zinnert JC. Impacts of explosive compounds on vegetation: A need for community scale investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:495-505. [PMID: 26552520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Explosive compounds are distributed heterogeneously across the globe as a result of over a century of human industrial and military activity. RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and TNT (2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene) are the most common and most abundant explosives in the environment. Vegetation exhibits numerous physiological and morphological stress responses in the presence of RDX and TNT. Varied stress responses act as physiological filters that facilitate the proliferation of tolerant species and the extirpation of intolerant species. Contaminants alter community composition as they differentially impact plants at each life stage (i.e. germination, juvenile, adult), subsequently modifying larger scale ecosystem processes. This review summarizes the current explosives-vegetation literature, focusing on RDX and TNT as these are well documented in the literature, linking our current understanding to ecological theory. A conceptual framework is provided that will aid future efforts in predicting plant community response to residual explosive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Via
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Julie C Zinnert
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Johnston EJ, Rylott EL, Beynon E, Lorenz A, Chechik V, Bruce NC. Monodehydroascorbate reductase mediates TNT toxicity in plants. Science 2015; 349:1072-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Thijs S, Weyens N, Sillen W, Gkorezis P, Carleer R, Vangronsveld J. Potential for plant growth promotion by a consortium of stress-tolerant 2,4-dinitrotoluene-degrading bacteria: isolation and characterization of a military soil. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:294-306. [PMID: 24467368 PMCID: PMC4241723 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of explosives in soils and the interaction with drought stress and nutrient limitation are among the environmental factors that severely affect plant growth on military soils. In this study, we seek to isolate and identify the cultivable bacteria of a 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) contaminated soil (DS) and an adjacent grassland soil (GS) of a military training area aiming to isolate new plant growth-promoting (PGP) and 2,4-DNT-degrading strains. Metabolic profiling revealed disturbances in Ecocarbon use in the bare DS; isolation of cultivable strains revealed a lower colony-forming-unit count and a less diverse community associated with DS in comparison with GS. New 2,4-DNT-tolerant strains were identified by selective enrichments, which were further characterized by auxanography for 2,4-DNT use, resistance to drought stress, cold, nutrient starvation and PGP features. By selecting multiple beneficial PGP and abiotic stress-resistant strains, efficient 2,4-DNT-degrading consortia were composed. After inoculation, consortium UHasselt Sofie 3 with seven members belonging to Burkholderia, Variovorax, Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Ralstonia species was capable to successfully enhance root length of Arabidopsis under 2,4-DNT stress. After 9 days, doubling of main root length was observed. Our results indicate that beneficial bacteria inhabiting a disturbed environment have the potential to improve plant growth and alleviate 2,4-DNT stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Thijs
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, B-3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Microbial Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene In Vitro and in Natural Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01083-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Erkelens M, Adetutu EM, Taha M, Tudararo-Aherobo L, Antiabong J, Provatas A, Ball AS. Sustainable remediation--the application of bioremediated soil for use in the degradation of TNT chips. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 110:69-76. [PMID: 22728982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by TNT (2,4,6 trinitrotoluene), historically used in civilian industries and the military as an explosive is of great concern due to its toxicity. Scientific studies have however shown that TNT is susceptible to microbial transformation. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of a previously bioremediated hydrocarbon contaminated soil (PBR) to increase TNT degradation rates. This was investigated by adding TNT chips to PBR and uncontaminated soils (PNC) in laboratory based studies (up to 16 weeks). Residual TNT chip analysis showed greater TNT degradation in PBR soils (70%) and significantly higher metabolic rates (4.5 fold increase in cumulative CO(2) levels) than in PNC soils (30%). Molecular analysis (PCR-DGGE-cluster analysis) showed substantial shifts in soil microbial communities associated with TNT contamination between day 0 and week 4 especially in PBR soils. Bacterial communities appeared to be more sensitive to TNT contamination than fungal communities in both soils. Quantitative PCR analysis showed ~3 fold increase in the abundance of nitroreductase genes (pnrA) in PBR soils with a gradual reduction in community evenness (Pareto-Lorenz curves) in contrast to PNC soils. These results suggest that microbial response to TNT contamination was dependent on the history of soil use. The results also confirm that the microbial potential of waste soils such as PBR soil (usually disposed of via landfill) can be successfully used for accelerated TNT chip degradation. This promotes sustainable re-use of waste soils extending the life span of landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Erkelens
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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Karnjanapiboonwong A, Mu R, Yuan Y, Shi H, Ma Y, Burken JG. Plant tissue analysis for explosive compounds in phytoremediation and phytoforensics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:2219-2229. [PMID: 22934993 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.707540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant tissue analysis methods were evaluated for six explosive compounds to assess uptake and phytoforensic methods development to quantify explosives in plant to obtain the plant data for the evaluation of explosive contamination in soil and groundwater. Four different solvent mixtures containing acetonitrile or methanol were tested at variable extraction ratios to compare the extraction efficiency for six explosive compounds: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2ADNT), and 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN), in Laurel Willow (Salix pentandra) stem and range grass Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) using LC-MS/MS. Plant tissues were spiked with 500 ng/g of explosives and extracted using ultrasonically-assisted solvent extraction. With the ratio of fresh plant mass to solvent volume of 1:20 for willow and 1:40 for big bluestem grass, results indicated that all explosives in willow except HMX were extracted at higher than 73.3% by using 20 mL of methanol, 50:50 (v/v) methanol:water, or acetonitrile, whereas HMX was extracted with the highest recovery of 61.3% by 20 mL of acetonitrile. In big bluestem grass, the most effective solvents were 20 mL of either methanol or 50:50 (v/v) methanol:water for PETN extraction with a recovery of higher than 101.2% and 20 mL of 50:50 (v/v) methanol:water for HMX, RDX, TNT, 2ADNT, and DNAN extraction with a recovery of 83.8%, 104.4%, 97.5%, 80.7%, and 108.2%, respectively. However, unlike methanol and acetonitrile, 50:50 (v/v) methanol:water provided no problem of leading or split peak in chromatogram; therefore, it was preferred in the test and performed a method validation. Results indicated that 50:50 (v/v) methanol:water provided good repeatability and recovery and method detection limits at 0.5-20 ng/g fresh weight or 8.8-61.3 ng/g dry weight. Overall, results suggested that solvent extraction efficiency of explosives in plant was influenced by plant species and solvent used, and method presented here was believed to provide the preliminary data with respect to the analysis of simultaneous explosives in plants with LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adcharee Karnjanapiboonwong
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA.
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Montgomery MT, Coffin RB, Boyd TJ, Smith JP, Walker SE, Osburn CL. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene mineralization and bacterial production rates of natural microbial assemblages from coastal sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:3673-80. [PMID: 21839558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogenous energetic constituent, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), is widely reported to be resistant to bacterial mineralization (conversion to CO(2)); however, these studies primarily involve bacterial isolates from freshwater where bacterial production is typically limited by phosphorus. This study involved six surveys of coastal waters adjacent to three biome types: temperate broadleaf, northern coniferous, and tropical. Capacity to catabolize and mineralize TNT ring carbon to CO(2) was a common feature of natural sediment assemblages from these coastal environments (ranging to 270+/-38 μg C kg(-1) d(-1)). More importantly, these mineralization rates comprised a significant proportion of total heterotrophic production. The finding that most natural assemblages surveyed from these ecosystems can mineralize TNT ring carbon to CO(2) is consistent with recent reports that assemblage components can incorporate TNT ring carbon into bacterial biomass. These data counter the widely held contention that TNT is recalcitrant to bacterial catabolism of the ring carbon in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Montgomery
- Naval Research Laboratory, Marine Biogeochemistry Section, Code 6114, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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Biodegradation and biotransformation of explosives. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:434-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lima DRS, Bezerra MLS, Neves EB, Moreira FR. Impact of ammunition and military explosives on human health and the environment. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2011; 26:101-110. [PMID: 21905453 DOI: 10.1515/reveh.2011.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature concerning the risks associated with the main xenobiotics contained in military ammunition and explosive residues and damage to human and environmental health. METHODOLOGY Using "ammunition", "military", "environmental", "health", "explosive", "metal", "TNT", "RDX", "pollution", and "contamination" as search terms, a large database, namely ISI Web of Knowledge and PubMed, was searched for studies on military ammunition and explosive residues from 1989 to 2010. Other sources used to conduct the search included the library of the Toxicology Laboratory of the Center for Workers' Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH) at the National School of Public Health. RESULTS In total, 15 different combinations were used with the search words above and 708 papers were found. Among them, 76 papers concerned this review. More than 12 references of interest were discovered in the library of the CESTEH. The results were organized into metals, dinitrotoluene, trinitrotoluene (TNT), and royal demolition explosive (RDX), showing their main uses, occurrence in the environment, the current toxic effects to human and environmental health, and remediation possibilities. CONCLUSION Because military activities can cause the acute and chronic exposure of human beings, the public administration must aim politics towards suitable environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora R S Lima
- Laboratory of Toxicology/Center for Workers' Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH)/National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Stenuit BA, Agathos SN. Microbial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation: could we learn from (bio)chemistry for bioremediation and vice versa? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:1043-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Landa P, Storchova H, Hodek J, Vankova R, Podlipna R, Marsik P, Ovesna J, Vanek T. Transferases and transporters mediate the detoxification and capacity to tolerate trinitrotoluene in Arabidopsis. Funct Integr Genomics 2010; 10:547-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-010-0176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Makris KC, Sarkar D, Datta R. Coupling indigenous biostimulation and phytoremediation for the restoration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-contaminated sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:399-403. [DOI: 10.1039/b908162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang H, Zhao JS, Hawari J. Effect of 2,4-dinitrotoluene on the anaerobic bacterial community in marine sediment. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1799-808. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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