1
|
Arif M, Rauf A, Raza H, Moussa SB, Haroon SM, Alzahrani AYA, Akhter T. Catalytic reduction of nitroarenes by palladium nanoparticles decorated silica@poly(chitosan-N-isopropylacrylamide-methacrylic acid) hybrid microgels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133633. [PMID: 38964695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Conversion of toxic nitroarenes into less toxic aryl amines, which are the most suitable precursors for different types of compounds, is done with various materials which are costly or take more time for this conversion. In this regards, a silica@poly(chitosan-N-isopropylacrylamide-methacrylic acid) Si@P(CS-NIPAM-MAA) Si@P(CNM) core-shell microgel system was synthesized through free radical precipitation polymerization (FRPP) and then fabricated with palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) by in situ-reduction method to form Si@Pd-P(CNM) and characterized with XRD, TEM, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The catalytic efficiency of Si@Pd-P(CNM) hybrid microgels was studied for reduction of 4-nitroaniline (4NiA) under diverse conditions. Different nitroarenes were successfully transformed into their corresponding aryl amines with high yields using the Si@Pd-P(CNM) system as catalyst and NaBH4 as reductant. The Si@Pd-P(CNM) catalyst exhibited remarkable catalytic efficiency and recyclability as well as maintaining its catalytic effectiveness over multiple cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Raza
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ben Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mohail Asser, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah M Haroon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | | | - Toheed Akhter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arif M, Shahid M, Irfan A, Nisar J, Wu W, Farooqi ZH, Begum R. Polymer microgels for the stabilization of gold nanoparticles and their application in the catalytic reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous media. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5105-5117. [PMID: 35425556 PMCID: PMC8981384 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09380k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer microgels containing a polystyrene core and poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) shell were synthesized in aqueous media following a free radical precipitation polymerization. Au nanoparticles were fabricated into the shell region of the core–shell microgels denoted as P(STY@NIPM) by the in situ reduction of chloroauric acid with sodium borohydride. Various characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-visible) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the characterization of Au–P(STY@NIPM). The catalytic potential of Au–P(STY@NIPM) toward the reductive reaction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP) under various reaction conditions was evaluated. The Arrhenius and Eyring parameters for the catalytic reduction of 4NP were determined to explore the process of catalysis. A variety of nitroarenes were converted successfully into their corresponding aminoarenes with good to excellent yields in the presence of the Au–P(STY@NIPM) system using NaBH4 as a reductant. The Au–P(STY@NIPM) system was found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst with no significant loss in its catalytic efficiency. A core–shell microgel system was synthesized and used as a micro-reactor for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. The resulting hybrid system has the ability to catalyze the reduction of various nitroarenes in aqueous media.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jan Nisar
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Weitai Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zahoor H. Farooqi
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|