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Nakadera M, Endo W, Oi N, Yagita A, Tanaka R, Izuta T, Watanabe M. Differences of stomatal ozone uptake in leaves of mature trees and seedlings of Zelkova serrata. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119673. [PMID: 39067803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Ozone uptake through the stomata in tree leaves is an important process for improving air quality by urban trees. Stomatal conductance (gs) is a key determinant of stomatal ozone uptake. The parameterization of gs models for estimating stomatal ozone uptake of trees has mainly been carried out using gs data measured in seedling leaves although the leaf traits may differ between mature trees and seedlings. In the present study, we compared stomatal ozone uptake estimated by gs models parameterised with data from mature trees and seedlings of Zelkova serrata. We measured gs in leaves of mature trees and seedlings of Z. serrata using a leaf porometer for 3-4 growing seasons. The Jarvis-type gs model was parameterised with data from mature trees and seedlings, separately. The maximum gs, and the functions of the seedling gs estimation model regarding the response to air temperature, vapour pressure deficit and atmospheric ozone concentration were the factors inducing lower stomatal ozone uptake. In contrast, the function of the seedling gs estimation model regarding the response to irradiance resulted in a higher estimated stomatal ozone uptake. The estimated stomatal ozone uptake for one growing season (April-September) by the seedling gs estimation model was 27% lower than that by the mature tree gs estimation model. These results indicate that leaf gas exchange traits of Z. serrata were different between mature trees and seedlings, and that estimating ozone uptake in mature tree leaves using a model based on seedling gs measurements results in an underestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuki Nakadera
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Wataru Endo
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nanoka Oi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ayano Yagita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryoji Tanaka
- United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Li S, Ma Y, Yang X, Zhang L, Xu Y, Yuan X, Agathokleous E, Xu Y, Feng Z. Phenology- and light-based parameterization of stomatal conductance model for urban woody species in northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119658. [PMID: 39053756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) poses a significant threat to urban vegetation health, and assessing the O3 risk across woody species is of vital importance for maintaining the health of urban infrastructure. In the present study, Jarvis-type stomatal conductance model was parameterized for ten urban species in northern China. Incorporating the effects of time of day and diurnal O3 concentration significantly enhanced the model performance. For different plant functional types (greening trees, greening shrubs, and orchard-grown trees), three parameterizations were established to estimate stomatal O3 uptake (POD1, phytotoxic O3 dose over an hourly threshold of 1 nmol m-2 s-1). The differences in POD1 between greening trees and shrubs were primarily due to the difference in their stomatal sensitivity to light. Orchard-grown trees displayed the lowest O3 removal capacity (lowest value of POD1) because of their shorter growing season despite of high stomatal conductance. These results indicated that plant phenology and light responsiveness determined stomatal O3 uptake, and the three parameterizations developed here could be applicable to various urban species in northern regions. Among climatic factors for O3 risk assessment, O3 concentration was the most important factor determining annual variation of POD1, which was primarily driven by air temperature. However, when O3 pollution decreased, O3 concentration exhibited less dependence on temperature and more dependence on light. These findings provide crucial insights for urban policy-makers and environmental scientists aiming to mitigate O3 pollution effects and enhance urban vegetation health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China; Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanze Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xilai Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; National Meteorological Centre, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Ecological Meteorology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, Jiangsu, China.
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Tanaka R, Kawamata K, Urashima M, Matsuda K, Izuta T, Watanabe M. Vertical gradient of needle ozone uptake within the canopy of Cryptomeria japonica. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119464. [PMID: 38908659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Leaf ozone uptake through the stomata is an important index for the ozone risk assessments on trees. Stomatal conductance (gs) and ozone concentration ([O3]), determinants of the leaf ozone uptake, are known to show vertical gradients within a tree canopy. However, less is known about the within-canopy vertical gradient of leaf ozone uptake. This study was aimed to elucidate how the vertical gradient of [O3] and gs affect needle ozone uptake within a canopy of mature Cryptomeria japonica trees in a suburban forest at Tokyo, Japan. For this purpose, a multilayer gas exchange model was applied to estimate the vertical gradient of needle gs and the accumulated ozone uptake during the study period (POD1, Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold of 1 nmol m-2 s-1). In addition, we also tested several scenarios of vertical gradient of [O3] within the canopy for sensitivity analysis. The POD1 was declined from the top to the bottom of the canopy. This tendency strongly depended on the vertical gradient of gs and was hardly affected by the changes in simulated vertical reductions of the [O3]. We further assessed the photosynthesis of sunlit needles (needles absorbing both direct and diffuse light) and shaded needles (needles only absorbing diffuse light). The photosynthesis of shaded needles in the upper half of the canopy made a great contribution to the entire canopy photosynthesis. In addition, given that their POD1 was lower than that of sunlit needles, ozone may affect sunlit and shaded needles differently. We concluded that these considerations should be incorporated into modeling of the calculation of ozone uptake for mature trees to make accurate predictions of the ozone effects on trees at the canopy scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Tanaka
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawamata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miyu Urashima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Matsuda
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Kinose Y, Fukamachi Y, Okabe S, Hiroshima H, Watanabe M, Izuta T. Toward an impact assessment of ozone on plant carbon fixation using a process-based plant growth model: A case study of Fagus crenata grown under different soil nutrient levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137008. [PMID: 32059294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) in the troposphere, an air pollutant with phytotoxicity, is considered as a driver of global warming, because it reduces plant carbon fixation. Recently, a process-based plant growth model has been used in evaluating the O3 impacts on plants (Schauberger et al., 2019). To make the evaluation more rigorous, we developed a plant growth model and clarified the key factors driving O3-induced change in the whole-plant carbon fixation amount (Cfix). Fagus crenata seedlings were exposed to three O3 levels (charcoal-filtered air or 1.0- or 1.5-folds ambient [O3]) with three soil fertilization levels (non-, low-, or high-fertilized), i.e., a total of nine treatments. The Cfix was reduced in non- and low-fertilized treatments but was unaffected in high-fertilized treatment by O3 fumigation. Our plant growth model could simulate Cfix accurately (<10% error) by considering the impacts of O3 on plant leaf area and photosynthetic capacities, including maximum velocities of carboxylation and electron transport (Vcmax and Jmax, respectively), and the initial slope and convexity of the curve of the electron transport velocity response to photosynthetic photon flux density (φ and θ, respectively). Furthermore, the model revealed that changes in Vcmax and Jmax, φ and θ, or leaf area, caused by 1.5-folds the ambient [O3] fumigation resulted in the following Cfix changes: -1.6, -5.8, or -16.4% in non-fertilized seedlings, -4.1, -4.4, or -9.3% in low-fertilized seedlings, and -4.6, -7.6, or +5.8% in high-fertilized seedlings. Therefore, photosynthetic capacities (particularly φ and θ) and leaf area are important factors influencing the impact of O3 on Cfix of F. crenata seedlings grown under various fertilization levels. Further, the impacts of O3 and soil nutrient on these photosynthetic capacities and plant leaf area should be considered to predict O3-induced changes in carbon fixation by forest tree species using the process-based plant growth model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kinose
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Fukamachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Okabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroka Hiroshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Feng Z, Shang B, Li Z, Calatayud V, Agathokleous E. Ozone will remain a threat for plants independently of nitrogen load. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Institute of Ecology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | | | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Institute of Ecology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China
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Evaluation of O3 Effects on Cumulative Photosynthetic CO2 Uptake in Seedlings of Four Japanese Deciduous Broad-Leaved Forest Tree Species Based on Stomatal O3 Uptake. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10070556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The current level of tropospheric ozone (O3) is expected to reduce the net primary production of forest trees. Here, we evaluated the negative effects of O3 on the photosynthetic CO2 uptake of Japanese forest trees species based on their cumulative stomatal O3 uptake, defined as the phytotoxic O3 dose (POD). Seedlings of four representative Japanese deciduous broad-leaved forest tree species (Fagus crenata, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica var. crispula and Betula platyphylla var. japonica) were exposed to different O3 concentrations in open-top chambers for two growing seasons. The photosynthesis–light response curves (A-light curves) and stomatal conductance were measured to estimate the leaf-level cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake (ΣPn_est) and POD, respectively. The whole-plant-level ΣPn_est were highly correlated with the whole-plant dry mass increments over the two growing seasons. Because whole-plant growth is largely determined by the amount of leaf area per plant and net photosynthetic rate per leaf area, this result suggests that leaf-level ΣPn_est, which was estimated from the monthly A-light curves and hourly PPFD, could reflect the cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake of the seedlings per unit leaf area. Although the O3-induced reductions in the leaf-level ΣPn_est were well explained by POD in all four tree species, species-specific responses of leaf-level ΣPn_est to POD were observed. In addition, the flux threshold appropriate for the linear regression of the responses of relative leaf-level ΣPn_est to POD was also species-specific. Therefore, species-specific responses of cumulative photosynthetic CO2 uptake to POD could be used to accurately evaluate O3 impact on the net primary production of deciduous broad-leaved trees.
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Watanabe M, Kamimaki Y, Mori M, Okabe S, Arakawa I, Kinose Y, Nakaba S, Izuta T. Mesophyll conductance to CO 2 in leaves of Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata) seedlings under elevated ozone. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:907-914. [PMID: 30203164 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is an air pollutant that negatively affects photosynthesis in woody plants. Previous studies suggested that ozone-induced reduction in photosynthetic rates is mainly attributable to a decrease of maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and/or maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) estimated from response of net photosynthetic rate (A) to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) (A/Ci curve) assuming that mesophyll conductance for CO2 diffusion (gm) is infinite. Although it is known that Ci-based Vcmax and Jmax are potentially influenced by gm, its contribution to ozone responses in Ci-based Vcmax and Jmax is still unclear. In the present study, therefore, we analysed photosynthetic processes including gm in leaves of Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata) seedlings grown under three levels of ozone (charcoal-filtered air or ozone at 1.0- or 1.5-times ambient concentration) for two growing seasons in 2016-2017. Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were simultaneously measured in July and September of the second growing season. We determined the A, stomatal conductance to water vapor and gm, and analysed A/Ci curve and A/Cc curve (Cc: chloroplast CO2 concentration). We also determined the Rubisco and chlorophyll contents in leaves. In September, ozone significantly decreased Ci-based Vcmax. At the same time, ozone decreased gm, whereas there was no significant effect of ozone on Cc-based Vcmax or the contents of Rubisco and chlorophyll in leaves. These results suggest that ozone-induced reduction in Ci-based Vcmax is a result of the decrease in gm rather than in carboxylation capacity. The decrease in gm by elevated ozone was offset by an increase in Ci, and Cc did not differ depending on ozone treatment. Since Cc-based Vcmax was also similar, A was not changed by elevated ozone. We conclude that gm is an important factor for reduction in Ci-based Vcmax of Siebold's beech under elevated ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yu Kamimaki
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Marino Mori
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Okabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Izumi Arakawa
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kinose
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Kinose Y, Fukamachi Y, Okabe S, Hiroshima H, Watanabe M, Izuta T. Photosynthetic responses to ozone of upper and lower canopy leaves of Fagus crenata Blume seedlings grown under different soil nutrient conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:213-222. [PMID: 28162800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to clarify the effects of ozone (O3) on photosynthetic ability of upper and lower canopy leaves of Fagus crenata Blume seedlings grown under different soil nutrient conditions. To accomplish this objective, we analyzed the response of photosynthetic parameters such as maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) to cumulative stomatal O3 uptake (ΣFst) and reduction rate of Vcmax per unit ΣFst as an index of detoxification capacity for O3. The seedlings of Fagus crenata were grown for two growing seasons (2014-2015) in nine treatments comprised of a combination of three levels of gas treatments (charcoal-filtered air or 1.0- or 1.5-times ambient O3 concentration) and three levels of soil nutrient treatments (non-fertilized or a supply of relatively low or high concentrations of compound fertilizer). The nutrient supply significantly increased the degree of O3-induced reduction in Vcmax in September. However, nutrient supply did not significantly increase ΣFst and reduce the detoxification capacity for O3. On the other hand, the degree of O3-induced reduction in Vcmax of upper canopy leaves was higher as compared with that of lower canopy leaves in August due to the higher ΣFst. However, the reduction rate of Vcmax per unit ΣFst in lower canopy leaves was higher than that in upper canopy leaves, indicating lower detoxification capacity for O3 in lower canopy leaves. Reduction rate of Vcmax per unit ΣFst over the threshold, which is assumed to be proportional to gross photosynthetic rate, was similar between upper and lower canopy leaves. Therefore, capacity of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is likely to be associated with detoxification capacity for O3 in upper and lower canopy leaves of F. crenata seedlings grown under different soil nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kinose
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Fukamachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Okabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroka Hiroshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Cassimiro JC, Moura BB, Alonso R, Meirelles ST, Moraes RM. Ozone stomatal flux and O3 concentration-based metrics for Astronium graveolens Jacq., a Brazilian native forest tree species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:1007-1015. [PMID: 26805742 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current levels of surface ozone (O3) are high enough to negatively affect trees in large regions of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, where standards for the protection of vegetation against the adverse effects of O3 do not exist. We evaluated three O3 metrics - phytotoxic ozone dose (POD), accumulated ozone exposure over the threshold of 40 ppb h (AOT40), and the sum of all hourly average concentrations (SUM00) - for the Brazilian native tropical tree species Astronium graveolens Jacq. We used the DO3SE (Deposition of Ozone for Stomatal Exchange) model and calculated PODY for different thresholds (from 0 to 6 mmol O3 m(-2) PLA s(-1)), evaluating the model's performance through the relationship between measured and modelled conductance. The response parameters were: visible foliar injury, considered as incidence (% injured plants), severity (% injured leaves in relation to the number of leaves on injured plants), and leaf abscission. The model performance was suitable and significant (R(2) = 0.58; p < 0.001). POD0 was better correlated to incidence and leaf abscission, and SUM00 was better correlated to severity. The highest values of O3 concentration-based metrics (AOT40 and SUM00) did not coincide with those of POD0. Further investigation may improve the model and contribute to the proposition of a national standard for the protection of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara B Moura
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, 13 083 872, Brazil
| | - Rocio Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sérgio T Meirelles
- Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 321, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Regina M Moraes
- Instituto de Botânica, Caixa Postal 3005, São Paulo, SP, 01061-970, Brazil.
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Tiwari S, Grote R, Churkina G, Butler T. Ozone damage, detoxification and the role of isoprenoids - new impetus for integrated models. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:324-336. [PMID: 32480464 DOI: 10.1071/fp15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of ozone (O3) can have significant impacts on the health and productivity of agricultural and forest ecosystems, leading to significant economic losses. In order to estimate this impact under a wide range of environmental conditions, the mechanisms of O3 impacts on physiological and biochemical processes have been intensively investigated. This includes the impact on stomatal conductance, the formation of reactive oxygen species and their effects on enzymes and membranes, as well as several induced and constitutive defence responses. This review summarises these processes, discusses their importance for O3 damage scenarios and assesses to which degree this knowledge is currently used in ecosystem models which are applied for impact analyses. We found that even in highly sophisticated models, feedbacks affecting regulation, detoxification capacity and vulnerability are generally not considered. This implies that O3 inflicted alterations in carbon and water balances cannot be sufficiently well described to cover immediate plant responses under changing environmental conditions. Therefore, we suggest conceptual models that link the depicted feedbacks to available process-based descriptions of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and isoprenoid formation, particularly the linkage to isoprenoid models opens up new options for describing biosphere-atmosphere interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Tiwari
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Galina Churkina
- Institute of Advanced Sustainable Studies, Berliner St. 130, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tim Butler
- Institute of Advanced Sustainable Studies, Berliner St. 130, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
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Niu J, Zhao P, Sun Z, Zhu L, Ni G, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Zhao P, Gao J, Hu Y, Zeng X, Ouyang L. Stomatal uptake of O3 in a Schima superba plantation in subtropical China derived from sap flow measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 545-546:465-475. [PMID: 26760267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Canopy stomatal ozone (O3) flux (Fst,O3) in a plantation of Schima superba, an ecologically and economically important evergreen pioneer tree species in subtropical China, was quantified based on sap flow measurements during a 2-year period. Mean Fst,O3 and accumulated Fst,O3 (AFst0) were significantly higher in wet seasons from April to September (4.62 nmol m(-2) s(-1) and 35.37 mmol m(-2), respectively) than in dry seasons from October to March (3.90 nmol m(-2) s(-1) and 24.15 mmol m(-1), respectively), yet comparable between the 2 years of the experiment, being 4.23 nmol m(-2) s(-1) and 58.23 mmol m(-2) in April 2013-March 2014 and 4.29 nmol m(-2) s(-1) and 60.80 mmol m(-2) in April 2014-March 2015, respectively. At the diurnal scale, Fst,O3 generally peaked in the early to middle afternoon hours (13:00-15:00), while the maximum stomatal conductance (Gst,O3) typically occurred in the middle to late morning hours (09:00-11:00). Monthly integrated AFst0 reached the maximum in July, although accumulated O3 exposure (SUM0) was highest in October. Seasonally or yearly, the accumulated O3 doses, either exposure-based or flux-based, notably exceeded the currently adopted critical thresholds for the protection of forest trees. These results, on the one hand, demonstrated the decoupling between the stomatal uptake of O3 and its environmental exposure level; on the other hand, indicated the potential O3 risk for S. superba in the experimental site. Therefore, the present study endorses the use of sap flow measurements as a feasible tool for estimating Fst,O3, and the transition from the exposure-based toward flux-based metrics for assessing O3 risk for forest trees. Further studies are urgently needed to relate stomatal O3 uptake doses with tree growth reductions for an improved understanding of O3 effects on trees under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Niu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Zhenwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaoping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Peiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jianguo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaomin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 523, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Kitao M, Komatsu M, Yazaki K, Kitaoka S, Tobita H. Growth overcompensation against O3 exposure in two Japanese oak species, Quercus mongolica var. crispula and Quercus serrata, grown under elevated CO2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:133-141. [PMID: 26162332 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on the growth of two mid-successional oak species native to East Asia, Quercus mongolica var. crispula and Quercus serrata, we measured gas exchange and biomass allocation in seedlings (initially 1-year-old) grown under combinations of elevated CO2 (550 μmol mol(-1)) and O3 (twice-ambient) for two growing seasons in an open-field experiment in which root growth was not limited. Both the oak species showed a significant growth enhancement under the combination of elevated CO2 and O3 (indicated by total dry mass; over twice of ambient-grown plants, p < .05), which probably resulted from a preferable biomass partitioning into leaves induced by O3 and a predominant enhancement of photosynthesis under elevated CO2. Such an over-compensative response in the two Japanese oak species resulted in greater plant growth under the combination of elevated CO2 and O3 than elevated CO2 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Masabumi Komatsu
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitaoka
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tobita
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
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