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Chung D, Kim TK, Park KW, Oh YS, Shin HS. Distribution of 35 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Pine Needle Samples from Selected Locations in the Republic of Korea. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:74. [PMID: 38733375 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dust, and wax were measured in pine needles, and PAHs were also measured in surface soil. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the analytical values. The main compounds responsible for the increase in total PAHs were non-carcinogenic phenanthrene and fluoranthene. Therefore, the % content of carcinogenic PAHs decreased with a slope = -0.037 (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), as the total PAH concentration in pine needles increased. Correlations between individual PAHs in pine needles and surface soil were very high when only low-number ring PAHs (2R- and 3R-PAHs) were statistically analyzed and significant when only high-number ring PAHs were statistically analyzed. Low-number ring PAH mainly moves in the gas phase and diffuses into the wax layer, so it was found to be statistically significant with the wax content of pine needles. High-number ring PAHs showed a high correlation with the amount of dust in pine needles because they mainly attached to dust particles and accumulated on the surface of pine needles. The ratios of fluoranthene/pyrene and methylphenanthrene/phenanthrene for predicting the origin of atmospheric PAHs have also been proven valid for pine needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chung
- Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42, Hwangyeong-Ro, Seo-Gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Kim
- Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42, Hwangyeong-Ro, Seo-Gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wan Park
- Natural Environment Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42, Hwangyeong-Ro, Seo-Gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Suk Oh
- International Advanced Analytical Institute, Dokang-Gu, Goyang, Gonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sang Shin
- International Advanced Analytical Institute, Dokang-Gu, Goyang, Gonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao K, Peng G, Wang K, Li F. Distribution, sources, and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in the watershed: the case of Yitong River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:68536-68547. [PMID: 37126174 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and substituted PAHs (SPAHs) are persistent organic pollutants prevalent globally, and SPAHs have received widespread attention in recent years due to their stronger toxicity and carcinogenicity compared to PAHs. There is a lack of systematic examination of PAHs and their derivatives in watersheds. Thus, to clarify the current status, possible sources, and potential risks of PAHs and their derivatives in watersheds, a study was conducted on Yitong River in China. The results showed that the concentrations of ∑PAHs, ∑OPAHs, and ∑NPAHs ranged from 297.9-1158.3 ng/L, 281.1-587.2 ng/L, and 65.7-269.1 ng/L, respectively. Diagnostic ratio analysis showed that the PAHs were mainly derived from petroleum sources, agricultural waste, and coal combustion. Nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) were mainly derived from liquid combustion sources, and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) were derived mainly from petroleum source emissions and atmospheric deposition. The exposure risk model of PAHs revealed that 86% of the studied sites would pose carcinogenic risks after dermal contact. The contaminant causing a major carcinogenic risk was DahA, and none of the sites produced non-carcinogenic risks. The lifetime carcinogenic risk of NPAHs was 8.85 × 10-10-1.44 × 10-4, and some surface waters presented with potential carcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Guosong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Borgulat J, Borgulat A. Biomonitoring of atmospheric PAHs using fir and spruce needles in forests in the vicinity of mountain villages. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121814. [PMID: 37201572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to use chemical analyses of spruce and fir needles to determine environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in forests surrounding small mountain towns, including popular tourist destinations. The Beskid Mountains in Poland were chosen as the study area because they are very popular with tourists. The 6- and 12 month old needles were collected in two consecutive years from permanent study plots. Two vintages of needles were used to determine the differences between seasons in the profile of deposited pollutants. Some of plots were located away from roads and buildings, while others were located near tourist destinations. The comparison plots were located in the centre of a tourist resort, near a highway, and in a forest localised in the industrial city characterised by a high degree of urbanization. The analyses of 15 PAHs content showed that the amount and type of compounds retained by the needles were influenced not only by the proximity and amount of the surface emitters, but also by the location of the research sites above sea level. The results obtained can be explained, among other things, by the phenomenon of smog, which is not uncommon in the study region in autumn and winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Borgulat
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anna Borgulat
- Central Mining Institute, Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland
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Liu X, Lu J, He S, Tong Y, Liu Z, Li W, Xiayihazi N. Evaluation of microplastic pollution in Shihezi city, China, using pine needles as a biological passive sampler. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153181. [PMID: 35051458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has attracted much attention. To understand the characteristics of atmospheric MP pollution in Shihezi, Northwest China, this study used pine needles from trees in Shihezi City as passive samplers. MP contamination was found in all pine needle samples, with an average concentration of 16.52 ± 3.76 items/g. MPs were mainly in the shape of fragments (<0.05 mm). Differences in MP pollution were observed in different functional areas. The abundance of MPs in pine needles was the highest on the main traffic road (19.02 ± 2.52 items/g). Spectral analysis showed that the main polymer of MPs was polyethylene (17.2%), followed by polystyrene (15.5%) and polypropylene (13.8%). By analyzing the principal components and spatial distribution, fragments and pellets were found to have similar sources (mainly industrial activities), whereas films and fibers were influenced by traffic flow. The source of films was related to the packaging industry. The purpose of this study was to provide a reference for the future use of pine needles as atmospheric MP passive samplers, for the traceability and prevention of urban atmospheric MP pollution and for the formulation of national atmospheric MP environmental standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Shaohua He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yanbin Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Ecological Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
| | - Nuerguli Xiayihazi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China
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Wang XT, Fu R, Zhou Y, Wang CL, Ren GF, Wang XL, Li H. Occurrence, source apportionment, and carcinogenic risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dusts in Shanghai. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65621-65632. [PMID: 34322814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as a class of important environmental pollutants, have received considerable concern due to their widespread existence and biological toxicity. The main purpose of this study was to determine concentrations, spatial distribution, possible sources, and potential health risk of PAHs in urban road dust in Shanghai, China. The concentration of Σ26PAHs ranged from 53.0 to 28,700 ng g-1 in road dust samples from Shanghai, which is at the low to medium level compared with other areas around the world. PAHs with 4-5 rings were predominant components in road dust. The level of PAHs in road dust was significantly higher than those in soil and river sediment in Shanghai. Six possible sources of PAHs were apportioned by PMF model. The contribution of pyrogenic PAHs accounted for 91.3% of the total PAHs in road dusts. The motor vehicular emission, natural gas, and coal combustion were main sources for urban road dust PAHs from Shanghai. Four dibenzopyrene (DBP) isomers were contributed averagely 75% of total TEQBaP concentration. DBalP, BaP, DBaiP, BbF, and DBA were main contributors to total carcinogenic potency, which totally contributed from 69.6 to 91.8% (median 89.1%) to total TEQBaP in urban road dusts of Shanghai. The results of incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) assessment showed that the total risk values exposed to 24 PAHs in road dust were lower than 10-4 at all sampling sites, indicating that exposure to dust-bound PAHs at present level was unlikely to result in high carcinogenic risk for both children and adults in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Tong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Rui Fu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guo-Fa Ren
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Yu H, Gong H, Chen B, Liu K, Gao M. Analysis of the influence of groundwater on land subsidence in Beijing based on the geographical weighted regression (GWR) model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139405. [PMID: 32535280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A global geological phenomenon caused by natural or human activities is described as land subsidence. Groundwater extraction plays a significant part in causing land subsidence. Due to economic development, urban expansion, and rapid population expansion, the unscientific exploitation of groundwater in Beijing has been accelerated, which makes it the region with the fastest land subsidence rate in China. To study the spatial heterogeneity of land subsidence caused by groundwater aquifers level changes, the monitoring results of land subsidence in 2003-2010 years were analyzed by using PS-InSAR, based on ENVISAT ASAR in Beijing plain area. The maximum value of accumulated land subsidence in the study area is 707 mm, and in this study area multiple subsidence center areas have been formed. A GWR model based on a regular grid has been established by exploring the effects of unconfined aquifer (UA), first confined aquifer (FCA), second confined aquifer (SCA), third confined aquifer (TCA) on land subsidence and their spatial non-stationarity. The change of subsidence in all subsidence areas is positively related to the change of SCA water level. Except the fact that the main control factors of Liyuan and Songzhuang are the change of UA layer, the change of SCA is the main control factor of land subsidence in most subsidence areas. Though the contribution rate of SCA to land subsidence is the highest, the contribution rate of TCA has been increasing. It is predicted that the impact on land subsidence will increase year by year. The results of this will not only help to understand the spatial impact patterns of aquifers on land subsidence zones, but also to formulate optimal groundwater regulation and recharge policies. There is a scarcity of the consideration of the compressible layer in the study and it will become more comprehensive if further datasets are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairuo Yu
- Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; The Key Lab of Resource Environment and GIS of Beijing, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism, Prevention and Mitigation of Land Subsidence, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Huili Gong
- Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; The Key Lab of Resource Environment and GIS of Beijing, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism, Prevention and Mitigation of Land Subsidence, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; The Key Lab of Resource Environment and GIS of Beijing, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism, Prevention and Mitigation of Land Subsidence, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kaisi Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; The Key Lab of Resource Environment and GIS of Beijing, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism, Prevention and Mitigation of Land Subsidence, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mingliang Gao
- Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; The Key Lab of Resource Environment and GIS of Beijing, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Base of the State Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Process and Digital Modeling, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of 3D Information Acquisition and Application, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism, Prevention and Mitigation of Land Subsidence, MOE, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Wei W, Wu L, Liu X, Chen Z, Hao Q, Wang D, Liu Y, Peng L, Ni BJ. How does synthetic musks affect methane production from the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136594. [PMID: 31951844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of synthetic musks has led to a large amount of synthetic musks retaining in waste activated sludge (WAS) via wastewater treatment, thereby entering anaerobic digester. However, the potential effects of synthetic musks on WAS anaerobic digestion remain unknown. Herein, this study selected the dominant galaxolide (HHCB) in WAS as the typical synthetic musks and experimentally evaluated the long-term effects on WAS anaerobic digestion using continuous lab-scale anaerobic digesters as well as the mechanisms involved. The results demonstrated that the increased HHCB levels (i.e., 90, 150 and 200 mg/kg-dw) resulted in the decreased methane production, with the methane production at 200 mg/kg-dw being only 80.5 ± 0.1% of the control. Supporting the methane production data, volatile solids (VS) destruction decreased by 18.6 ± 0.9%, which increased 6.8% of volume waste sludge for transfer and disposal. Correspondingly, the microbial community was shifted in the direction against anaerobic digestion. By modeling based on biochemical methane potential tests and investigating the key stages involved in anaerobic digestion, it was found that although the HHCB showed little impacts on the solubilization, WAS hydrolysis-acidification steps was inhibited by HHCB with the decreased hydrolysis rate and methane production potential, thereby causing the deteriorated performance of WAS anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qiang Hao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dongbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Lai Peng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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