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Smoot J, Padilla S, Kim YH, Hunter D, Tennant A, Hill B, Lowery M, Knapp BR, Oshiro W, Hazari MS, Hays MD, Preston WT, Jaspers I, Gilmour MI, Farraj AK. Burn pit-related smoke causes developmental and behavioral toxicity in zebrafish: Influence of material type and emissions chemistry. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29675. [PMID: 38681659 PMCID: PMC11053193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Combustion of mixed materials during open air burning of refuse or structural fires in the wildland urban interface produces emissions that worsen air quality, contaminate rivers and streams, and cause poor health outcomes including developmental effects. The zebrafish, a freshwater fish, is a useful model for quickly screening the toxicological and developmental effects of agents in such species and elicits biological responses that are often analogous and predictive of responses in mammals. The purpose of this study was to compare the developmental toxicity of smoke derived from the burning of 5 different burn pit-related material types (plywood, cardboard, plastic, a mixture of the three, and the mixture plus diesel fuel as an accelerant) in zebrafish larvae. Larvae were exposed to organic extracts of increasing concentrations of each smoke 6-to-8-hr post fertilization and assessed for morphological and behavioral toxicity at 5 days post fertilization. To examine chemical and biological determinants of toxicity, responses were related to emissions concentrations of polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH). Emissions from plastic and the mixture containing plastic caused the most pronounced developmental effects, including mortality, impaired swim bladder inflation, pericardial edema, spinal curvature, tail kinks, and/or craniofacial deformities, although all extracts caused concentration-dependent effects. Plywood, by contrast, altered locomotor responsiveness to light changes to the greatest extent. Some morphological and behavioral responses correlated strongly with smoke extract levels of PAHs including 9-fluorenone. Overall, the findings suggest that material type and emissions chemistry impact the severity of zebrafish developmental toxicity responses to burn pit-related smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Smoot
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Yong Ho Kim
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Deborah Hunter
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alan Tennant
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Bridgett Hill
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Morgan Lowery
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Bridget R. Knapp
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Wendy Oshiro
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mehdi S. Hazari
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael D. Hays
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - M. Ian Gilmour
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aimen K. Farraj
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Victoria S, Trine L, Hystad P, Roper C. Indoor and Personal PM 2.5 Samples Differ in Chemical Composition and Alter Zebrafish Behavior Based on Primary Fuel Source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21260-21271. [PMID: 38060427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to diverse human health impacts. Little is known about the potential heterogeneous impacts of PM2.5 generated from different indoor fuel sources and how exposure differs between personal and indoor environments. Therefore, we used PM2.5 collected by one stationary sampler in a kitchen and personal samplers (female and male participants), in homes (n = 24) in Kheri, India, that used either biomass or liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as primary fuel sources. PM2.5 samples (pooled by fuel type and monitor placement) were analyzed for oxidative potential and chemical composition, including elements and 125 organic compounds. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were acutely exposed to varying concentrations of PM2.5 and behavioral analyses were conducted. We found relatively high PM2.5 concentrations (5-15 times above World Health Organization daily exposure guidelines) and varied human health-related chemical composition based on fuel type and monitor placement (up to 15% carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition). Altered biological responses, including changes to mortality, morphology, and behavior, were elicited by exposure to all sample types. These findings reveal that although LPG is generally ranked the least harmful compared to biomass fuels, chemical characteristics and biological impacts were still present, highlighting the need for further research in determining the safety of indoor fuel sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla Victoria
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Lisandra Trine
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Courtney Roper
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Zhu C, Jiang X, Tian J, Chen J, Lin C, Wang C, Tie C, Li M, Wu C. Integrated approach toward absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of Xiaoke pills in zebrafish based on UPLC-HRMS and DESI-MS techniques. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1200:123276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen YC, Chuang TY, Liu CW, Liu CW, Lee TL, Lai TC, Chen YL. Particulate matters increase epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung fibrosis through the ETS-1/NF-κB-dependent pathway in lung epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:41. [PMID: 32799885 PMCID: PMC7429884 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Particulate matters (PMs) in ambient air pollution are closely related to the incidence of respiratory diseases and decreased lung function. Our previous report demonstrated that PMs-induced oxidative stress increased the expression of proinflammatory intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) through the IL-6/AKT/STAT3/NF-κB pathway in A549 cells. However, the role of O-PMs in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) development and pulmonary fibrosis and the related mechanisms have not been determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of O-PMs on the pathogenesis of EMT and pulmonary fibrosis as well as the expression of ETS-1 and NF-κB p65, in vitro and in vivo. Results O-PMs treatment induced EMT development, fibronectin expression, and cell migration. O-PMs affected the expression of the EMT-related transcription factors NF-κB p65 and ETS-1. Interference with NF-κB p65 significantly decreased O-PMs-induced fibronectin expression. In addition, O-PMs affected the expression of fibronectin, E-cadherin, and vimentin through modulating ETS-1 expression. ATN-161, an antagonist of integrin α5β1, decreased the expression of fibronectin and ETS-1 and EMT development. EMT development and the expression of fibronectin and ETS-1 were increased in the lung tissue of mice after exposure to PMs for 7 and 14 days. There was a significant correlation between fibronectin and ETS-1 expression in human pulmonary fibrosis tissue. Conclusion O-PMs can induce EMT and fibronectin expression through the activation of transcription factors ETS-1 and NF-κB in A549 cells. PMs can induce EMT development and the expression of fibronectin and ETS-1 in mouse lung tissues. These findings suggest that the ETS-1 pathway could be a novel and alternative mechanism for EMT development and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Yi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, No. 168 Ching-Kuo Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Chen-Wei Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chi-Wei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Lin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Chun Lai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Bi S, Tang J, Zhang L, Huang L, Chen J, Wang Z, Chen D, Du L. Fine particulate matter reduces the pluripotency and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells through ROS induced AKT and ERK signaling pathway. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:231-240. [PMID: 32745510 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations have found that air fine particulate matter (PM) exposure not only causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in adults and children, but also affects embryonic development during pregnancy, leading to poor pregnancy outcomes. However, its exact molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were treated with PM at different concentrations then the morphology and proliferation capacity were measured. The mRNA and protein expression of NANOG and OCT4 were detected using quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and AKT/ERK activation were also measured. Meanwhile, changes in ROS, the expression of NANOG, OCT4, and the AKT/ERK pathways were measured in the hESCs with or without pretreatment of ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prior to PM exposure. After PM exposure, the proliferation capacity and expression of OCT4 and NANOG at the mRNA and protein levels were downregulated. The ROS level in the hESCs increased after PM exposure, but this increase in ROS was attenuated by pretreatment with NAC. Further analysis showed that the levels of phosphorylated AKT and ERK increased after PM exposure. After pretreatment with NAC, the phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK, which are crucial for regulating the proliferation, pluripotency, and differentiation of hESC, were significantly attenuated compared with the non-NAC pretreated exposure group. These results suggest that PM exposure may reduce the proliferation and pluripotency of hESC through ROS-mediated AKT/ERK pathways, thereby affecting the long-term development of embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingman Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lizi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lijun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Roper C, Perez A, Barrett D, Hystad P, Massey Simonich SL, Tanguay RL. Workflow for Comparison of Chemical and Biological Metrics of Filter Collected PM 2.5. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2020; 226:117379. [PMID: 32313426 PMCID: PMC7170255 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of adverse health effect associations with chemical constituents of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as the underlying mechanisms. We outlined a workflow to assess metrics, beyond concentration, using household and personal PM2.5 filter samples collected in India as a proof of concept for future large-scale studies. Oxidative potential, chemical composition (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and elements), and bioactivity (developmental exposures in zebrafish) were determined. Significant differences were observed in all metrics between personal and household PM2.5 samples. This work established methods to characterize multiple metrics of PM2.5 to ultimately support the identification of more health-relevant metrics than concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Roper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
| | - Allison Perez
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
| | - Damien Barrett
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Perry Hystad
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Staci L. Massey Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331
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The citrus flavonoids hesperidin and naringin alleviate alcohol-induced behavioural alterations and developmental defects in zebrafish larvae. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 73:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Quevedo C, Behl M, Ryan K, Paules RS, Alday A, Muriana A, Alzualde A. Detection and Prioritization of Developmentally Neurotoxic and/or Neurotoxic Compounds Using Zebrafish. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:225-240. [PMID: 30521027 PMCID: PMC6390653 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard methods for toxicity testing using rodent models cannot keep pace with the increasing number of chemicals in our environment due to time and resource limitations. Hence, there is an unmet need for fast, sensitive, and cost-effective alternate models to reliably predict toxicity. As part of Tox21 Phase III's effort, a 90-compound library was created and made available to researchers to screen for neurotoxicants using novel technology and models. The chemical library was evaluated in zebrafish in a dose-range finding test for embryo-toxicity (ie, mortality or morphological alterations induced by each chemical). In addition, embryos exposed to the lowest effect level and nonobservable effect level were used to measure the internal concentration of the chemicals within the embryos by bioanalysis. Finally, considering the lowest effect level as the highest testing concentration, a functional assay was performed based on locomotor activity alteration in response to light-dark changes. The quality control chemicals included in the library, ie, negative controls and replicated chemicals, indicate that the assays performed were reliable. The use of analytical chemistry pointed out the importance of measuring chemical concentration inside embryos, and in particular, in the case of negative chemicals to avoid false negative classification. Overall, the proposed approach presented a good sensitivity and supports the inclusion of zebrafish assays as a reliable, relevant, and efficient screening tool to identify, prioritize, and evaluate chemical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Quevedo
- *Biobide, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20009 Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Mamta Behl
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,Research Triangle Park, 27709 North Carolina
| | - Kristen Ryan
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,Research Triangle Park, 27709 North Carolina
| | - Richard S Paules
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,Research Triangle Park, 27709 North Carolina
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9
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Roper C, Delgado LS, Barrett D, Massey Simonich SL, Tanguay RL. PM 2.5 Filter Extraction Methods: Implications for Chemical and Toxicological Analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:434-442. [PMID: 30507171 PMCID: PMC6652177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Toxicology research into the global public health burden of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposures frequently requires extraction of PM2.5 from filters. A standardized method for these extractions does not exist, leading to inaccurate interlaboratory comparisons. It is largely unknown how different filter extraction methods might impact the composition and bioactivity of the resulting samples. We characterized the variation in these metrics by using equal portions of a single PM2.5 filter, with each portion undergoing a different extraction method. Significant differences were observed between extraction methods for concentrations of elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the PM2.5 tested following its preparation for biological response studies. Importantly, the chemical profiles differed from those observed when we used standard protocols for chemical characterization of the ambient sample, demonstrating that extraction can alter both chemical component amounts and species profiles of the extracts. The impact of these chemical differences on sensitive end points of zebrafish development was investigated. Significant differences in the percent incidence and timing of mortality were associated with the PM2.5 extraction method. This research highlights the importance of and rationale for considering the extraction method when interlaboratory comparisons of PM2.5 toxicology research are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Roper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Lisandra Santiago Delgado
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Damien Barrett
- Department of Microbiology , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Staci L Massey Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
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10
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Fuentes R, Letelier J, Tajer B, Valdivia LE, Mullins MC. Fishing forward and reverse: Advances in zebrafish phenomics. Mech Dev 2018; 154:296-308. [PMID: 30130581 PMCID: PMC6289646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how the genome instructs the phenotypic characteristics of an organism is one of the major scientific endeavors of our time. Advances in genetics have progressively deciphered the inheritance, identity and biological relevance of genetically encoded information, contributing to the rise of several, complementary omic disciplines. One of them is phenomics, an emergent area of biology dedicated to the systematic multi-scale analysis of phenotypic traits. This discipline provides valuable gene function information to the rapidly evolving field of genetics. Current molecular tools enable genome-wide analyses that link gene sequence to function in multi-cellular organisms, illuminating the genome-phenome relationship. Among vertebrates, zebrafish has emerged as an outstanding model organism for high-throughput phenotyping and modeling of human disorders. Advances in both systematic mutagenesis and phenotypic analyses of embryonic and post-embryonic stages in zebrafish have revealed the function of a valuable collection of genes and the general structure of several complex traits. In this review, we summarize multiple large-scale genetic efforts addressing parental, embryonic, and adult phenotyping in the zebrafish. The genetic and quantitative tools available in the zebrafish model, coupled with the broad spectrum of phenotypes that can be assayed, make it a powerful model for phenomics, well suited for the dissection of genotype-phenotype associations in development, physiology, health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fuentes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joaquín Letelier
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), Seville, Spain; Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamin Tajer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonardo E Valdivia
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mary C Mullins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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