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Pippal PS, Kumar R, Kumar R, Singh A. Integrating satellite and model data to explore spatial-temporal changes in aerosol optical properties and their meteorological relationships in northwest India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:170835. [PMID: 38354813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of Aerosol Optical Properties across Northwest India using aerosol data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) sensors from 2003 to 2022. Therefore, this study investigated the decadal, interannual, and seasonal changes in aerosol optical properties, vegetation index, and meteorological parameters in the northwest Indian region (8 boxes). Using GIOVANNI (Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure), we retrieved daily and monthly Aqua and Terra MODIS products of aerosol optical depth (AOD), Angstrom exponent (AE), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and OMI aerosol index (AI) to examine the spatiotemporal variations by using statistical approaches. The results demonstrated that the decadal averages of aerosol properties showed values of AOD 0.35 (Aqua) and 0.34 (Terra) and AE 1.20 (Aqua) and 1.10 (Terra) with the highest levels during the post-monsoon. Notably, the mean interannual concentrations of AOD and NDVI consistently surpass 0.3, and AE and AI exceed 1 in most locations, underscoring the persistence of high aerosol loading. Also, the study revealed a negative decadal change in AOD of about -8.24 %, while AE, AI, and NDVI showed positive decadal changes of about 9.24 %, 15.09 %, and 12.67 %, respectively. In addition, aerosol optical properties and local meteorology strongly correlated (-0.8 to +0.8). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identifies meteorological parameters as significant drivers, with the first three components explaining over 70 % of the variation in aerosol optical properties. The NOAA HYSPLIT trajectory model suggests that the long-distance dust transport from the Arabian Peninsula frequently penetrates Gujarat province and then to northwest India. The results contributed to air quality management strategies and provided valuable insights into regional climate and air quality with the influence of meteorology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prity S Pippal
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India; Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Atar Singh
- Centre for Cryosphere and Climate Change Studies, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
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Singh PK, Adhikary B, Chen X, Kang S, Poudel SP, Tashi T, Goswami A, Puppala SP. Variability of ambient black carbon concentration in the Central Himalaya and its assessment over the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160137. [PMID: 36375556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During 2015-2018, eight black carbon (BC) monitoring sites were established in Nepal and Bhutan to fill a significant data gap regarding BC measurement in Central Himalaya. This manuscript analyzes and presents data from these eight stations and one additional station on the Tibetan plateau (TP). Complex topography, varied emission sources, and atmospheric transport pathways significantly impacted the BC concentrations across these stations, with annual mean concentrations varying from 36 ng m-3 to 45,737 ng m-3. Higher annual mean concentrations (5609 ± 4515 ng m-3) were recorded at low-altitude sites than in other locations, with seasonal concentrations highest in the winter (7316 ± 2541 ng m-3). In contrast, the annual mean concentrations were lowest at high-altitude sites (376 ± 448 ng m-3); the BC concentrations at these sites peaked during the pre-monsoon season (930 ± 685 ng m-3). Potential source contributions to the total observed BC were analyzed using the absorption angstrom exponent (AAE). AAE analysis showed the dominance of biomass burning sources (>50 %), except in Kathmandu. By combining our data with previously published literature, we put our measurements in perspective by presenting a comprehensive assessment of BC concentrations and their variability over the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The BC levels in all three geographic regions, high, mid, and low altitude significantly influenced by the persistent seasonal meteorology. However, the mid-altitude stations were substantially affected by valley dynamics and urbanization. The low-altitude stations experienced high BC concentrations during the winter and post-monsoon seasons. Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) and frequency analyses revealed the dominance of long-range transported pollution during winter over HKH, from west to east. South Asian sources remained significant during the monsoon season. During pre- and post-monsoon, the local, regional, and long-distance pollution varied depending on the location of the receptor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Singh
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), G.P.O. Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal; Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Bhupesh Adhikary
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), G.P.O. Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Xintong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shankar Prasad Poudel
- Department of Environment, Ministry of Forests and Environment, Forest-Complex, Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tshering Tashi
- National Environment Commission, Royal Government of Bhutan, Tashi-Chhodzong Lam, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Ajanta Goswami
- Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Siva Praveen Puppala
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), G.P.O. Box 3226, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollutants Using Earth Observation Sentinel 5P TROPOMI Data: Impact of Stubble Burning a Case Study. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi11050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The problems of atmospheric pollutants are causing significant concern across the globe and in India. The aggravated level of atmospheric pollutants in the surrounding environment poses serious threats to normal living conditions by deteriorating air quality and causing adverse health impacts. Pollutant concentration increases during harvesting seasons of Kharif/Rabi due to stubble burning and is aggravated by other points or mobile sources. The present study is intended to monitor the spatio-temporal variation of the major atmospheric pollutants using Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data through cloud computing. Land Use/Land Cover (LULC-categorization or classification of human activities and natural coverage on the landscape) was utilised to extract the agricultural area in the study site. It involves the cloud computing of MOD64A1 (MODIS Burned monthly gridded data) and Sentinel-5P TROPOMI (S5P Tropomi) data for major atmospheric pollutants, such as CH4, NO2, SOX, CO, aerosol, and HCHO. The burned area output provided information regarding the stubble burning period, which has seen post-harvesting agricultural residue burning after Kharif crop harvesting (i.e., rice from April to June) and Rabi crop harvesting (i.e., wheat from September to November). The long duration of stubble burning is due to variation in farmers’ harvesting and burning stubble/biomass remains in the field for successive crops. This period was used as criteria for considering the cloud computing of the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data for atmospheric pollutants concentration in the study site. The results showed a significant increase in CH4, SO2, SOX, CO, and aerosol concentration during the AMJ months (stubble burning of Rabi crops) and OND months (stubble burning of Kharif crops) of each year. The results are validated with the ground control station data for PM2.5/PM10. and patterns of precipitation and temperature-gridded datasets. The trajectory frequency for air mass movement using the HYSPLIT model showed that the highest frequency and concentration were observed during OND months, followed by the AMJ months of each year (2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021). This study supports the role and robustness of Earth observation Sentinel-5P TROPOMI to monitor and evaluate air quality and pollutants distribution.
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Elemental characterization and source identification of air-filter PM2.5 in Beijing using neutron activation analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dingley B, Dagan G, Stier P. Forcing Convection to Aggregate Using Diabatic Heating Perturbations. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2021; 13:e2021MS002579. [PMID: 34691362 PMCID: PMC8519054 DOI: 10.1029/2021ms002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tropical deep convection can aggregate into large clusters, which can have impacts on the local humidity and precipitation. Sea surface temperature (SST) gradients have been shown to organize convection, yet there has been little work done to investigate the impact of diabatic heating perturbations in the atmosphere on the aggregation of convection. Here we investigate how anomalous diabatic heating of the atmospheric column, through an idealized aerosol plume, affects the existence and mechanisms of convective aggregation in non-rotating, global radiative-convective equilibrium simulations. We show that the aerosol forcing has the ability to increase the degree of aggregation, especially at lower SSTs. Detailed investigation shows that the diabatic heating source incites a thermally driven circulation, forced by the shortwave perturbation. The increase in aggregation is caused in part by this circulation, and in part by the longwave heating anomalies occurring due to the surface convergence of moisture and convection. At higher SSTs, longwave feedbacks are crucial for the aggregation of convection, even with the shortwave heating perturbation. At lower SSTs, convection is able to aggregate with the shortwave perturbation in the absence of longwave feedbacks. These perturbations provide a link to studying the effects of absorbing aerosol plumes on convection, for example during the Indian monsoon season. We argue that, as there is aggregation for plumes with realistic aerosol absorption optical depths, this could be an analogue for real-world organization in regions with high pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Dingley
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Guy Dagan
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Now at The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Philip Stier
- Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Gauging the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on atmospheric pollution content in select countries. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS : SOCIETY AND ENVIRONMENT 2021; 23:100551. [PMID: 36568402 PMCID: PMC9764693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Image 1.
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Long-term variations in solar radiation, diffuse radiation, and diffuse radiation fraction caused by aerosols in China during 1961-2016. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250376. [PMID: 33939718 PMCID: PMC8092767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of atmospheric aerosols on the terrestrial climate system are more regional than those of greenhouse gases, which are more global. Thus, it is necessary to examine the typical regional effects of how aerosols affect solar radiation in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding. In this study, we used global AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data and robust radiation observational evidence to investigate the impact of aerosols on total radiation, diffuse radiation, and the diffuse radiation fraction in China from 1961 to 2016. Our results showed that there were different temporal changes in the aerosol optical depth (AOD), total solar radiation, diffuse radiation and diffuse radiation fraction over the past 56 years. Specifically, the 550 nm AOD from 2005 to 2016 decreased significantly, with annual average AOD of 0.51. Meanwhile, the average total solar radiation reduced by 2.48%, while there was a slight increase in average diffuse radiation at a rate of 3.10 MJ·m-2·yr-1. Moreover, the spatial heterogeneities of AOD, total radiation, diffuse radiation, and the diffuse radiation fraction in China were significant. Aerosol particle emissions in the developed eastern and southern regions of China were more severe than those in the western regions, resulting in higher total radiation and diffuse radiation in the western plateau than in the eastern plain. In addition, aerosols were found to have negative effects on total radiation and sunshine hours, and positive effects on diffuse radiation and diffuse radiation fraction. Further, the diffuse radiation fraction was negatively correlated with sunshine hours. However, there was a positive correlation between AOD and sunshine hours. These results could be used to assess the impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystem productivity and carbon budgets.
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Vyas BM, Gogoi MM, Jose S. Multi-year characterization of aerosol black carbon concentrations over a semiarid tropical site Udaipur. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22864-22877. [PMID: 33426588 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and multi-year (2008-2012) measurements of black carbon (BC) mass concentrations (MBC), carried out from the semiarid tropical site Udaipur (24.6° N, 74° E, 580 m a.s.l.) near the western Indian desert, are analyzed for their region-specific features. MBC varied over a wide range during the period of study, with the hourly mean values occurring as low as 0.09 to as high as 49.1 μg m-3, with the multi-year average ~ 4.5 ± 2.6 μg m-3. Annual variations showed the highest concentrations during November and December (winter seasonal mean = 7.4 ± 3.3 μg m-3) and the lowest in the monsoon months of July and August (monsoon seasonal mean = 2.5 ± 2.2 μg m-3). MBC showed significant inverse relationship with the planetary boundary layer height (ρ ~ - 0.50) as well as ventilation coefficient (ρ ~ - 0.72). Alike aforesaid atmospheric dynamic parameters, T, WS, and RH also possessed statistically significant negative correlations with monthly MBC. Enhancement in annual as well as diurnal amplitude in MBC during deficient monsoon years relative to excessive monsoon years have given marked indication of BC sink mechanism due to precipitation. Roles of long-range regional air pollutant transport also have been identified. Identical and consistent seasonal variation in percentage contribution of MBC with PM2.5 (varying from 2.6 to 9.1%) and absorption Angstrom exponent (αabs, monthly mean values varying from 0.77 ± 0.04 to 1.16 ± 0.08) gives evidence of substantial amount of enhanced anthropogenic source activities of fossil fuel incomplete combustion in post-monsoon and winter period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Mohan Vyas
- Department of Physics, Pacific College of Basic & Applied Sciences, Pacific University, Udaipur, 313 024, India
| | - Mukunda M Gogoi
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Trivandrum, 695 022, India.
| | - Subin Jose
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Trivandrum, 695 022, India
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Pratap V, Tiwari S, Kumar A, Singh AK. COVID-19 lockdown induced air pollution reduction over India: A lesson for future air pollution mitigation strategies. JOURNAL OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8577420 DOI: 10.1007/s12040-021-01722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the biggest problems worldwide and needs to be addressed potentially with the implementation of updated stringent policies and legislative laws. The nationwide lockdown imposed to prevent the COVID-19 outbreak, has given us a unique opportunity to understand the contribution of anthropogenic emissions to the total atmospheric pollutant burden on a global as well as regional scale. Thus, in the present study, we try to investigate the impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on common ambient air pollutants (i.e., PM2.5, NO2, and SO2) concentration over 22 cities in India using in-situ measurement under a network of Centre Pollution and Control Board (CPCB). A significant reduction in the mean mass concentration of all the studied air pollutants (i.e., PM2.5, NO2, and SO2) (nearly 10–70%) is found during different phases of lockdown which reached within the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (i.e., NAAQS). The reduction in studied air pollutants is more prominent during the first phase of lockdown (mainly NO2) which could be due to the complete shutdown of industrial activities. The outcome of the present study will be helpful for policymakers to design cost-effective and accurate air pollution mitigation strategies for the development of a sustainable environment. The study also suggests that well-planned short-term and periodical lockdown could be an alternative effective tool of air pollution mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Pratap
- Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
| | - Shani Tiwari
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004 India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
| | - Abhay Kumar Singh
- Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- DST - Mahamana Centre of Excellence in Climate Change Research, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
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Singh T, Ravindra K, Sreekanth V, Gupta P, Sembhi H, Tripathi SN, Mor S. Climatological trends in satellite-derived aerosol optical depth over North India and its relationship with crop residue burning: Rural-urban contrast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:140963. [PMID: 32814282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Columnar Aerosol Optical Depths (AOD) over an urban area (Chandigarh) and a rural area (Khera, Fatehgarh Sahib district) situated in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India were analysed to study their temporal heterogeneity in terms of interannual, seasonal and monthly variations. Over the last few decades, IGP has become one of the global hotspots of air pollution due to the increased anthropogenic activities such as traffic, industries, agricultural waste burning etc. Level-2 AODs (550 nm) were retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors onboard NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites, for a period of 14 years (2005-2018). The climatological mean Terra-MODIS (Aqua-MODIS) AOD over the urban location was ~0.497 ± 0.238 (0.474 ± 0.228), whereas over the rural location it was 0.542 ± 0.269 (0.534 ± 0.282). Linear trend analysis estimated an increase in annual mean Terra-MODIS (Aqua-MODIS) AOD at a rate of ~0.009 (0.013) per year over the urban site; whereas over the rural location the rate of increase was ~0.003 (0.004) per year. Results show that the observed increase is ~1.49% (2.41%) of climatological mean AOD over the urban location for Terra-MODIS (Aqua-MODIS), whereas, over the rural location, it was ~0.50% (0.67%). Using the HYSPLIT trajectory model, it was concluded that, during post-monsoon, the observed high AODs can be related to massive crop residue burning in the IGP region. These AOD trends can also be used to track the regional anthropogenic air-pollution changes. An empirical relation between AOD and PM10 was established, which can be used to estimate PM10 over the urban and rural areas of IGP (using MODIS AODs), complementing the sparse ground-based monitoring. Further, satellite-based air pollution data can be used for baseline assessment and understanding the impact of control policies such as National Clean Air Programme and to support formulate evidence-based pollution control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanbir Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Khaiwal Ravindra
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - V Sreekanth
- Center for Study of Science, Technology & Policy, Bengaluru 560094, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Harjinder Sembhi
- Earth Observation Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sachchida Nand Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Suman Mor
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Shi S, Cheng T, Gu X, Guo H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Bao F, Zuo X. Probing the dynamic characteristics of aerosol originated from South Asia biomass burning using POLDER/GRASP satellite data with relevant accessory technique design. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106097. [PMID: 32911245 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic characteristics of biomass burning aerosol originated from South Asia are investigated in this research using nearly 9 years of POLDER/GRASP satellite aerosol dataset. The POLDER/GRASP remote sensing data can provide global, repeatable, various, and sufficient real-world aerosol information even in the remote ocean region, which can't be offered by the ground measurement, laboratory observation or model simulation. The MODIS thermal anomalies/fire dataset and HYSPLIT backward trajectory are applied to search the aerosol originated from South Asia biomass burning. The biomass burning aerosol originated from South Asia could transport to and influence the north part of Indian Ocean (including Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea), the north part of Indo-China Peninsula, South China, and even far to the Pacific Ocean (including part of East China Sea and South China Sea). The chemical, physical and optical characteristics of biomass burning aerosol over land and over ocean show different features and evolution patterns. Such difference is caused by the different ambient environment and different mixed aerosol during the transport process (urban/industrial aerosol over land and sea salt over ocean). During the 48-hours aging process, the volume fraction of black carbon, AAOD and Angstrom Exponent decrease. Meanwhile, the aerosol sphere fraction and SSA increase. The biomass burning aerosol over land shows a more obvious evolution trend than that over ocean. The biomass burning aerosol over ocean generally have higher SSA and lower volume fraction of black carbon, aerosol sphere fraction, AAOD and Angstrom Exponent. The aerosol radiative forcing efficiency also varies between land and ocean, due to their different features of aerosol and surface properties. In general, a negative clear-sky aerosol radiative forcing efficiency (cooling effect) at the TOA is observed. The aerosol cooling effect at the TOA over ocean (-82 W/m2 on average) is much stronger than that over land (-36 W/m2 on average). During the 48-hours aging process, a significant enhancement of the negative radiative forcing efficiency at the TOA is found over land. Over ocean, the enhancement of the negative radiative forcing efficiency at the TOA is weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Tianhai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Xingfa Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Fangwen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Singh T, Biswal A, Mor S, Ravindra K, Singh V, Mor S. A high-resolution emission inventory of air pollutants from primary crop residue burning over Northern India based on VIIRS thermal anomalies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115132. [PMID: 32717556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from the crop residue burning adversely affect the regional and global air quality including public health. In this study, a district-wise comprehensive emission inventory of key pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, N2O, NH3, CH4, NMVOC, EC, OC, PAH) emitted during primary crop residue burning was developed using activity data for the major agrarian states of north India for the agricultural year 2017-18. The emissions were scaled to the spatial resolution of 1 km grid to study the spatial distribution of crop residue burning activities using VIIRS Thermal anomalies datasets. An estimated 20.3 Mt and 9.6 Mt of crop residue were burned in Punjab and Haryana, resulting in an emission of 137.2 Gg and 56.9 Gg of PM2.5 and 163.7 Gg and 72.1 of PM10 Gg for respective states. The emissions of EC, OC, and PAHs were 8.6 Gg, 45.7 Gg, and 0.08 Gg in Punjab, whereas in Haryana emissions were 3.7 Gg, 17.7 Gg, and 0.03 Gg, respectively. The results show that rice and wheat crops were major contributor to residue burnt at the field (>90%) leading to the high load of atmospheric emissions in the IGP region. Further, CO2 equivalent greenhouse gas emissions were 34.8 Tg and 17.3 Tg for Punjab and Haryana, respectively. Around 30000 and 8500 active fires were detected by VIIRS over the agricultural area of Punjab and Haryana during the studied year. The GIS-based bottom-up approach using gridded emission inventory shows pollutant distribution dominates over the south-western part of Punjab and north-western region of Haryana. The proximity of these regions to Delhi and transboundary movement of emissions towards Indo-Gangetic plains causes high air pollution episodes. The high-resolution inventory of various pollutants will be useful for regional air quality models to better predict and manage the hotspot of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanbir Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Akash Biswal
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, 517502, India
| | - Sahil Mor
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science, Hisar, India
| | - Khaiwal Ravindra
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Vikas Singh
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, 517502, India
| | - Suman Mor
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Ravindra K, Singh T, Mor S, Singh V, Mandal TK, Bhatti MS, Gahlawat SK, Dhankhar R, Mor S, Beig G. Real-time monitoring of air pollutants in seven cities of North India during crop residue burning and their relationship with meteorology and transboundary movement of air. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:717-729. [PMID: 31301511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants emissions due to the burning of crop residues could adversely affect human health, environment, and climate. Hence, a multicity campaign was conducted during crop residue burning period in Indo Gangetic Plains (IGP) to study the impact on ambient air quality. Seventeen air pollutants along with five meteorological parameters, were measured using state of the art continuous air quality monitors. The average concentration of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 during the whole campaign were 196.7±30.6, 148.2±20, and 51.2±8.9 μgm-3 and daily average concentration were found several times higher than national ambient air quality standards for 24h. Amritsar had the highest average concentration of PM2.5 (178.4±83.8 μgm-3) followed by Rohtak and Sonipat (158.4±79.8, 156.5±105.3μgm-3), whereas Chandigarh recorded the lowest concentration (112.3±6.9μgm-3). The concentration of gaseous pollutants NO, NO2, NOx, and SO2 were also observed highest at Amritsar location, i.e., 6.6±2.6ppb, 6.2±0.7ppb, 12.7±3.0ppb, and 7.5±3.3ppb respectively. The highest average O3 and CO were 22.5±19.3ppb and 1.5±1.2ppm during the campaign. The level of gaseous pollutants and Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found to be elevated during the campaign, which can play an important role in the formation of secondary air pollutants. The correlation of meteorology and air pollutants was also studied, and O3 shows a significant relation with temperature and UV (R=0.87 and 0.74) whereas VOCs shows a significant correlation with temperature (R=-0.21 to -0.47). Air quality data was also analyzed to identify sources of emissions using principal component analysis, and it identifies biomass burning and vehicular activities as major sources of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaiwal Ravindra
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Tanbir Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sahil Mor
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science, Hisar, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki 517502, India
| | - Tuhin Kumar Mandal
- Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Manpreet Singh Bhatti
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | | | - Rajesh Dhankhar
- Department of Environment Science, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Suman Mor
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Gufran Beig
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune, India.
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