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Khan K, Rafiq MT, Bacha AUR, Nabi I, Irshad M, Faridullah F, Younas M, Khan MD, Aziz R, Amin M, Arifeen A, Aslam S, Ahmad S, Iqbal A. Assessment of heavy metals and associated oxidative stress in occupationally exposed workers from Bannu and Karak Districts in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5915-5925. [PMID: 37184720 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01603-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) are extensively found in occupationally exposed miners and industrial workers, which may cause serious health-related problems to the large workforce. In order to evaluate the impact of these toxic pollutants, we have investigated the effect of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) concentration on exposed workers of mining, and woolen textile mill and compared the findings with unexposed individuals. From each category like exposed workers (mining, and woolen mill textile site) and unexposed individuals, 50 blood samples were taken. The occurrence of HMs in a sample was investigated through atomic absorption spectrometry while the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme statuses such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed in exposed and control samples. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) variation in Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb levels in exposed and control samples. The concentration of Cd in the blood of WMWs, KMWs, and control group was 5.75, 3.89, and 0.42 μg/dL, respectively. On the other hand, the concentration of Pb in the blood of WMWs, MWs, and control was 32.34, 24.39, and 0.39 µg/dL while the concentrations of Cr and Cu in the blood of WMWs, MWs, and control group were 11.61 and 104.14 μg/dL, 4.21 and 113.21 μg/dL, 0.32 and 65.53 μg/dL, respectively. An increase in MDA was recorded in the exposed workers' group as compared to control subjects, whereas SOD and CAT activities decreased. Meanwhile, MDA was significantly and positively (p < 0.01) correlated with HMs, while negative significant correlations were found among HMs with SOD and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleem Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Rafiq
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Iqra Nabi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Faridullah Faridullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younas
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Daud Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsanda Aziz
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir, 18000, Pakistan
| | - Awais Arifeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Aslam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Shabir Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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Surenbaatar U, Lee S, Kwon JY, Lim H, Kim JJ, Kim YH, Hong YS. Bioaccumulation of Lead, Cadmium, and Arsenic in a Mining Area and Its Associated Health Effects. TOXICS 2023; 11:519. [PMID: 37368619 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination is associated with a high potential for health issues. This study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals and its associated health impact among residents near a mining area. We performed environmental monitoring by analyzing lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) levels in soil and rice samples, as well as biomonitoring by analyzing blood and urine samples from 58 residents living near the mine. Additionally, concentration trends were investigated among 26 participants in a 2013 study. The Cd and As levels in the soil samples and Cd levels in the rice samples exceeded the criteria for concern. The geometric mean blood Cd level (2.12 μg/L) was two times higher than that in the general population aged > 40 years. The blood Cd level showed decreasing trends from the previous measurements of 4.56-2.25 μg/L, but was still higher than that in the general population. The blood and urine Cd levels were higher in those with a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than in those with normal eGFR. In conclusion, heavy metals from mining areas can accumulate in soil and rice, adversely impacting human health. Continuous environmental monitoring and biomonitoring are required to ensure the safety of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulziikhishig Surenbaatar
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Lim
- Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Jin Kim
- Department Civil-Environmental Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hun Kim
- Department Civil-Environmental Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
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Onyegeme-Okerenta BM, West LO. Potential Toxic elements in shellfish from three rivers in Niger Delta, Nigeria: bioaccumulation, dietary intake, and human health risk assessment. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2023; 38:e2023011-0. [PMID: 37933105 PMCID: PMC10628404 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health risks associated with the consumption of three shellfish (Penaeus monodon, Crassostrea rhizophorae, and Tympanostomus fuscatus) harvested from the Buguma, Krakrama, and Bonny Rivers in the Niger Delta region were evaluated in this study. The bioaccumulation of potential toxic elements (PTEs) [Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Nickel (Ni)] was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The pollution index (PPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), total hazard index (HI), target cancer risk (CR), and total cancer risk (TCR) were evaluated for potential human health risks. The bioaccumulation levels of PTEs in shellfish samples followed the order: Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd > As and were above standard recommended limits except for inorganic As levels observed in T. fuscatus and P. monodon samples from Krakrama and Bonny and C. rhizophorae from Bonny river. The EDI values for iAs, Cr, and Ni were lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI), however, the EDI of Cd for children in P. monodon (4.6E-03 mg kg-1day-1), T. fuscatus (1.7E-03 mg kg-1day-1) and C. rhizophorae (1.4E-03 mg kg-1day-1) from Buguma were higher than the TDI value (8.00E-04 mg kg-1day-1). The HI values were above 1. The total cancer risk (TCR) values of all analyzed PTEs for all the shellfish species from the rivers for children and adults ranged from 8.69E-04 to 2.47E-03 and 1.86E-03 to 5.30E-03 respectively and these were higher than the priority risk level (1E-04), hence, the need to monitor shellfish consumption in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Levi Okeinaye West
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Zhang J, Ge W, Xing C, Liu Y, Shen X, Zhao B, Chen X, Xu Y, Zhou S. Ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in selenium-rich soil with different land-use types. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023:10.1007/s10653-023-01574-z. [PMID: 37131113 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dashan Village area is one of the representative areas in China with high selenium concentration in the natural environment. A total of 133 topsoil samples have been collected in the Dashan Village area to explore the potential toxic elements (PTEs) background concentrations in soils under different land-use types for a comprehensive PTEs risk assessment (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, selenium and zinc). The results show that the geometric mean concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn found in the soil of the Dashan Village area were lower than the control standard for soil contamination risk in agricultural land. However, the geometric mean concentrations of Cd exceeded their corresponding standard values. For different land-use types, geometric mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb in the arable soils were higher than in woodland soils and tea garden soils. Based on the potential ecological risk assessment, the woodland, arable and tea garden were at low-risk levels. Cadmium posed the highest ecological risk, while the other PTEs were of low risk in soils. Multiple statistical analyses and geostatistical analysis indicated that the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn and Se originated mainly from natural sources, while the concentrations of Cd, As and Hg could be influenced by anthropogenic activities. These results provide scientific support for the safe utilization and ecological sustainability of selenium-rich land resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Ge
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Xing
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Shoubiao Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
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5
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Guzmán-Martínez F, Arranz-González JC, Tapia-Téllez A, Prazeres C, García-Martínez MJ, Jiménez-Oyola S. Assessment of potential contamination and acid drainage generation in uranium mining zones of Peña Blanca, Chihuahua, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:386. [PMID: 36764975 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potential pollution of mining environmental liabilities' locations can be preliminarily and efficiently assessed by the potential generation of acid mine drainage and indices of contamination. This research evaluates the potential pollution by potentially toxic elements at locations with uranium mining liability evidence, using the net acid generation test and determining the background values to estimate acid mine drainage and indices of contamination. Sixty soil samples were collected, and the mineralogy and potentially toxic elements' total contents were determined by x-ray diffraction and optical spectrometry. The findings suggest that the soils related to a specific lithology might not present potential acid mine drainage generation but potential soil and sediment contamination. Future research is recommended on applying leaching tests to identify which potentially toxic elements are effectively being solubilized. Finally, it can be concluded that the study area's potential contamination is relatively low overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Guzmán-Martínez
- Mexican Geological Survey (SGM), Felipe Angeles Blvd., Km. 93.50-4, 42083, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
- School of Mining and Energy, Department of Energy and Fuels, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ríos Rosas Str. 21, 28003, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Alfredo Tapia-Téllez
- Mexican Geological Survey (SGM), Felipe Angeles Blvd., Km. 93.50-4, 42083, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Cátia Prazeres
- Portuguese National Laboratory of Energy and Geology (LNEG), Mineral Resources and Geophysics Unit, Estrada da Portela Str. 999, 7586, Amadora, Portugal
| | - María-Jesús García-Martínez
- School of Mining and Energy, Department of Energy and Fuels, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ríos Rosas Str. 21, 28003, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samantha Jiménez-Oyola
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de La Tierra, Campus Gustavo Galindo km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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6
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Lermi A, Sunkari ED. Pollution and probabilistic human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the soil-water-plant system in the Bolkar mining district, Niğde, south-central Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25080-25092. [PMID: 34291409 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are regarded as an important group of pollutants for the wider environment because of their intrinsic toxicity and probable accumulation in the soil-water-plant system. In this regard, this study assessed the pollution levels and probable human health risks of PTEs in the soil-water-plant system in the Bolkar mining district of the Niğde Province in south-central Turkey. Pollution assessment using contamination factor, enrichment factor, index of geoaccumulation, and soil pollution index reveals moderate to extremely high pollution of PTEs in the soil, exposing the soils to extreme toxicity levels. The areas that fall under the toxic to extremely toxic categories are in proximity to the ore slags and agricultural lands towards the central and southern domains of the study area. The water hazard index (WHI) values indicate that 100% of the samples collected in both winter and fall seasons are of extreme toxicity (WHI > 15). Arsenic is the dominant contaminant among the PTEs in the soil and water samples. The bioconcentration factor values of the PTEs in most of the fruit plants are > 1, indicating very high levels of element transfer from the soil and water to the plants. The probabilistic human health risk assessment involved exposure to arsenic in groundwater (a major pathway to humans) since it is the only carcinogenic element in this study. The estimated daily intake of arsenic-contaminated water exceeds the safe limit of 5 × 10-8 mg/kg/day. About 33.3% and 55.6% of the groundwater samples have higher hazard quotient and carcinogenic risk values of arsenic in the winter and fall seasons, respectively. This implies that the people are more exposed to the carcinogenic effects of drinking arsenic-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Lermi
- Department of Geological Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Main Campus, 51240, Niğde, Turkey.
| | - Emmanuel Daanoba Sunkari
- Department of Geological Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Main Campus, 51240, Niğde, Turkey
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mineral Resources Technology, University of Mines and Technology, P.O. Box 237, Tarkwa, Ghana
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7
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Sorption–desorption characteristics and internal mechanism of lead ions on polycarboxylic ion exchange resin. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hussain F, Ashun E, Jung SP, Kim T, Lee SH, Kim DJ, Oh SE. A direct contact bioassay using immobilized microalgal balls to evaluate the toxicity of contaminated field soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115930. [PMID: 35994967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study used a bioassay of immobilized microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) via direct contact to assess the toxicity of eleven uncontaminated (reference) and five field contaminated soils with various physicochemical properties and contamination. Photosynthetic oxygen concentration in the headspace of the test kit by Chlorella vulgaris in the reference soils ranged between 12.93% and 14.80% and only 2.54%-7.14% in the contaminated soils, respectively. Inherent test variability (CVi) values ranged between 2.90% and 9.04%; variation due to soil natural properties (CVrs) ranged between 0.33% and 13.0%; and minimal detectable difference (MDD) values ranged from 4.69% to 11.6%. A computed toxicity threshold of 15% was established for microalgae soil toxicity tests based on calculations of the maximal tolerable inhibition (MTI). All contaminated soils were considered toxic to microalgae because their levels of inhibition ranged between 39.5% and 82.9%, exceeding the 15% toxicity threshold. It can be concluded that the elevated concentrations of heavy metals and organic contaminants in the contaminated soils induced the higher inhibitory levels. Overall, direct contact soil toxicity tests using immobilized microalgae provided coherent and repeatable data and can be utilized as a simple and suitable tool for the toxicity testing of contaminated field soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Hussain
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ebenezer Ashun
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokhee P Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonsun University, 61452, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Environmental Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology and Institute of Energy and Environment, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Qiao Y, Zhang Y, Xu S, Yue S, Zhang X, Liu M, Sun L, Jia X, Zhou Y. Multi-leveled insights into the response of the eelgrass Zostera marina L to Cu than Cd exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157057. [PMID: 35780896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass beds are recognized as critical and among the most vulnerable habitats on the planet; seagrass colonize the coastal waters where heavy metal pollution is a serious problem. In this study, the toxic effects of copper and cadmium in the eelgrass Zostera marina L. were observed at the individual, subcellular, physiologically biochemical, and molecular levels. Both Cu and Cd stress significantly inhibited the growth and the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm); and high temperature increased the degree of heavy metal damage, while low temperatures inhibited damage. The half-effect concentration (EC50) of eelgrass was 28.9 μM for Cu and 2246.8 μM for Cd, indicating Cu was much more toxic to eelgrass than Cd. The effect of Cu and Cd on photosynthesis was synergistic. After 14 days of enrichment, the concentration of Cu in leaves and roots of Z. marina was 48 and 37 times higher than that in leaf sheath, and 14 and 11 times higher than that in rhizome; and the order of Cd concentration in the organs was root > leaf > rhizome > sheath. Heavy metal uptake mainly occurred in the organelles, and Cd enrichment also occurred to a certain extent in the cytoplasm. Transcriptome results showed that a number of photosynthesis-related KEGG enrichment pathways and GO terms were significantly down-regulated under Cd stress, suggesting that the photosynthetic system of eelgrass was severely damaged at the transcriptome level, which was consistent with the significant inhibition of Fv/Fm and leaf yellowing. Under Cu stress, the genes related to glutathione metabolic pathway were significantly up-regulated, together with the increased autioxidant enzyme activity of GSH-PX. In addition, the results of recovery experiment indicated that the damage caused by short-term Cd and Cu stress under EC50 was reversible. These results provide heavy metal toxic effects at multiple levels and information relating to the heavy metal resistance strategies evolved by Z. marina to absorb and isolate heavy metals, and highlight the phytoremediation potential of this species especially for Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Qiao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Public Tech-Supporting Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoping Jia
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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10
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Liao X. Recognition method for the health risks of potentially toxic elements in a headwater catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156287. [PMID: 35636553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spatial association of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil-crop-groundwater systems is poorly recognised. In this study, the contents of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in paddy soils, rice and groundwater in the Xiancha River catchment were determined. The intrinsic effects of PTEs in soils on their spatial distribution in groundwater and rice were explored. Also, the potential sources and health risks of PTEs in multi-media were investigated. Results showed that the mean contents of As and Cd in soils were 23.86 and 0.26 mg kg-1, respectively. In groundwater, the maximum (average) content of As reached 6.55 (1.84) μg L-1. Moreover, As contents in soils and groundwater showed a sound spatial correlation (q = 0.81), and this is supported by the result of the soil column experiment, indicating homology and the strong vertical migration capacity of As. The non-homologous patterns of Pb, Cu and Cd contaminations in soil-groundwater system suggested that geogenic processes influenced the distribution of these PTEs. Cd presented a poor spatial correlation in soil-rice system, as multiple factors controlled its transfer process. Multivariate statistical analysis results demonstrated that As, Cu and Pb in soils mainly came from agricultural sources, whereas high Cd levels were from mining activities. Additionally, direct consumption of As-contaminated groundwater and Cd-contaminated rice posed significant health risks to local residents. This study, which proposes a risk recognition method used to investigate target PTEs in multi-media, may serve as a valuable reference for further research involving catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an 343000, China.
| | - Yonglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Zhou Z, Peng C, Liu X, Jiang Z, Guo Z, Xiao X. Pollution and Risk Assessments of Heavy Metal(loid)s in the Soil around Lead-Zinc Smelteries via Data Integration Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9698. [PMID: 35955055 PMCID: PMC9368718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pb-Zn smelting is a major cause of heavy metal(loid) contaminations in soils. We collected data on heavy metal(loid)s in the soils near Pb-Zn smelteries globally from 54 peer-reviewed reports to study the metals' distribution, pollution index, and potential ecological and health risks. We observed that 90% of the studied Pb-Zn smelteries were distributed in Asia and Europe. Heavy metal(loid)s were mainly deposited within a 2 km distance to the smelteries, with mean concentrations (mg/kg) of 208.3 for As, 26.6 for Cd, 191.8 for Cu, 4192.6 for Pb, and 4187.7 for Zn, respectively. Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil exceeded their corresponding upper continental crust values several hundred folds, suggesting severe contamination. The smelting area had the highest heavy metal(loid) contamination in soil, followed by the forest land, farmland, and living area. Compared with the soil environmental standard values from various countries, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were considered priority pollutants for protecting the ecosystem and human health. Likewise, As, Cd, and Pb were suggested as the priority pollutants for protecting groundwater safety. The potential ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil within 2 km of Pb-Zn smelteries were severe and should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chi Peng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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12
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Hao H, Li P, Lv Y, Chen W, Ge D. Probabilistic health risk assessment for residents exposed to potentially toxic elements near typical mining areas in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58791-58809. [PMID: 35378652 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Public health problems caused by toxic elements in mining areas have always been an important topic worldwide. However, existing studies have focused on single exposure routes and common toxic elements, which might underestimate the risks faced by residents. In this study, three typical mining areas in central China were selected to assess the health risks of 14 potentially toxic elements through five exposure routes using Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicated that the 95th percentile non-carcinogenic risk values to humans via rice and vegetable ingestion ranged from 9.8 to 26.0 and 6.2 to 19.0. The corresponding carcinogenic risks ranged from 1.4E-2 to 6.3E-2 and from 2.9E-3 to 2.3E-2, respectively. Therefore, residents face serious health risks. Multi-element analysis showed that cadmium (Cd), boron (B), and arsenic (As) were the main contributors to rice non-carcinogenicity, whereas Cd and nickel (Ni) were the main elements of rice carcinogenicity. B and lead (Pb) played an essential role in the non-carcinogenesis of vegetables, and B, Ni, and Cd played an essential role in carcinogenesis. Accidental ingestion is the main route of soil exposure. In these three areas, the probability of non-carcinogenic risk faced by adults was 40%, 0%, and 1%, respectively, while the probabilities for children were 100%, 62%, and 83%, respectively. Regarding carcinogenicity, the risk for both adults and children was up to 100%. This study emphasizes the overall health risks in polluted areas via multi-route and multi-element analysis. This conclusion is helpful to comprehensively assess the potential health risks faced by residents in mining areas and provide baseline data support and a scientific basis for formulating reasonable risk control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Hao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Li
- College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Lv
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanming Chen
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-Product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Lin G, Wang K, He X, Yang Z, Wang L. Characterization of physicochemical parameters and bioavailable heavy metals and their interactions with microbial community in arsenic-contaminated soils and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49672-49683. [PMID: 35218496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mobility and toxicity of heavy metal contamination in the environment are highly dependent on its bioavailability. Most of previous studies focused on total heavy metal contents and their influence on microbial community in soils and sediments. Little were concerned about bioavailable fractions. In the current study, soil and sediment samples were collected near an abandoned realgar mine in Shimen County, China. Bioavailable heavy metals including Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb in the samples were extracted using three-step sequential extraction method. Interactions among physicochemical parameters, total and bioavailable heavy metals, and microbial community in the collected samples were investigated. The study area has been severely contaminated by As with a concentration up to 2158 mg·kg-1 detected. The result of principal component analysis showed that the abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the soils were obviously different from those in the sediments. In the soil samples, pH made a dominant contribution on the OTU abundance of microbial community. Correlation analyses revealed that the alpha diversity indices and microbial taxon were most correlated with bioavailable fractions of heavy metals in all the samples. That means bioavailable heavy metals rather than total heavy metals or physicochemical parameters played a more important role on richness and diversity of microbial community. Little connections were observed between microbial community and As no matter total concentration or bioavailable fraction. However, bioavailable Fe and Mn were recognized as the major driving force shaping the taxonomic structure of microbial community due to their relatively high concentrations and high affinity to other heavy metal contamination in soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaoman He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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14
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Mafulul SG, Potgieter JH, Longdet IY, Okoye ZSC, Potgieter-Vermaak SS. Health Risks for a Rural Community in Bokkos, Plateau State, Nigeria, Exposed to Potentially Toxic Elements from an Abandoned Tin Mine. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 83:47-66. [PMID: 35678870 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The past mining activities in Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) were performed in an uncontrolled way and gave rise to many abandoned ponds now serving as domestic and irrigation water sources. Past research focused mainly on the environmental impact, and we show for the first time what the human health risk through consumption of contaminated food crops is in these communities. This study was designed to determine the level of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) contamination in pond water, soil, and food crops and assess the health risk of inhabitants in the abandoned tin mining community in Bokkos LGA. Samples of the mining pond water, soil, and selected food crops from farms irrigated with the pond water: bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), pepper (Piper nigrum), okra (Albelmoschus esculentus), maize (Zea mays), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) were analyzed for each of the eight PTEs (viz. Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results obtained showed that the levels of all the PTEs analyzed in the soil, pond water, and selected food crops except for Fe and Mn in soil and Cd in sweet potato were greater than their corresponding background area values (p < 0.05). Also, the mean concentrations of all the PTEs except for Cu in pond water were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the WHO maximum permissible limit. With the exception of Fe, Ni, and Zn for pepper and okra, Cu and Fe for maize grains as well as Cu, Ni, and Zn for sweet and Irish potatoes and Fe and Cd for sweet potato, the mean concentrations of PTEs in the food crops were significantly higher than WHO maximum permissible limit. The EF values of Cd (0.39); Cu (3.59) and Ni (2.81); Cr (9.38) and Pb (17.84); and Mn (178.13) and Zn (83.22) classified the soil as minimally, moderately, significantly, and extremely highly enriched, respectively. The PI values of all the PTEs in the soil studied were all greater than 5, indicating that the soils were severely contaminated. There was evidence that food crops significantly bioaccumulated PTEs either as a result of contaminated soil and/or irrigation water. The bioaccumulation was not uniform and was dominated by transfer from the polluted irrigation water. The bitter leaf, okra, and to some extent maize had the highest transfer of PTEs, and Mn, Cu, and Zn had the highest bioaccumulation in the food crops investigated. The hazardous index (HI) for the eight PTEs through the consumption of food crops was 107 for children and 33 for adults which greatly exceeded the recommended limit of 1, thus indicating that possible health risks exist for both local children and adults. For every PTE, the values of HI for children are many-fold higher than those for adults, which is of particular concern due to the high HI values for Pb found for maize consumption, a typical staple food. The cancer risk values for Cr and Ni for all the food crops were within 10-3-10-1 which is several fold higher than the permissible limits (10-6 and < 10-4) indicating the high carcinogenic risk. It can be concluded based on the results and risk assessment provided by this study that human exposure to mining pond water and soil in farms around the mining pond through the food chain suggests the high vulnerability of the local community to PTE toxicity. Long-term preventive measures to safeguard the health of the residents need to be put in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gabriel Mafulul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria.
| | - Johannes H Potgieter
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, PO Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Ishaya Yohanna Longdet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Zebulon S C Okoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Sanja S Potgieter-Vermaak
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
- Molecular Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, PO Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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15
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Yoon SJ, Hong S, Lee C, Lee J, Kim T, Lee J, Kim B, Noh J, Kwon BO, Khim JS. 10 years long-term assessment on characterizing spatiotemporal trend and source apportionment of metal(loid)s in terrestrial soils along the west coast of South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154214. [PMID: 35240181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term trends in the spatial distributions and sources of metal(loid)s in soils adjacent to the west coastal areas of South Korea have been systematically investigated for 10 years (2010-2019). Monitoring in 17 sites clearly showed site- and region-specific distributions, being associated with land use type (significant differences, as road > agriculture > wild) (P < 0.05), rather than temporal variation. The great concentrations of all metal(loid)s were found near Lake Shihwa (LS) and Geum River (GG), near the road, indicating that transportation activity was the main source of metal(loid)s contamination in soil. Especially, Cd (0.5 mg kg-1), Hg (0.04 mg kg-1), Pb (65 mg kg-1), and Zn (184 mg kg-1), related to the transportation activity near the road, showed twice greater than other land use types, on average. The concentration of metal(loid)s in each site and with the same land use type did not greatly vary over the years, with no significant annual difference (P > 0.05). The degree of metal(loid)s contamination compared to the background levels was identified in the order of Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > As>Cd > Ni > Hg, with the contaminated hotspots mostly in LS or GG. The potential ecological risk was evidenced for Cd and Hg, but such a trend was temporally irregular over the years, indicating site-specificity. The sources of metal(loid)s were carefully determined as natural (20%), fuel combustion & agricultural pollution (43%), and vehicular emissions (37%) using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. The relative contribution of each source to contamination over the last decade was found to be similar, supporting that site-dependent lesser variation in metal(loid)s contamination in the coastal areas of South Korea. Overall, the distribution of metal(loid)s in the soil near the west coastal areas over the last decade largely depended on land use activities, and contamination degree was associated with non-point sources, such as transportation and fuel combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomgi Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kiani A, Arabameri M, Moazzen M, Shariatifar N, Aeenehvand S, Khaniki GJ, Abdel-Wahhab M, Shahsavari S. Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Baby Food and Milk Powder Using ICP-OES Method. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2486-2497. [PMID: 34218415 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02808-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the concentration and health risk of trace elements in milk powder and baby food samples marketed in Iran using inductive couple plasma/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were ranged from 1.80 × 10-5 to 2.17 × 10-3 and 6.00 × 10-5 to 7.22 × 10-3 mg/kg, respectively, with recoveries ranged from 92 to 105%. Zinc (Zn) was found in a high mean concentration (8.49 × 10-1 ± 3.93 × 10-2 mg/kg) in milk powder, and iron (Fe) was found in the highest mean concentration (2.04 ± 3.61 × 10-2 mg/kg) in baby food. The Monte Carlo simulation results for the infants revealed that the rank order of the hazard quotient (HQ) index was mercury (Hg) > nickel (Ni) > arsenic (As) > cadmium (Cd) > aluminum (Al). Further, the result of non-carcinogenic and probability of carcinogenic risk was lower than the limits of safe risk (HQ > 1 and cancer risk (CR) > 1 × 10-4). In conclusion, the toxic elements content in the tested products was sufficiently low, and all of the milk powder and baby food sold in Iran could be considered safe for infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kiani
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Vice-Chancellery of Food and Drug, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Moazzen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Aeenehvand
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mosaad Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Dept, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saeed Shahsavari
- Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Hao H, Ge D, Wen Y, Lv Y, Chen W. Probabilistic health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic and some heavy metals in rice produced from a typical multi-mining county, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11510-11523. [PMID: 34537941 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact of exposure to toxic elements in rice on human health has become a global public health issue. This study analyzed the pollution characteristics and probabilistic health risks of exposure to iAs, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg in rice produced in a typical multi-mining county using Monte Carlo simulation, a geographic information system, and bioavailability analysis. The results showed that the enrichment of As and Cd was prominent in rice, with mean tAs, iAs, and Cd contents of 0.34 ± 0.20, 0.15 ± 0.09, and 0.48 ± 0.50 mg·kg-1, respectively. The probability of non-carcinogenic risk via rice consumption in adults and children exceeding the threshold was 72% and 78%, respectively, and that of carcinogenic risk was as high as 100%. Among toxic elements, Cd and iAs were the main risk factors for health risks. The high-level health-risk areas mainly occurred in the north-eastern and central parts of the study area. Sensitivity analysis highlighted that the top three influential parameters for non-carcinogenic risk in adults were Content(Cd), Content(iAs), and Bioaccessibility(Cd), whereas those in children were ingestion rate of rice, Content(Cd), and Content(iAs). The Content(Cd) was the decisive factor for carcinogenic risk, with a sensitivity coefficient of 78.0% in adults and 64.7% in children. Considering the high risk of ingestion of local rice in this area, it is imperative to place strict supervision and take control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Hao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Dabing Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulong Wen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Lv
- Risk assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanming Chen
- Risk assessment Laboratory for Environmental Factors of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Villages, Changsha, 410005, People's Republic of China
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Souffit GD, Mohamadou LL, Guembou Shouop CJ, Beyala Ateba JF. Assessment of trace elements pollution and their potential health risks in the cobalt-nickel bearing areas of Lomié, East Cameroon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:127. [PMID: 35080663 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A study of trace elements pollution in the cobalt-nickel mining area of Nkamouna-Kongo (East Region of Cameroon) and their intimation to the risk of human exposure was carried out. A large spatial variability of concentrations was observed in the geochemical analysis of the trace elements in the thirty samples investigated. Trace element pollution in the investigated samples was assessed using the Regional Screening Level calculator of Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the collected sample were analyzed using a SPECTRO XEPOS Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence analyzer (ED-XRF). The trace element concentrations in the analyzed samples followed the following order: Fe > Cr > Mn > Zr > Ni > Ba > Rb > Cu > Zn > Sr > Ga > Pb > Co > Rb > As > Sn. The averages of trace elements contamination factors followed a decreasing order:: Cr > Ni > Fe > As > Co > Cu > Zr > Ga > Pb > Mn > Zn > Y > Rb > Ba > Sn > Sr. Enrichment factor studies revealed that chromium (Cr) was severely enriched (indicating that Cr is the main element of the anthropic load) while elements such as Ni, Ba, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, and Pb were moderately enriched. The associated health risk of human exposure was investigated using the Regional Screening Level of Environmental Protection Agency. It was found out that the carcinogenic risk to the exposed population from ingestion is high (2.5E-03), while the dermal risk is moderate (7.08E-04) and the inhalation risk is low (2.50E-07). The total non-carcinogenic risk from trace elements exposure for adults (HI = 1.5) and children (HI = 1.47E + 01) indicates that non-carcinogenic effects may occur in the vicinity of the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gondji Dieu Souffit
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Research Centre for Nuclear Science and Technology, Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM), P.O. Box 4110, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Health Risk Assessment of Metals via Multi-Source Oral Exposure for Children Living in Areas with Intense Electronic Manufacturing Activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111409. [PMID: 34769926 PMCID: PMC8583640 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral ingestion is the predominant pathway of metal(loid)s exposure. In this study, the health risks of typical metal(loid)s (including Mn, As, Cr, Cd, and Pb) via multi-source, oral pathways for children aged 3-12 years, living in an area of China dominated by the electronic manufacturing industry, were studied based on the field sampling of duplicated diet, soil, and drinking water. Child-specific ingestion parameters were measured (except the soil ingestion rates, which were from a previous study of the same population), and a Monte Carlo method was applied to determine the uncertainty of the risk assessment. It was observed that children living in such environments were at risk of metal(loid)s exposure, with the accumulative carcinogenic risk exceeding the maximum acceptable level. Food intake was identified to be the primary exposure pathway. Moreover, Pb and Cr were the major risk elements to local children's health. Compared with primary school students, kindergarten children experienced a higher risk. This study highlights that high attention should be paid to children living in suburban areas dominated by the electronic manufacturing industry, and that priority should be given to studies on metal(loid)s exposure deriving from different types of food and their corresponding bioavailability, in order to further discern the precise risk sources to protect children's health.
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Chen L, Zhou S, Yang Q, Li Q, Xing D, Xiao Y, Tang C. Pb Content, Risk Level and Primary-Source Apportionment in Wheat and Rice Grains in the Lihe River Watershed, Taihu Region, Eastern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126256. [PMID: 34207823 PMCID: PMC8295996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study detailed a complete research from Lead (Pb) content level to ecological and health risk to direct- and primary-sources apportionment arising from wheat and rice grains, in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu region, East China. Ecological and health risk assessment were based on the pollution index and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health risk assessment model. A three-stage quantitative analysis program based on Pb isotope analysis to determine the relative contributions of primary sources involving (1) direct-source apportionment in grains with a two-end-member model, (2) apportionment of soil and dustfall sources using the IsoSource model, and (3) the integration of results of (1) and (2) was notedly first proposed. The results indicated that mean contents of Pb in wheat and rice grains were 0.54 and 0.45 mg/kg and both the bio-concentration factors (BCF) were <<1; the ecological risk pollution indices were 1.35 for wheat grains and 1.11 for rice grains; hazard quotient (HQ) values for adult and child indicating health risks through ingestion of grains were all <1; Coal-fired industrial sources account for up to 60% of Pb in the grains. This study provides insights into the management of grain Pb pollution and a new method for its source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Chen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Q.Y.); Tel.: +86-138-0517-1474 (S.Z.); +86-136-6891-7304 (Q.Y.)
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Q.Y.); Tel.: +86-138-0517-1474 (S.Z.); +86-136-6891-7304 (Q.Y.)
| | - Qingrong Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Dongxu Xing
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
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21
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Feng R, Zhao P, Zhu Y, Yang J, Wei X, Yang L, Liu H, Rensing C, Ding Y. Application of inorganic selenium to reduce accumulation and toxicity of heavy metals (metalloids) in plants: The main mechanisms, concerns, and risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144776. [PMID: 33545486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities such as mining, industrialization and subsequent emission of industrial waste, and agricultural practices have led to an increase in the accumulation of metal(loid)s in agricultural soils and crops, which threatens the health of people; the risk is more pronounced for individuals whose survival depends on food sources from several contaminated regions. Selenium (Se) is an element essential for the normal functioning of the human body and is a beneficial element for plants. Se deficiency in the diet is a common issue in many countries around the world, such as China and Egypt. >40 diseases are associated with Se deficiency. In practice, Se compounds have been applied through foliar sprays or via base application of fertilizers to increase Se concentration in the edible parts of crops and to satisfy the daily Se intake. Moreover, Se at low concentrations has been used to mitigate the toxicity of many metal(loid)s. In this review, we present an overview of the latest knowledge and practices with regards to the utilization of Se to reduce the uptake/toxicity of metal(loid)s in plants. We have focused on the following issues: 1) the current status of understanding the mechanisms of detoxification and uptake restriction of metal(loid)s regulated by Se; 2) the optimal dose and speciation of Se, and stage of plant growth that is optimal for application; 3) the differences in the efficiency of different application methods of Se including seed priming, base application, and foliar spray of Se fertilizers; 4) the possibility of using Se along with other methods to reduce multiple metal(loid) accumulation in crops; and 5) potential risks when Se is used to reduce metal(loid) accumulation in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- RenWei Feng
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - PingPing Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - YanMing Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - JiGang Yang
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - XinQi Wei
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - YongZhen Ding
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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22
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Influence of Mining Activities on Arsenic Concentration in Rice in Asia: A Review. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Crop and livestock farming on contaminated soil has been found to induce the accumulation of trace elements in edible parts of plants, with subsequent risk to human and animal health. Since rice crop is a major source of energy in worldwide diets and is consumed by more than 3 billion people, the soil–rice pathway is regarded as a prominent route of human exposure to potentially toxic elements. This study provides an overview of arsenic contamination in paddy rice from mining-impacted areas in several Asian countries that are primary rice consumers. From this review, it may be concluded that mining activities, along with the associated residual waste, significantly contribute to arsenic contamination of this food crop as rice samples from these regions were highly contaminated, with the highest total arsenic concentrations recorded being 3–4 times higher than the maximum levels proposed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. While the contamination in China, Korea, Indonesia, and Thailand appeared to be slightly affected by mining activities, the elevated levels of arsenic in rice from mining areas in India, Bangladesh, and Vietnam could be derived from arsenic-contaminated groundwater.
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Lu Q, Xu Z, Xu X, Liu L, Liang L, Chen Z, Dong X, Li C, Qiu G. Cadmium exposure as a key risk factor for residents in a world large-scale barite mining district, southwestern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129387. [PMID: 33387789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is easily generated during the mining and manufacturing of barium (Ba). In this study, concentrations of both Ba and Cd in rice, vegetables, pork, fish, drinking water, and soil samples from an active barite mining district were determined. Daily intakes of Ba and Cd, as well as corresponding health risks, were evaluated. The average total daily exposure doses of Cd were 0.0035 and 0.0012 mg/kg BW/day (geometric mean) in the mining zone (MZ) and the chemical plant zone (PZ), respectively. These values significantly exceed the provisional tolerable monthly intake (25 μg/kg BW/month, equal to 0.00083 mg/kg BW/day). Based on the daily exposure doses, vegetable consumption was the most significant Ba exposure route for residents, contributing around 66.1% of the total exposure. In contrast, rice consumption was the major Cd exposure pathway, accounting for about 85.6% of the total exposure. Although the geometric mean (0.17) and 95th percentile (P95, 0.75) of the total hazard quotient (HQ) for Ba were below the acceptable level (1), suggesting that there were no significant health effects caused by Ba exposure, Cd exposure was associated with significant health risks, with the geometric mean of the HQ (1.7) and the P95 (21) well above the acceptable limit (1), indicating the unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk of Cd exposure. In summary, high Cd exposure risk, rather than Ba, was observed for populations living in a large-scale active Ba mining area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhidong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longchao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Xian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
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Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052617. [PMID: 33807858 PMCID: PMC7967305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal poisoning has caused serious and widespread human tragedies via the food chain. To alleviate heavy metal pollution, particular attention should be paid to low accumulating vegetables and crops. In this study, the concentrations of five hazardous heavy metals (HMs), including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) were determined from soils, vegetables, and crops near four typical mining and smelting zones. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index (Pn), Potential ecological risk index (RI), and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to characterize the pollution degrees. The results showed that soils near mining and metal smelting zones were heavily polluted by Cu, Cd, As, and Pb. The total excessive rate followed a decreasing order of Cd (80.00%) > Cu (61.11%) > As (45.56%) > Pb (32.22%) > Cr (0.00%). Moreover, sources identification indicated that Cu, Pb, Cd, and As may originate from anthropogenic activities, while Cr may originate from parent materials. The exceeding rates of Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As were 6.7%, 6.7%, 66.7%, 80.0%, and 26.7% among the vegetable and crop species, respectively. Particularly, vegetables like tomatoes, bell peppers, white radishes, and asparagus, revealed low accumulation characteristics. In addition, the hazard index (HI) for vegetables and crops of four zones was greater than 1, revealing a higher risk to the health of local children near the mine and smelter. However, the solanaceous fruit has a low-risk index (HI), indicating that it is a potentially safe vegetable type.
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Luo Y, Duan Z, Wu Y. Risk Assessment for Oral Bioaccessibility of Lead and Cadmium in the Potato Growing in Smelter-Impacted Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:363-369. [PMID: 33439273 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smelting activities are an important source of heavy metals in soil. More seriously, oral ingestion of crops growing in contaminated soil potentially cause harmful effects on human health. The main purpose of this study is to apply the in vitro model (PBET) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MSC) to the health risk assessment process in order to more accurately and realistically evaluate health risks of residents eating contaminated potato. Results indicated in the raw and cooked potato, the bioaccessibility of Pb was 65.9% and 74.5%, and that of Cd was 79.6% and 61.7%, respectively. Additionally, the bioaccessible hazard quotient (BHQ) was less than the permitted level except for the BHQ of Pb for children. This indicated there wasn't potential non-carcinogenic risk for most potato-consumers but the dietary exposure risk for local children cannot be neglected. Sensitivity analysis showed that the bioaccessibility and ingestion rate appeared decisive with respect to potentially deleterious health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhibin Duan
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Kast Environmental Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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26
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Moon JY, Eom SY, Seo JW, Lee JE, Choi BS, Kim H, Hong YS, Chang JY, Jeon MJ, Park WJ, Sakong J, Park JD. Effects of Exposure to Lead and Cadmium on Health of Inhabitants of Abandoned Metal Mine Area in Korea. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:490-498. [PMID: 33550439 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
People living near abandoned mines are at increased risk of exposure to toxic metals. We surveyed 4500 inhabitants with the mean age of 68.5 years old (male: 1768, female: 2732) living near 104 abandoned metal mines from 2013 to 2017 (the 2nd phase health survey in Korea). We conducted personal interviews, blood and urine sampling, and analyzed the concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in whole blood and Cd in urine using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. The geometric means of blood Pb, blood Cd, and urine Cd were 2.27 μg/dL, 1.42 μg/L, and 1.66 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The level of metal exposure was lower than that reported from the first phase health survey in Korea (2008‒2011) but was higher than in the general population of Korea. Blood Pb was higher in males while blood Cd and urine Cd were significantly higher in females. Blood Pb was highest in the 40‒59 age group, while blood and urine Cd levels continuously increased until age 80 or older. The Cd levels in blood and urine were affected by consumption of locally produced rice and duration of residence near abandoned mines. Furthermore, negative correlations were observed between blood Pb and blood and urine Cd levels. Additionally, 252 of the 4500 subjects exceeded the thresholds of blood Cd or urine Cd levels. Together, these findings suggest that Cd has more sustainable and adverse health effects on the abandoned mine inhabitants, who are mostly aged. Therefore, continuous biomonitoring and risk assessment to environmental health risks are necessary for environmental pollution control and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Yong Eom
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | - Jung-Eum Lee
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Heon Kim
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | - Jun Young Chang
- National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - Won-Ju Park
- Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Joon Sakong
- College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-Duck Park
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea.
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27
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Characterization of Tailings Dams by Electrical Geophysical Methods (ERT, IP): Federico Mine (La Carolina, Southeastern Spain). MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work analyzed the effectiveness of two electrical geophysical methods in characte-rizing tailings dams. A large flotation cell used for sludge thickening in the concentration plant of the Federico Mine (closed in 1985) within the old mining district of La Carolina (southeastern Spain) was selected for this research. In addition to the direct information provided by the geology of the study area and the surface exposure of the waste deposits, information regarding the construction of this mining structure was available, which helped in the interpretations of the geophysical survey data. In this study, two geophysical surveying methods were used simultaneously: Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP). Six profiles were acquired, processed, and interpreted. The length of the profiles allowed the obtaining of data reaching maximum investigation depths ranging between 7 and 65 m. These profiles provided information for a detailed analysis of the internal characteristics of the deposited materials. The lateral and vertical observed variations are linked to different degrees of moisture content. The study also defines the geometry of the top of the bedrock and the tectonics that affect the pouring/dumping hole. Old flotation sludge has resistivity values that range between 1 and 100 Ωm (i.e., wet waste 1–30 Ωm, dry waste 30–100 Ωm), while phyllites in the rocky substrate have resistivities larger than 200 Ωm and can even reach va-lues greater than 1000 Ωm. Between the waste and unaltered phyllites, there is a supergene alteration zone (weathering) with resistivity values between 100 and 200 Ωm. The IP method was used to detect the presence of metals in the accumulated waste in the pond by analyzing the presence of large chargeability anomalies. Anomalies were detected in four of the profiles, which ranged from low (i.e., between 0 and 8 mV/V) to medium (i.e., between 8 and 18 mV/V) and high values (i.e., 18 and >30 mV/V).
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28
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Farooq MA, Hong Z, Islam F, Noor Y, Hannan F, Zhang Y, Ayyaz A, Mwamba TM, Zhou W, Song W. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of arsenic induced toxicity reveals the mechanism of multilevel coordination of efficient defense and energy metabolism in two Brassica napus cultivars. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111744. [PMID: 33396070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) a non-essential element is of particular concern with respect to harmful effects on plant metabolism. While extensive studies have been conducted on the physiological responses of plants to increase As concentrations, however, molecular differences elucidating species-specific changes remain largely unknown. In the present experiment, two oilseed Brassica napus (B. napus) cultivars, ZS758 and ZD622, were treated by elevated As concentration. Their responses to the As stress have been investigated through pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer and isobaric tags based proteomic (iTRAQ) analysis. The chlorophyll fluorescence attributes showed that As stress significantly decrease the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) as well as the comparatively closed stomata observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, 65 proteins displayed increased abundance and 52 down-regulated were found in the control vs As comparison in cultivar ZS758, while 44 up and 67 down-regulated proteins were found in the control vs As comparison in ZD622. Metabolic pathways, followed by ribosome and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the dominant functional annotation categories among the differentially expressed protein (DEPs). Many genes involved in primary metabolism, stress and defense were found to be As-responsive DEPs and/or DEPs between these two cultivars. Based on these results, a schematic description of key processes involved in As tolerance in ZS758 and ZD622 is proposed, which suggests that higher tolerance in ZS758 depends on a multilevel coordination of efficient defense and energy metabolism. Real-time quantitative PCR supported the expression patterns of several genes encoding a protein similar to their corresponding DEPs. In addition, these findings could shed light in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of B. napus exposed to As stress and provide or improve essential understandings in the development of advanced B. napus cultivars against As resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheyuan Hong
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yamna Noor
- Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Theodore M Mwamba
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjian Song
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Song T, Das D, Hu Q, Yang F, Zhang J. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation and phosphorus rates affect grain yield and quality and heavy metal accumulation in rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141862. [PMID: 32889281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation was reported to increase rice root activity and element bioavailability, which results in enhanced heavy metal (HM) absorption and this HM ends up in rice grains. HM uptake was also affected by the levels of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application. HMs enter food chain via consumption of rice grains and cause health problems. In this study, we compared the differences in grain yield, grain quality, water use efficiency (WUE), partial factor productivity of applied P (PFPp), HM contents in different tissues and transfer coefficient (TC) of HMs under a combination of treatments involving two irrigation regimes (continuous flooding (CF) and AWD irrigation) and three P fertilizer application levels (0.4 g P2O5/kg soil, HP; 0.2 g P2O5/kg soil, MP; 0 g P2O5/kg soil, LP). Compared to CF, AWD irrigation increased grain yield (without reducing grain quality), decreased irrigation water use and the number of irrigation events needed and improved WUE and PFPp at all three P fertilizer application levels, while the accumulation of HMs in grains increased when more P was applied. This accumulation of HMs in grains thus requires immediate attention to the level of P fertilizer application and its optimization in water-saving AWD irrigation to minimize grain HM content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Debatosh Das
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qijuan Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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30
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Punia A. Role of temperature, wind, and precipitation in heavy metal contamination at copper mines: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4056-4072. [PMID: 33188519 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for minerals pressurizing the mining authorities to extract low-grade ore results in more mining waste and degradation of the environment. The main aim of review was to understand the role of climatic factors (temperature, wind, and precipitation) in dispersal and mobility of heavy metals in soil, water, and vegetation in Cu mining region. The major source of contamination in the mining sector is tailings, overburden rocks, and abandoned mines. The contaminates or fine particles of sulfide-rich mining waste follow two major pathways for the dispersal: aerial and leaching. Sulfides on exposure to oxygen and water generate acid mine drainage which results in leaching of heavy metals. The pit water of abandoned mines is also a cause of concern which contaminates the groundwater resources. Climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation, and wind significantly influence the paths of contaminate dispersal. In arid/semi-arid regions, high temperature forms fine-grained efflorescence salts on tailings or exposed surficial mines which are carried away by strong winds/water and contaminates the surroundings. In wet regions, the leaching of heavy metals from both tailings and overburden rocks sulfides results in environmental contamination. The application of impermeable layers is highly recommended. The climatic factors (temperature, wind, and precipitation) significantly control the dispersal and mobility of heavy metals in Cu mining region. The implementation of waste management policies and pollution control technologies is recommended after considering the climatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Punia
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Rossini-Oliva S, Abreu MM, Santos ES, Leidi EO. Soil-plant system and potential human health risk of Chinese cabbage and oregano growing in soils from Mn- and Fe-abandoned mines: microcosm assay. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:4073-4086. [PMID: 31953626 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Portugal, many abandoned mines are often close to agricultural areas and might be used for plant food cultivation. Soils in the vicinity of two Mn- and Fe-abandoned mines (Ferragudo and Rosalgar, SW of Portugal) were collected to cultivate two different food species (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt and Origanum vulgare L.). Chemical characterization of the soil-plant system and potential risk of adverse effects for human health posed by plants associated with soil contamination, based on the estimation of hazard quotient (HQ), were assessed in a microcosm assay under greenhouse conditions. In both soils, the average total concentrations of Fe and Mn were above the normal values for soils in the region and their concentration in shoots of both species was very high. Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis grew better in Ferragudo than in Rosalgar soils, and it behaved as an excluder of Cu, Mn, Fe, S and Zn in both soils. The HQ for Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the studied species grown on both soils was lower than unit indicating that its consumption is safe. The high Mn tolerance found in both species might be due in part to the high contents of Fe in the soil available fraction that might contribute to an antagonism effect in the uptake and translocation of Mn. The obtained results emphasize the need of further studies with different food crops before cultivation in the studied soils to assess health risks associated with high metal intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossini-Oliva
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes S/N, 41080, Seville, Spain.
| | - M M Abreu
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E S Santos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E O Leidi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales Y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
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Guzmán-Martínez F, Arranz-González JC, Ortega MF, García-Martínez MJ, Rodríguez-Gómez V. A new ranking scale for assessing leaching potential pollution from abandoned mining wastes based on the Mexican official leaching test. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111139. [PMID: 32768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) present in abandoned mining wastes (AMW) are of great concern because of potential risks to human health and ecosystems. Indices of contamination (IC) applied to mining wastes are calculated using the total concentration of PTEs and comparing them with regional geochemical backgrounds. However, determining the total content of heavy metals is insufficient to assess the hazard of mining wastes. Therefore, in addition to total concentration, the potential risk is also evaluated through water mobility of elements. Accordingly, leaching procedures are useful tools for the geochemical characterization of soluble constituents that are mobilized. In this study, the solubility of PTEs from different types of mining wastes is comparatively assessed using three standard leaching methods (European; U.S. Geological Survey and; Mexican). The Hazard Average Quotient (HAQ) was calculated to assess the potential Toxicity Factor (TF). TF is an indicator of the relative potential toxicity of wastes and is the basis for the classification of AMW. A comparative assessment provides evidence that there are no statistically significant differences in PTEs solubility by the three leaching methods and it was also found that the pH of the eluates was dictated by the type of waste. Results suggest that the IC gives an indicator of the potential contamination of soils and sediments by erosive processes, or a long-term measure, whereas TF assesses the possibility of contaminating water in the short term. The most significant finding is the new ranking scale of TF, as a function of HAQ, applied to the Mexican standard leaching test. This factor, together with other considerations relating to risk-generating processes, might then be applied in places having large amounts of recorded AMW, such as the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America, where effective management is required to rank sites, based on preliminary environmental and human risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Guzmán-Martínez
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Ríos Rosas, 21, 28003, Madrid, Spain; Mexican Geological Survey, Boulevard Felipe Angeles Km. 93.50-4, 42083, Pachuca, Mexico.
| | | | - Marcelo F Ortega
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Ríos Rosas, 21, 28003, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús García-Martínez
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Ríos Rosas, 21, 28003, Madrid, Spain
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Hadjipanagiotou C, Christou A, Zissimos AM, Chatzitheodoridis E, Varnavas SP. Contamination of stream waters, sediments, and agricultural soil in the surroundings of an abandoned copper mine by potentially toxic elements and associated environmental and potential human health-derived risks: a case study from Agrokipia, Cyprus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41279-41298. [PMID: 32681336 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abandoned mining areas have left a legacy of environmental damage with potential public health implications. The present study aimed at (1) assessing the level of contamination of the sites surrounding the Agrokipia abandoned copper mine in Cyprus through the mobilization of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), (2) correlating results with the mineralogy of the area, (3) discussing potential ecological and human health risks, and (4) proposing regeneration strategies. To this effect, the levels of 22 PTEs and other major elements were assessed in the acidic water of pit lakes, the tailings, the waters, and sediments of several streams originating from the mining site and flowing through the village of Agrokipia, and from agricultural soil from an impacted adjacent olive orchard. The pH values of water (pH < 2.7) in the pit lakes uncovered the acidic and oxidizing conditions that prevailed in the area. The acidity and the examined PTE concentrations in stream waters followed a decreasing trend with increasing distance from the tailing, reaching background values in a distance of 1500 m. The tailing spoil-heap was significantly enriched with Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ag (e.g., enrichment factor values up to 29 for Cu and 120 for Ag). Stream sediments and agricultural soil were contaminated with PTEs (mainly Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ag, and Li), as evident by several contamination indices (i.e., enrichment and contamination factor). The level of contamination was correlated with the reported mineralogy of the site. The values of the degree of contamination (Cdeg = 62) and pollution load index (PLI = 2.4) indicated contamination of the sediments of the Voulgarides stream flowing through the village, suggesting potential public health implications to the local community. In addition, the values of the ecological risk factor suggested that the studied streams pose moderate ecological risks, mainly mediated by Cd and Cu. Overall, the results highlighted the need for undertaking regeneration measures for safeguarding environmental sustainability and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Hadjipanagiotou
- Department of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 27658, 2432, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Geology, Laboratory of Applied Geochemistry, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 22016, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Andreas M Zissimos
- Geological Survey Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 24543, 1301, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elias Chatzitheodoridis
- School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Geological Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, GR-15780, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Soterios P Varnavas
- Department of Geology, Laboratory of Applied Geochemistry, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
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Xiao Y, Guo M, Li X, Luo X, Pan R, Ouyang T. Spatial distribution, pollution, and health risk assessment of heavy metal in agricultural surface soil for the Guangzhou-Foshan urban zone, South China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239563. [PMID: 33031419 PMCID: PMC7544098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil and its impact on human health have been becoming one of the most important global environmental problems. In this research, heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni, As, Hg) concentrations were measured for four hundred and two soil samples collected from agricultural area within the Guangzhou-Foshan urban zone. Soil heavy metal pollution was evaluated used geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The dose response model proposed by the USEPA was used to estimate the potential health risk caused by heavy metals in agricultural soil. The results showed that: 1) Cd and Hg were the main heavy metal pollutants in agricultural soil of the study area. 89.1% and 93.3% of total soil samples suffered medium to heavy potential ecological risk caused by Cd and Hg, respectively. 2) The THI and TCR were respectively greater than 1.0 and 1.0×10-4, indicating that heavy metals in agricultural soil were likely to constitute non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, both of which were mainly brought by product consumption, to the public in the study area. The non-carcinogenic risks were mainly caused by Cr and As, while the carcinogenic risks were mainly from Cr, Cd, and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyan Guo
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xixiang Luo
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruikang Pan
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingping Ouyang
- School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Khanam T, Eqani SAMAS, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Yang J, Sadiq M, Rasheed H, Shen H. Urinary profiles of selected metals and arsenic and their exposure pathway analysis in four large floodplains of Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139586. [PMID: 32526565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In context of fragile geological conditions and rapid urbanization, element exposure via dietary (food, water) and non-dietary (dust, soil) routes into human population at different land use settings is a major concern in the Indus floodplains (FPs) of Pakistan. In current study, several important trace elements including arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were analyzed in the paired human urine, food, water and dust samples collected from main FPs of Pakistan. Daily intake estimation and regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationships between internal exposure, exposure routes of studied trace elements and different land use settings. High concentrations of urinary As, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Cd were detected in the general male population of the studied floodplains (FPs). Moreover, the levels (μg/L) of urinary As increased gradually from FP1 (12.8), FP2 (18), FP3 (61) to FP4 (71). Regression analysis showed that As contaminated water was correlated with elevated urinary As concentrations in FP3 and FP4, and water Cr and Mn was significantly associated with urinary Cr and Mn concentrations in FP2. Moreover, the associations of food Mn and urinary Mn were found in FP1. Over all, cumulative estimated daily intake (EDI) values from water, dust and food from all the flood plains showed that Mn had the highest values (6.6, 9.2, 14.4 μg/kg/day) followed by water As (1.98 μg/kg/day), dust Cu (1.5 μg/kg/day) and Pb (1.7 μg/kg/day). Studied floodplains were moderately to highly polluted in terms of studied trace elements (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Cd) contamination especially in FP3 and FP4. The results will contribute to improve the knowledge and information on current exposure of Pakistani male adults to the different contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasawar Khanam
- Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | | | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
| | - Muhammad Sadiq
- Ecohealth and Toxicology Lab, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hifza Rasheed
- National Water Quality Laboratory, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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Luo X, Ren B, Hursthouse AS, Thacker JRM, Wang Z. Soil from an Abandoned Manganese Mining Area (Hunan, China): Significance of Health Risk from Potentially Toxic Element Pollution and Its Spatial Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186554. [PMID: 32916867 PMCID: PMC7558159 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the significance and potential impact of potentially toxic element (PTE) (i.e., Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni) pollution in the surface soil from an abandoned manganese mining area in Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, China, on the health of residents. The risks were sequentially evaluated using a series of protocols including: the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), and implications for human health from external exposures using the hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results revealed that Mn and Cd were the major pollutants in the soil samples. The ecological risk assessment identified moderate risks, which were mainly derived from Cd (82.91%). The results of the health risk assessment revealed that generally across the area, the non-carcinogenic risk was insignificant, and the carcinogenic risk was at an acceptable level. However, due to local spatial fluctuation, some of the sites presented a non-carcinogenic risk to children. The soil ingestion pathway is the main route of exposure through both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, with Mn being the major contributor to non-carcinogenic risk, with Cr and Cd the major contributors to carcinogenic risk. In addition, three pollution sources were identified through the Pearson correlation coefficient and principal component analysis (PCA), which included: a. mining activities and emissions from related transportation; b. natural background; c. agricultural management practices and municipal sewage discharge. The study provides information on the effects of spatial variation for the development of the abandoned mining areas and a useful approach to the prioritization of locations for the development and utilization of soil in these areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan 411201, China; (X.L.); (A.S.H.); (Z.W.)
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Bozhi Ren
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan 411201, China; (X.L.); (A.S.H.); (Z.W.)
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-8742-7077; Fax: +86-0731-5829-0182
| | - Andrew S. Hursthouse
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan 411201, China; (X.L.); (A.S.H.); (Z.W.)
- School of Computing Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Jonathan R. M. Thacker
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
| | - Zhenghua Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan 411201, China; (X.L.); (A.S.H.); (Z.W.)
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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Suwatvitayakorn P, Ko MS, Kim KW, Chanpiwat P. Human health risk assessment of cadmium exposure through rice consumption in cadmium-contaminated areas of the Mae Tao sub-district, Tak, Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2331-2344. [PMID: 31502116 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mae Tao sub-district is located in the Mae Tao watershed, an important cadmium (Cd)-contaminated area in Thailand. This study was conducted to (i) determine Cd concentrations in rice collected from households in the area, (ii) assess the Cd exposure and potential health risk (HQ) from rice consumption in local adults and (iii) investigate how the factors of individual characteristics and consumption behavior affect the level of HQ. A total of 159 rice samples were collected from households in all 6 villages of the Mae Tao sub-district for analysis of Cd by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Biodata information and rice consumption behavior were surveyed from local residents at the same time as rice sample collection. Approximately 19.8% and 19.1% of white rice and sticky rice, respectively, contained total Cd higher than the Codex maximum standard of Cd in rice (0.4 mg kg-1). Locally grown rice contained an average of 1.5 times more Cd than retail rice. Cd exposure from consuming only sticky rice was the highest (2.26 × 10-3 mg kg-1 day-1), followed by the consumption of both types of rice (1.39 × 10-3 mg kg-1 day-1) and the consumption of only white jasmine rice (6.30 × 10-4 mg kg-1 day-1). The highest and lowest average HQ values were found in the only sticky rice consumption pattern (2.263) and the only white rice consumption pattern (0.630), respectively. The potential health risk from Cd in each rice consumption pattern was mainly influenced by the total Cd concentration in rice and the rice ingestion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parin Suwatvitayakorn
- Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management (Interdisciplinary Program), Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Myoung-Soo Ko
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwondo, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woong Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Penradee Chanpiwat
- Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Research Program of Toxic Substance Management in the Mining Industry, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Research Unit of Green Mining Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Jiang F, Ren B, Hursthouse A, Deng R. Evaluating health risk indicators for PTE exposure in the food chain: evidence from a thallium mine area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23686-23694. [PMID: 32291644 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) has a high relative toxicity and is easily taken up by plants, but little is known about wider relationship with co-contaminants and in typical domestic food crops. We evaluated the extent of contamination, evidence for bioaccumulation in typical food crops (Chinese cabbage, green cabbage, chili, carrot, corn and rice), and subsequent contribution to health risks for 7 elements (Tl, As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn) associated with soil contamination in the local soils of a major Tl mine in Guizhou, southwest China. Derivation of relevant risk indicators from the bioconcentration factor (BCF), comprehensive crop pollution index (P), the target hazard quotient (THQ) (element), and the hazard index (HI) (all elements) were assessed as tools to support the evaluation. Our results showed that the degree of contamination and uptake by crops in the study area were: root vegetables > leaf vegetables > fruit vegetables > cereals. With the exception of corn, other crops pose a significant risk to human health which is dominated by the Tl content. In addition, the Cu in carrot samples suggests hyperaccumulation at the site and poses a high risk to human health. The results provide direct evidence of significant food chain exposure and identifies the need for Tl-focused management of soil/plant interaction and that strategy needs to also understand the implications for behavior of co-contaminants in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan, 411201, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Bozhi Ren
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China.
| | - Andrew Hursthouse
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan, 411201, China
- Computing Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Renjian Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploitation, Xiangtan, 411201, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
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Sun Z, Hu Y, Cheng H. Public health risk of toxic metal(loid) pollution to the population living near an abandoned small-scale polymetallic mine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137434. [PMID: 32105926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small-scale mining activities in many developing countries have caused severe environmental issues to the surrounding areas, which ultimately threatened the health of local populations. Based on detailed characterization of the local drinking water and surface soil, as well as foodstuffs, this study comprehensively assessed the public health risk of toxic metal(loid)s to the population living in three villages surrounding an abandoned small-scale polymetallic mine in southern China. The agricultural soils contained elevated levels of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb, which originated from the mining district, and as expected, the locally cultivated rice and vegetables were contaminated by As, Cd, and Pb to varying extents. Arsenic occurred in both inorganic and organic forms in the rice and vegetables, with inorganic As (i-As) accounting for 82.2% (45.4-100%) and 94.7% (65.2-100%) of the total As contents in rice and vegetables, respectively. Results of health risk assessment indicate that the residents in the impacted villages had serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. Dietary exposure to i-As and Cd through rice and vegetable consumption was the primary cause of non-carcinogenic risk, while i-As intake was the dominant contributor of carcinogenic risk. These findings suggest that significant environmental pollution by toxic metal(loid)s could result from small-scale metal mines, even after being abandoned, and the accumulation of the toxic metal(loid)s in food crops could pose significant health risk to the local residents. Immediate actions should be taken to discourage them from consuming the locally produced food crops, while long-term control measures for containment of toxic metal(loid) pollution are being developed, and high priority should be given to the remediation of Cd and As in the contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanan Hu
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Dogra N, Sharma M, Sharma A, Keshavarzi A, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK, Kumar V. Pollution assessment and spatial distribution of roadside agricultural soils: a case study from India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:146-159. [PMID: 30784304 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1578865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work studied the pH, organic carbon, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and heavy metals Cu, Cr, Co and Pb in roadside agricultural soils of Jalandhar environs of Punjab, India. A total of 120 samples in triplicates were collected from different sites for assessment of heavy metal pollution. The mean values of Cu, Cr, Co and Pb were found below the permissible limits of Indian and Swedish soil limits. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that heavy metals have different sources of origin. The results of contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), degree of contamination (Cd) and potential ecological risk index (RI) showed low contamination and ecological risks of heavy metals in roadside agricultural soils, respectively. The maps of spatial analysis indicated that northern region of the study area is more polluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naman Dogra
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Manik Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ali Keshavarzi
- Laboratory of Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thukral
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
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Bae JW, Seo HB, Belkin S, Gu MB. An optical detection module-based biosensor using fortified bacterial beads for soil toxicity assessment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3373-3381. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Ahamad MI, Song J, Sun H, Wang X, Mehmood MS, Sajid M, Su P, Khan AJ. Contamination Level, Ecological Risk, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Hyporheic Zone of the Weihe River, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031070. [PMID: 32046204 PMCID: PMC7037357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sediment pollution caused by different metals has attracted a great deal of attention because of the toxicity, persistence, and bio-accumulation. This study focuses on heavy metals in the hyporheic sediment of the Weihe River, China. Contamination levels of metals were examined by using "geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, and contamination factor" while ecological risk of metals were determined by "potential ecological risk and risk index." The pollutant accumulation of metals ranked as follows: "manganese (Mn) > chromium (Cr) > zinc (Zn) >copper (Cu) > nickel (Ni) > arsenic (As) > lead (Pb)". The geo-accumulation index identified arsenic as class 1 (uncontaminated to moderate contamination), whereas Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Mn were classified as class 0 (uncontaminated). According to the enrichment factor, arsenic originated through anthropogenic activities and Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were mainly controlled by natural sources. The contamination factor elucidated that sediments were moderately polluted by (As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Pb), whereas Ni slightly contaminated the sediments of the Weihe River. All metals posed a low ecological risk in the study area. The risk index revealed that contribution of arsenic (53.43 %) was higher than half of the total risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Ahamad
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Jinxi Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8830-8596
| | - Haotian Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Muhammad Sajid Mehmood
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ping Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Asif Jamal Khan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China; (M.I.A.); (H.S.); (X.W.); (M.S.M.); (P.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Institute of Qinling Mountains, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
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43
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Baltas H, Sirin M, Gökbayrak E, Ozcelik AE. A case study on pollution and a human health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils around Sinop province, Turkey. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125015. [PMID: 31606003 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the concentration levels of heavy metals such as Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb in soil samples collected from 88 sampling locations around Sinop Province, Turkey were measured using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF). To interpret and to evaluate the pollution status and distribution of heavy metals in soil, metal pollution parameters such as enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) and geo-spatial distribution patterns were used. The mean concentrations of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb were found to be 194.73, 39,848.57, 85.02, 43.19, 65.10, 5.66, and 17.01 mg/kg, respectively. Results indicated that the mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, As, and Pb exceeded the world crustal average, with the exception of Fe, Cu, and As. Multivariate analysis results showed that Cr, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb levels in the investigated region were highly influenced by anthropogenic inputs such as agricultural practices. According to the health risk assessment model introduced by USEPA to evaluate the human health risks, the non-carcinogenic risk for children was above the threshold level, but low for adults. Total potential carcinogenic health risks for both children and adults in the study area were in acceptable range. Overall, when health risks are evaluated, it shows that children are more susceptible to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effects of trace metals compared to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Baltas
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Murat Sirin
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, 53100, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Emre Gökbayrak
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ali Erdem Ozcelik
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geomatics Engineering, 53100, Rize, Turkey
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44
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The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in eggs: A global systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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45
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Lee G, Suonan Z, Kim SH, Hwang DW, Lee KS. Heavy metal accumulation and phytoremediation potential by transplants of the seagrass Zostera marina in the polluted bay systems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110509. [PMID: 31421565 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Although seagrasses can incorporate heavy metals from the marine environment, few studies have been conducted on heavy metal uptake and phytoremediation potential by seagrass transplants in the heavy metal contaminated sediments. Zostera marina shoots were transplanted in two polluted bay systems on Korean coasts to evaluate the heavy metal contaminations in sediments and the possibility of using Z. marina transplants as a bioindicator and phytoremediation agent. The major concentrated metals in sediments were As, Cu, Fe, and Pb in Jaran Bay, and Cd, Co, Zn, and Hg in Onsan Bay. The Co, Zn, Pb, and Hg concentrations in Z. marina tissues reflected the sediment heavy metal concentrations, and thus the tissue heavy metal concentrations may be used as bio-indicators of the metal contaminations. Since Z. marina transplants accumulated a great amount of heavy metals in their tissues, they may have the phytoremediation potential for the heavy metal contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhaxi Suonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woon Hwang
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Seop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Saedpanah S, Amanollahi J. Environmental pollution and geo-ecological risk assessment of the Qhorveh mining area in western Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:811-820. [PMID: 31344542 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of mining activity on the environment of the Qhorveh mining area in the west of Iran, the geological, ecological and environmental data, related to social development and regional economic status, were used. The geological data included seven sub-indices, such as vegetation coverage, land utilization type, and fault activity; ecological data, with two sub-indices, such as degree of ecological environment recovery; and finally, environmental data, with three sub-indices, such as soil and dust pollutions. These were selected based on the literature and expert opinion which were utilized for environmental pollution and geo-ecological (EPGE) risk assessment of the study site. Remote sensing (RS) image, field sampling, digital elevation map, and data retrieved from different government agencies were used to generate layers for the sub-indices in the geographic information system (GIS) environment. In addition, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to determine the weight of sub-indices. Five levels consisting of best, good, middle, poor and worst were used to describe the EPGE risk assessment of the Qhorveh mining area. Results showed that worst and poor levels of EPGE risk are in the east and northeast of the study area where the gold and pumice mines are located while best and good levels of EPGE risk are in its center where the stone mines are located. According to the results of this research, the EPGE risk assessment of the Qhorveh mining area is affected by the environmental pollution index with its highest weight (0.3908). It can be concluded that the integration of the RS, GIS and AHP methods proposed in this study improved the evaluation quality of EPGE risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Saedpanah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jamil Amanollahi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
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47
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Keshavarzi A, Kumar V. Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils of Northeastern Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:544-560. [PMID: 30525957 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1555638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work was designed to study the pH, sand, silt, clay, lime, organic carbon (OC), cation exchange capacity and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) in agricultural soils of Mashhad plain, Northeastern Iran. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that OC influenced the retention of Cu and Mn in both surface and subsurface agricultural soil samples. The results of contamination factor, pollution index and potential ecological risk (RI) indicated low pollution of Mn, Zn and Cu in the agricultural soil samples. The enrichment factor showed very high enrichment of heavy metals in surface (88.1%) and subsurface (79.1%) agricultural soil samples. The geoaccumulation index also indicated very high contamination of heavy metals in surface (87.5%) and subsurface (82.6%) soil samples. The modified potential ecological risk (MRI) showed 37.5% ecological risk in surface, and 32.5% ecological risk in subsurface soil samples of Mashhad plain, Northeastern Iran. Abbreviation: Fe: Iron; Mn: Manganese; Cu: Copper; Zn: Zinc; PCA: Principal component analysis; CA: Cluster analysis; CF: Contamination factor; EF: Enrichment factor; Igeo: Geoaccumulation index; PI: Pollution index; MPI: Modified pollution index; RI: Potential ecological risk index; MRI: Modified potential ecological risk index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Keshavarzi
- a Laboratory of Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran , Karaj , Iran
| | - Vinod Kumar
- b Department of Botany, DAV University , Jalandhar , India
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48
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Guo G, Zhang D, Wang Y. Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Intake via Vegetable Consumption around Pb/Zn Smelters in Southwest China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183267. [PMID: 31491979 PMCID: PMC6765770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable contamination in mining and smelting areas has resulted in high dietary intakes of heavy metals, which pose potential health risks to local residents. In this study, paired soil-vegetable samples were collected around Pb/Zn smelters in Southwest China. Probabilistic risks to local residents via vegetable consumption were evaluated with a Monte Carlo simulation. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soils were 116.76, 3.59, 158.56, 196.96, and 236.74 mg/kg, respectively. About 38.18%, 58.49%, and 52.83% of the vegetable samples exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively. The daily dietary intake of As, Cd, and Pb exceeded the provisional tolerable daily intakes for local residents, with children showing the highest intake via vegetable consumption. The percentages of the target hazard quotients of As, Cd, and Pb for local residents exceeding the safe value of one were about 95%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. The 95th percentiles of the hazard index for children, adolescents, and adults were 15.71, 11.15, and 9.34, respectively, indicating significant risks to local residents, especially children. These results highlight a need to develop effective strategies to reduce heavy metal contamination and exposure to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Degang Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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49
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Huang Y, Chen H, Reinfelder JR, Liang X, Sun C, Liu C, Li F, Yi J. A transcriptomic (RNA-seq) analysis of genes responsive to both cadmium and arsenic stress in rice root. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:445-460. [PMID: 30802660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are nonessential and toxic elements in rice that often occur together in contaminated paddy field soils. To understand whether rice has a common molecular response mechanism against Cd and As toxicity, 30-day seedlings (Oryza sativa L. indica) were exposed separately to Cd and As3+ in hydroponic cultures for up to 7 days. Root transcriptomic analysis of plants exposed to Cd and As for 3 days revealed that a total of 2224 genes in rice roots responded to Cd stress, while 1503 genes responded to As stress. Of these, 841 genes responded to both stressors. The genes in common to Cd and As stress were associated with redox control, stress response, transcriptional regulation, transmembrane transport, signal transduction, as well as biosynthesis and metabolism of macromolecules and sulfur compounds. In plants exposed to Cd and As separately or in combination for 3 and 7 days, qRT-PCR verification revealed that the glutathione metabolism associated gene Os09g0367700 was significantly up-regulated with respect to unexposed controls and had a positive synergistic effect under combined Cd and As stress. In addition, the redox control related genes Os06g0216000, Os07g0638300 and Os01g0294500, the glutathione metabolism related gene Os01g0530900, the cell wall biogenesis related genes Os05g0247800, Os11g0592000 and Os03g0416200, the expression regulation related genes Os07g0597200 and Os02g0168200, and the transmembrane transport related genes Os04g0524500, also varied significantly with respect to an unexposed control and displayed synergistic effects after 7 days of simultaneous exposure to Cd and As. Our identification of a novel set of genes in rice which responded to both Cd and As3+ stress may be of value in mitigating the toxicity of co-contaminated soils. These results also provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in response to multi-metal/loids stress, and may be used in the genetic improvement of rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqiong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - John R Reinfelder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongjun Sun
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanping Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jicai Yi
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Hu B, Shao S, Fu Z, Li Y, Ni H, Chen S, Zhou Y, Jin B, Shi Z. Identifying heavy metal pollution hot spots in soil-rice systems: A case study in South of Yangtze River Delta, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:614-625. [PMID: 30580216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The soil-rice system in China is subjected to increasing concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) which derived from various sources. It is very critical to investigate the concentrations, spatial characteristics and hot spots of HMs content in the soil-rice system. This study presents work completed on 915 soil-rice sample pairs collected from South of Yangtze River Delta, China. These samples were evaluated for HM concentrations. Ordinary Kriging and the Getis-Ord index were used to explore spatial distributions and pollution hot spots. Averaged HMs content in soil is shown to be Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > As > Hg > Cd, and concentrations in rice arrange as Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > As > Cd > Pb > Hg. Compared with Chinese maximum permissible limits, mean content of all HMs in farmland soil are at safe levels and averaged content of all HMs in rice were also at safe levels except As and Ni. Ni was most polluted HM in soil Most of and showed relatively high content in farmland soil in southeastern part. As and Ni are the most polluted in rice, with highest content distributed in the northwestern and southern area, respectively. The majority of HMs pollution hot spots in soil clustered in the central area. Pollution hot spots of Ni and As in rice are mainly concentrated in the central part and southeastern part, correspondingly. Our results found a weak link between content and spatial pattern of pollution status of HMs in soil and rice. The results are anticipated to contribute to more efficient and accurate control of HMs pollution in soil-rice system, and assist decision-makers achieve a balance between cost and regulation of HM pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifeng Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Unité de Recherche en Science du Sol, INRA, Orléans 45075, France; InfoSol, INRA, US 1106, Orléans F-4075, France.
| | - Shuai Shao
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyi Fu
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Land Science and Property, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Ni
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songchao Chen
- InfoSol, INRA, US 1106, Orléans F-4075, France; Unité Mixte de Rercherche (UMR) Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes 35042, France
| | - Yin Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Land Science and Property, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Jin
- Ningbo Agricultural Food Safety Management Station, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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