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Zhang T, Liu X, Rossio V, Dawson SL, Gygi SP, Paulo JA. Enhancing Proteome Coverage by Using Strong Anion-Exchange in Tandem with Basic-pH Reversed-Phase Chromatography for Sample Multiplexing-Based Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2870-2881. [PMID: 37962907 PMCID: PMC11090996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Sample multiplexing-based proteomic strategies rely on fractionation to improve proteome coverage. Tandem mass tag (TMT) experiments, for example, can currently accommodate up to 18 samples with proteins spanning several orders of magnitude, thus necessitating fractionation to achieve reasonable proteome coverage. Here, we present a simple yet effective peptide fractionation strategy that partitions a pooled TMT sample with a two-step elution using a strong anion-exchange (SAX) spin column prior to gradient-based basic pH reversed-phase (BPRP) fractionation. We highlight our strategy with a TMTpro18-plex experiment using nine diverse human cell lines in biological duplicate. We collected three data sets, one using only BPRP fractionation and two others of each SAX-partition followed by BPRP. The three data sets quantified a similar number of proteins and peptides, and the data highlight noticeable differences in the distribution of peptide charge and isoelectric point between the SAX partitions. The combined SAX partition data set contributed 10% more proteins and 20% more unique peptides that were not quantified by BPRP fractionation alone. In addition to this improved fractionation strategy, we provide an online resource of relative abundance profiles for over 11,000 proteins across the nine human cell lines, as well as two additional experiments using ovarian and pancreatic cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Valentina Rossio
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shane L Dawson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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2
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Li D, Shi T, Meng L, Zhang X, Li R, Wang T, Zhao X, Zheng H, Ren X. An association between PM 2.5 components and respiratory infectious diseases: A China's mainland-based study. Acta Trop 2024; 254:107193. [PMID: 38604327 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is an important risk factor for respiratory infectious diseases, such as scarlet fever, tuberculosis, and similar diseases. However, it is not clear which component of PM2.5 is more important for respiratory infectious diseases. Based on data from 31 provinces in mainland China obtained between 2013 and 2019, this study investigated the effects of different PM2.5 components, i.e., sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), and organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC), on respiratory infectious diseases incidence [pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), scarlet fever (SF), influenza, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and mumps]. Geographical probes and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used to investigate correlations, single-component effects, joint effects, and interactions between components, and subgroup analysis was used to assess regional and temporal heterogeneity. The results of geographical probes showed that the chemical components of PM2.5 were associated with the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases. BKMR results showed that the five components of PM2.5 were the main factors affecting the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases (PIP>0.5). The joint effect of influenza and mumps by co-exposure to the components showed a significant positive correlation, and the exposure-response curve for a single component was approximately linear. And single-component modelling revealed that OM and BC may be the most important factors influencing the incidence of respiratory infections. Moreover, respiratory infectious diseases in southern and southwestern China may be less affected by the PM2.5 component. This study is the first to explore the relationship between different components of PM2.5 and the incidence of five common respiratory infectious diseases in 31 provinces of mainland China, which provides a certain theoretical basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Tianshan Shi
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Tingrong Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Hongmiao Zheng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Xiaowei Ren
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China.
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3
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Cui Y, Xiao Q, Yuan Y, Zhuang Y, Hao W, Jiang J, Meng Q, Wei X. Ozone-oxidized black carbon particles change macrophage fate: Crosstalk between necroptosis and macrophage extracellular traps. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121655. [PMID: 37068650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of environmental PM 2.5 on public health have become a major concern all over the world. Many studies have shown that PM 2.5 still poses a threat to public health even at very low levels. Physical or chemical reactions occur between primary particles and other components in the environment, which changes the properties of primary particles. Such newly formed particles with changed properties are called secondary particles. Ozone-oxidized black carbon (oBC) is a key part of PM 2.5 and a representative secondary particle. Macrophages extracellular traps (METs) is a means for macrophages to capture and destroy invading pathogens, thereby exercising innate immunity. Necroptosis is a kind of programmed cell death, which is accompanied by the destruction of membrane integrity, thus inducing inflammatory reaction. However, there is no research on the crosstalk mechanism between necroptosis and MET after oBC exposure. In our study, AO/EB staining, SYTOX Green staining, fluorescent probe, qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were applied. This experiment found that under normal physiological conditions, when macrophages receive external stimuli (such as pathogens; in our experiment: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)), they will form METs, capture and kill pathogens, thus exerting innate immune function. However, exposure to oBC can cause necroptosis in macrophages, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytosolic calcium ions, as well as the expression disorder of inflammatory factors and chemokines, and prevent the formation of METs, lose the function of capturing and killing pathogens, and weaken the innate immune function. Notably, inhibition of necroptosis restored the formation of METs, indicating that necroptosis inhibited the formation of METs. This study was the first to explore the crosstalk mechanism between necroptosis and METs after oBC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yuese Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yimeng Zhuang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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4
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Cui Y, Xiao Q, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Hao W, Jiang J, Meng Q, Wei X. Black carbon nanoparticles activate the crosstalk mechanism between necroptosis and macrophage extracellular traps to change macrophages fate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116321. [PMID: 37271434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 still poses a threat to public health even at very low levels. Black carbon (BC) is a key component of PM2.5. Macrophage extracellular traps (METs) are a means by which macrophages capture and destroy invading pathogens. Necroptosis is an inflammatory programmed cell death. However, there is no research on the crosstalk mechanism between necroptosis and METs after BC exposure. In our study, fluorescence labeling, fluorescent probes, qPCR, and immunofluorescence were applied. Our research found that under normal physiological conditions, when macrophages receive external stimuli (in our experiment, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)), they will form METs, thus exhibiting innate immune function. However, exposure to BC can cause necroptosis in macrophages accompanied by increased levels of ROS and cytosolic calcium ions as well as altered expression of inflammatory factors and chemokines that prevent the formation of METs, and weakening innate immune function. Notably, inhibition of necroptosis restored the formation of METs, indicating that necroptosis inhibits the formation of METs. Our experiment will enrich the understanding of the mechanism of macrophage injury caused by BC exposure, provide a new direction for studying harmful atmospheric particle toxicity, and propose new therapeutic insights for diseases caused by atmospheric particulate matter. This study is the first to explore the crosstalk mechanism between necroptosis and METs after BC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yuetong Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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5
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Development of p-Tau Differentiated Cell Model of Alzheimer's Disease to Screen Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314794. [PMID: 36499118 PMCID: PMC9741399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by an initial accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, along with the depletion of cholinergic markers. The currently available therapies for AD do not present any disease-modifying effects, with the available in vitro platforms to study either AD drug candidates or basic biology not fully recapitulating the main features of the disease or being extremely costly, such as iPSC-derived neurons. In the present work, we developed and validated a novel cell-based AD model featuring Tau hyperphosphorylation and degenerative neuronal morphology. Using the model, we evaluated the efficacy of three different groups of newly synthesized acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, along with a new dual acetylcholinesterase/glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor, as potential AD treatment on differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with glyceraldehyde to induce Tau hyperphosphorylation, and subsequently neurite degeneration and cell death. Testing of such compounds on the newly developed model revealed an overall improvement of the induced defects by inhibition of AChE alone, showing a reduction of S396 aberrant phosphorylation along with a moderate amelioration of the neuron-like morphology. Finally, simultaneous AChE/GSK3 inhibition further enhanced the limited effects observed by AChE inhibition alone, resulting in an improvement of all the key parameters, such as cell viability, morphology, and Tau abnormal phosphorylation.
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6
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Li Z, Jiang W, Chu H, Ge J, Wang X, Jiang J, Xiao Q, Meng Q, Hao W, Wei X. Exploration of potential mechanism of interleukin-33 up-regulation caused by 1,4-naphthoquinone black carbon in RAW264.7 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155357. [PMID: 35452731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As air pollution has been paid more attention to by public in recent years, effects and mechanism in particulate matter-triggered health problems become a focus of research. Lysosomes and mitochondria play an important role in regulation of inflammation. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been proved to promote inflammation in our previous studies. In this research, macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used to explore the potential mechanism of upregulation of IL-33 induced by 1,4-naphthoquinone black carbon (1,4-NQ-BC), and to explore changes of lysosomes and mitochondria during the process. RESULTS 50 μg/mL 1,4-NQ-BC exposure for 24 h dramatically increased expression of IL-33 in RAW264.7 cells. Lysosomal membrane permeability was damaged by 1,4-NQ-BC treatment, and higher mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS level were induced by 1,4-NQ-BC. The results of proteomics suggested that expression of ferritin light chain was increased after cells were challenged with 1,4-NQ-BC, and it was verified by Western blot. Meanwhile, expressions of p62 and LC3B-II were increased by 50 μg/mL 1,4-NQ-BC in RAW264.7 cells. Ultimately, expression of IL-33 could return to same level as control in cells treated with 50 μg/mL 1,4-NQ-BC and 50 μM deferoxamine combined. CONCLUSIONS 1,4-NQ-BC induces IL-33 upregulation in RAW264.7 cells, and it is responsible for higher lysosomal membrane permeability and ROS level, lower mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibition of autophagy. Ferritin light chain possibly plays an important role in the upregulation of IL-33 evoked by 1,4-NQ-BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekang Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wanyu Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, PR China
| | - Jianhong Ge
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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7
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Assessing the neurotoxicity of airborne nano-scale particulate matter in human iPSC-derived neurons using a transcriptomics benchmark dose model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Liu X, Chai B, Wang X, Wu Z, Zou H, Liu Y, Zheng S, Qian G, Ma Z, Lu J. Environmentally Persistent Free Radical Promotes Lung Cancer Progression by Regulating the Expression Profile of miRNAs. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022. [PMID: 35594306 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are generated in the combustion processes of solid waste and can cause adverse influences on human health, especially lung diseases. Lung cancer is one of the most serious malignancies in recent years, which the global deaths rate is about 1.6 million every year. Methods and Results: In this study, we verified that ZnO/MCB EPFRs promote cell proliferation and migration, impedes cell apoptosis in lung cancer. Furthermore, we found that ZnO/MCB could influence the expression of miRNAs (miR-18a and miR-34a). In vivo, ZnO/MCB and ZnO EPFRs can reduce the weight and survival rate of BALB/c male mice more than that of BALB/c female mice. In the ZnO/MCB exposed group, male mice lung became even smaller, while the female mice the lung increased significantly. Taken together, our results provide evidence for assessing the potential health risks of persistent free radicals on fine particles. Conclusions: This study linked toxicity of EPFRs with miRNAs revealed the potential health hazard to human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Corp, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Binshu Chai
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xianyi Wang
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zong Wu
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zou
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lu
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Corp, Shanghai, P.R. China
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9
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Shang Y, Xue W, Kong J, Chen Y, Qiu X, An X, Li Y, Wang H, An J. Ultrafine black carbon caused mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in SH-SY5Y cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151899. [PMID: 34838543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient ultrafine black carbon (uBC, with aerodynamic diameter less than 100 nm) is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is the predominantly reported neurotoxic effects caused by uBC exposure. Mitochondrion is responsible for production of majority of ROS in cells and mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to adverse nervous outcomes. Mitophagy is an important cellular process to eliminate dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria. However, the mechanisms that modulate mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction initiated by uBC remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate how mitochondrial oxidative stress regulated mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) after uBC treatment. RNA interference was further applied to explore the roles of mitophagy in mitochondrial dysfunction. We found uBC triggered cell apoptosis via ROS-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The uBC also caused serious mitochondrial damage and respiratory dysfunction, indicated by the abnormalities in mitochondrial division and fusion related proteins, decreased mitochondria number and ATP level. Increased PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin protein levels and the autolysosome numbers suggested uBC could promote Pink1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy process in SH-SY5Y cells. Mitophagy inhibition could reserve mitochondria number and ATP activity, but not fusion and division related protein levels in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to uBC. Administration of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (mitoquinone) significantly eliminated uBC caused apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy. Our data suggested mitochondrial oxidative stress regulated uBC induced mitochondrial dysfunction and PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy probably participated in regulating uBC caused mitochondrial dysfunction but not by controlling mitochondrial fusion and division related proteins. Our results may provide some new insights and evidences to understand the mechanisms of neurotoxicity induced by uBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wanlei Xue
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiexing Kong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingqin An
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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10
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Nicholson S, Baccarelli A, Prada D. Role of brain extracellular vesicles in air pollution-related cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112316. [PMID: 34728237 PMCID: PMC8671239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A relationship between environmental exposure to air pollution and cognitive impairment and neurological disorders has been described. Previous literature has focused on the direct effects of the air pollution components on neuronal and glial cells, as well as on involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation on microglia and astrocyte reactivity. However, other mechanisms involved in the air pollution effects on central nervous system (CNS) toxicity can be playing critical roles. Increasingly, extracellular vesicle's (EVs) mediated intercellular communication is being recognized as impacting the development of cognitive impairment and neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and others. Here we describe the available evidence about toxic air pollutants and its components on brain, an involvement of brain cells specific and EVs types (based in the origin or in the size of EVs) in the initiation, exacerbation, and propagation of the neurotoxic effects (inflammation, neurodegeneration, and accumulation of neurotoxic proteins) induced by air pollution in the CNS. Additionally, we discuss the identification and isolation of neural-derived EVs from human plasma, the most common markers for neural-derived EVs, and their potential for use as diagnostic or therapeutic molecules for air pollution-related cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacia Nicholson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Diddier Prada
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, 10032, USA; Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
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11
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Kaumbekova S, Torkmahalleh MA, Shah D. Impact of ultrafine particles and secondary inorganic ions on early onset and progression of amyloid aggregation: Insights from molecular simulations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117147. [PMID: 33894535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, associated with the aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and formation of plaques. The impact of airborne particulate matter (PM) and ultrafine particles (UFPs), on early onset and progression of AD has been recently hypothesized. Considering their small size, carbon black nanoparticles and UFPs can penetrate into human organism and affect Alzheimer's progression. While experiments show that the exposure of PM and UFPs can lead to enhanced concentrations of Aβ peptides, the interactions between the peptides and UFPs remain obscured. Particularly, the impact of UFPs on the initial rate of aggregation of the peptides is ambiguous. Herein, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the aggregation of Aβ16-21 peptides, an aggregation-prone segment of Aβ, in the presence of UFPs, mimicked by C60, under different salt solutions suggesting the presence of the inorganic constituents of PM in the blood. In particular, the simulations were performed in the presence of Na+, Cl- and CO3-2 ions to characterize typical buffer environments and electrolytes present in human blood. Furthermore, NH4+, NO3- and SO4-2 ions, found in PM, were used in the simulations. The results revealed high propensity for the aggregation of Aβ16-21 peptides. Moreover, the peptides made clusters with C60 molecules, that would be expected to act as a nucleation site for the formation of amyloid plaques. Taken together, the results showed that UFPs affected the peptide aggregation differently, depending on the type of ions present in the simulation environment. In the presence of C60, SO4-2 and NO3- ions accelerated the aggregation of Aβ16-21 peptides, however, NH4+ ions decelerated their aggregation. In addition, UFP lowered β-sheets amounts at all environments, except NaCl solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samal Kaumbekova
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
| | - Mehdi Amouei Torkmahalleh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
| | - Dhawal Shah
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan.
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Shan X, Liu L, Li G, Xu K, Liu B, Jiang W. PM 2.5 and the typical components cause organelle damage, apoptosis and necrosis: Role of reactive oxygen species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146785. [PMID: 33838376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the organelle damage, apoptosis and necrosis induced by PM2.5, BC and Kaolin were studied using human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. PM2.5, BC and Kaolin all induce cell death, LDH release and excess intracellular ROS generation. For the organelle injuries, Kaolin and high-dose PM2.5 (240 μg/mL) cause lysosomal acidification, but BC causes lysosomal alkalization (lysosomal membrane permeabilization, LMP). BC and Kaolin cause the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), while PM2.5 does not. For the cell death mode, PM2.5 causes both apoptosis and necrosis. However only necrosis has been detected in the BC and Kaolin treated groups, indicating the more severe cellular insult. Excess ROS generation is involved in the organelle damage and cell death. ROS contributes to the BC-induced LMP and necrosis, but does not significantly affect the Kaolin-induced MMP loss and necrosis. Therefore, the BC component in PM2.5 may cause cytotoxicity via ROS-dependent pathways, the Kaolin component may damage cells via ROS-independent mechanisms such as strong interaction. The PM2.5-induced apoptosis and necrosis can be partially mitigated after the removal of ROS, indicating the existence of both the ROS-dependent and ROS-independent mechanisms due to the complicated PM2.5 components. BC represents the anthropogenic source component in PM2.5, while Kaolin represents the natural source component. Our results provide knowledge on the toxic mechanisms of typical PM2.5 components at the cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Shan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bingyan Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Shang Y, Liu Q, Wang L, Qiu X, Chen Y, An J. microRNA-146a-5p negatively modulates PM 2.5 caused inflammation in THP-1 cells via autophagy process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115961. [PMID: 33160737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can change the expression profile of microRNAs (miRs), which may play important roles in mediating inflammatory responses. The present study attempts to investigate the roles of miR-146a-5p in regulating cytokine expression in a human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). Four types of PM2.5 extracts obtained from Beijing, China, were subjected to cytotoxic tests in THP-1 cells. These four PM2.5 extracts included two water extracts collected from non-heating and heating season (WN and WH), and two organic extracts from non-heating and heating season (DN and DH). Firstly, the four PM2.5 extracts caused cytotoxicity, oxidative stress responses, cytokine gene expressions and interleukin 8 (IL-8) release in THP-1 cells, with WH showing the highest cytotoxicity, WN showing the highest oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Additionally, we observed expression of miR-146a-5p was significantly increased, with the maximal response of six folds in WN group. Cellular autophagy was initiated by PM2.5 indicated by related protein and gene expressions. Both RNA interference and autophagy inhibitor were applied to interrupt autophagy process in THP-1 cells. Autophagy dysfunction could alleviate IL-8 expression, suggesting autophagy process regulated cytokine expression and inflammatory response caused by PM2.5. A chemical inhibitor was applied to inhibit the function of miR-146a-5p, and then the expressions of IL-8 and autophagic genes were significantly aggravated. Meanwhile, two target genes of miR-146a-5p, interleukin-1 associated-kinase-1 (IRAK1) and tumor-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6) were increased dramatically, which also played important roles in regulation of autophagy. These data suggested miR-146a-5p negatively modulated cytokine expression caused by PM2.5 via autophagy process through the target genes of IRAK1 and TRAF6. Our findings raised the concerns of the changes of miR expression profile and following responses caused by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qianyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jing An
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Greene AN, Parks LG, Solomon MB, Privette Vinnedge LM. Loss of DEK Expression Induces Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:594319. [PMID: 33304240 PMCID: PMC7701170 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.594319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the buildup of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary Tau tangles. This leads to decreased synaptic efficacy, cell death, and, consequently, brain atrophy in patients. Behaviorally, this manifests as memory loss and confusion. Using a gene ontology analysis, we recently identified AD and other age-related dementias as candidate diseases associated with the loss of DEK expression. DEK is a nuclear phosphoprotein with roles in DNA repair, cellular proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis. Work from our laboratory determined that DEK is highly expressed in the brain, particularly in regions relevant to learning and memory, including the hippocampus. Moreover, we have also determined that DEK is highly expressed in neurons. Consistent with our gene ontology analysis, we recently reported that cortical DEK protein levels are inversely proportional to dementia severity scores in elderly female patients. However, the functional role of DEK in neurons is unknown. Thus, we knocked down DEK in an in vitro neuronal model, differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, hypothesizing that DEK loss would result in cellular and molecular phenotypes consistent with AD. We found that DEK loss resulted in increased neuronal death by apoptosis (i.e., cleaved caspases 3 and 8), decreased β-catenin levels, disrupted neurite development, higher levels of total and phosphorylated Tau at Ser262, and protein aggregates. We have demonstrated that DEK loss in vitro recapitulates cellular and molecular phenotypes of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie N Greene
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lois G Parks
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matia B Solomon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lisa M Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Liu X, Gygi SP, Paulo JA. Isobaric Tag-Based Protein Profiling across Eight Human Cell Lines Using High-Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Real-Time Database Searching. Proteomics 2020; 21:e2000218. [PMID: 33015980 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A vast number of human cell lines are available for cell culture model-based studies, and as such the potential exists for discrepancies in findings due to cell line selection. To investigate this concept, the authors determine the relative protein abundance profiles of a panel of eight diverse, but commonly studied human cell lines. This panel includes HAP1, HEK293T, HeLa, HepG2, Jurkat, Panc1, SH-SY5Y, and SVGp12. A mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow designed to enhance quantitative accuracy while maintaining analytical depth is used. To this end, this strategy leverages TMTpro16-based sample multiplexing, high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry, and real-time database searching. The data show that the differences in the relative protein abundance profiles reflect cell line diversity. The authors also determine several hundred proteins to be highly enriched for a given cell line, and perform gene ontology and pathway analysis on these cell line-enriched proteins. An R Shiny application is designed to query protein abundance profiles and retrieve proteins with similar patterns. The workflows used herein can be applied to additional cell lines to aid cell line selection for addressing a given scientific inquiry or for improving an experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Zhang X, Gu W, Ma Z, Liu Y, Ru H, Zhou J, Zang Y, Xu Z, Qian G. Short-term exposure to ZnO/MCB persistent free radical particles causes mouse lung lesions via inflammatory reactions and apoptosis pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114039. [PMID: 32220747 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are easily generated in the combustion processes of municipal solid waste (MSW) and can cause adverse effects on human health. This study focuses on understanding the toxicity of EPFR particles (ZnO/MCB containing EPFRs) to human bronchial epithelial cell lines BEAS-2B and 16HBE, murine macrophages Raw264.7, and the lung of BALB/c mice after a short exposure (7 days). Exposure of BEAS-2B, 16HBE, and Raw264.7 cells to ZnO/MCB particles significantly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and perturbed levels of intracellular redox conditions (decreased the intracellular GSH level and the activity of cytosolic SOD, and stimulated oxidative stress related proteins such as HO-1 and Nrf2). EPFR particles decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and induced cell apoptosis, including the activation of Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 apoptotic signalling pathways. A signature inflammatory condition was observed in both cell models and the mouse model for lung lesions. Our data suggest that EPFRs in particles have greater toxicity to lung cells and tissues that are potential health hazards to human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Lab for Noncoding RNA & Cancer, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Hongbo Ru
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A, China
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yi Zang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A, China
| | - ZhiPing Xu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guangren Qian
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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17
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Ultrafine Particle Features Associated with Pro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses: Implications for Health Studies. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Suspected detrimental health effects associated with ultrafine particles (UFPs) are impressive. However, epidemiological evidence is still limited. This is potentially due to challenges related to UFP exposure assessment and the lack of consensus on a standard methodology for UFPs. It is imperative to focus future health studies on those UFP metrics more likely to represent health effects. This is the purpose of this paper, where we extend the results obtained during the CARE (“Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs”) experiment started in 2017 in Rome. The major purpose is to investigate features of airborne UFPs associated with pro-inflammatory and oxidative responses. Aerosol chemical, microphysical, and optical properties were measured, together with the oxidative potential, at temporal scales relevant for UFPs (minutes to hours). The biological responses were obtained using both in-vivo and in-vitro tests carried out directly under environmental conditions. Findings indicate that caution should be taken when assessing health-relevant exposure to UFPs through the conventional metrics like total particle number concentration and PM2.5 and Black Carbon (BC) mass concentration. Conversely, we recommend adding to these, a UFP source apportionment analysis and indicators for both ultrafine black carbon and the size of particles providing most of the total surface area to available toxic molecules.
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An J, He H, Yao W, Shang Y, Jiang Y, Yu Z. PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway mediates glycolytic metabolism in HepG2 cells exposed to triclosan (TCS). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105428. [PMID: 31918333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been widely used as an antibacterial agent for the last several decades in personal care products. The toxicological effect of TCS has attracted more and more attention of researchers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of TCS in HepG2 cells and to elucidate the molecular mechanism focusing on regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/forkhead box O (FoxO) pathway in the glycolytic metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the adverse effect of TCS exposure on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, the glycolysis process in HepG2 cells exposed to TCS was examined in terms of glucose consumption, lactate production and ATP generation. Furthermore, Affymetrix Human U133 plus 2.0 gene chips and gene function enrichment analysis were conducted to screen differential expression genes (DEGs) and potential signaling pathway. Expressions of the glycolysis-related proteins were measured and quantified with Western Blotting. The results showed that TCS could suppress the cell viability, induce oxidative stress, and cause mitochondrial damage. In addition, TCS exposure promoted the glycolysis process, as manifested by accelerated conversion of glucose to lactate and increased energy release. Western Blotting results confirmed that the expression levels of glycolysis related proteins were significantly elevated. The PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway was identified to play a pivot role in TCS-induced glycolysis, which was further confirmed by inhibitor tests using specific inhibitors LY294002 and MK2206. In general, TCS can induce oxidative stress, cause oxidative damages and promote glycolysis in HepG2 cells, which was mediated by the PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Huixin He
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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Paulo JA, Gygi SP. mTMT: An Alternative, Nonisobaric, Tandem Mass Tag Allowing for Precursor-Based Quantification. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12167-12172. [PMID: 31490667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope labeling of peptides is the basis for numerous mass-spectrometry-based quantification strategies. Isobaric tagging and metabolic labeling, namely, tandem mass tagging (TMT) and SILAC, are among the most widely used techniques for relative protein quantification. Here we report an alternative, precursor-based quantification method using nonisobaric TMT variants: TMTzero (TMT0) and superheavy TMT (shTMT). We term this strategy mass difference tandem mass tagging (mTMT). These TMT variants differ by 11 mass units; however, peptides labeled with these reagents coelute, analogous to SILAC-labeled peptide pairs. As a proof-of-concept, we profiled the proteomes of two cell lines that are frequently used in neuroscience studies, SH-SY5Y and SVGp12, using mTMT and standard SILAC-labeling approaches. We show similar quantified proteins and peptides for each method, with highly correlated fold-changes between workflows. We conclude that mTMT is a suitable alternative for precursor-based protein quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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