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Kumaragamage D, Hettiarachchi GM, Amarakoon I, Goltz D, Indraratne S. Phosphorus fractions and speciation in an alkaline, manured soil amended with alum, gypsum, and Epsom salt. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024; 53:314-326. [PMID: 38453693 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Snowmelt runoff is a dominant pathway of phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural lands in cold climatic regions. Soil amendments effectively reduce P losses from soils by converting P to less soluble forms; however, changes in P speciation in cold climatic regions with fall-applied amendments have not been investigated. This study evaluated P composition in soils from a manured field with fall-amended alum (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O), gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), or Epsom salt (MgSO4·7H2O) using three complementary methods: sequential P fractionation, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-rays (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy, and P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). Plots were established in an annual crop field in southern Manitoba, Canada, with unamended and amended (2.5 Mg ha-1) treatments having four replicates in 2020 fall. Soil samples (0-10 cm) taken from each plot soon after spring snowmelt in 2021 were subjected to P fractionation. A composite soil sample for each treatment was analyzed using SEM-EDX and XANES. Alum- and Epsom salt-treated soils had significantly greater residual P fraction with a higher proportion of apatite-like P and a correspondingly lower proportion of P sorbed to calcite (CaCO3) than unamended and gypsum-amended soils. Backscattered electron imaging of SEM-EDX revealed that alum- and Epsom salt-amended treatments had P-enriched microsites frequently associated with aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), which was not observed in other treatments. Induced precipitation of apatite-like species may have been responsible for reduced P loss to snowmelt previously reported with fall application of amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshani Kumaragamage
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Inoka Amarakoon
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Doug Goltz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Srimathie Indraratne
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Yan J, Wu L, Zhang F, Cao Y, Benoit G, Zhang S. Effects of switching redox conditions on sediment phosphorus immobilization by calcium/aluminum composite capping: Performance, ecological safety and mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140294. [PMID: 37758078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
There many materials were used in lake restoration to immobilize phosphorus (P) and reduce the effect of eutrophication. Among them, calcium/aluminum composite (CAC) showed a good capacity of P adsorption. However, a comprehensive of its performance, ecological safety, and the mechanism of P passivation in the aluminum-bound P (Al -P) dominated sediments under varying redox conditions remains incomplete. In the current study, both unwashed CAC (UCAC) and washed CAC (WCAC) showed good P adsorption properties, and the greatest maximum capacity for P adsorption (Qmax) reached 206.8 mg/g at pH 8.5 for UCAC. The SRP and TP in the overlying water of the uncapped sediments showed a decrease-increase-decrease trend in a sequence of transition from aerobic to anaerobic to re-aerobic stages. In contrast, the SRP and TP of the two CACs-capped sediments were maintained low. Phosphorus forms in the uncapped sediment also underwent significant changes during continuous variation of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. In particular, the decrease in iron-bound P (Fe-P) and Al-P was significantly promoted in the anaerobic phase, and the released P was reabsorbed to form mainly Fe-P in the re-aerobic phase. The CACs-capping promoted the transformation of Fe-P to residual P (Res-P), forming a thick static layer in the surface sediment, thus significantly inhibiting sediment P release. Moreover, the CACs-capping did not induce the Al3+ leaching and significant changes of the microbial community in sediments, and their performances of P immobilization could keep stable to resist the redox variation, which promised to be a good choice for P passivation in eutrophic lake sediments dominated by Al/Fe-P. These findings also confirmed that the risk of P release from Al/Fe-P (mainly Al-P)-dominated sediments was strongly influenced by continuously changing redox conditions, and was probably enhanced by the formation of Fe-P from the resorption of the released P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Laiyan Wu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanmin Cao
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gaboury Benoit
- Yale School of the Environment, New Haven, 06511, United States
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Wu Z, Jiang X, Chen J, Wang S, Yao C. Geochemistry and release risk for nutrients in lake sediments based on diffusive gradients in thin films. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40588-40607. [PMID: 36622617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the mobility of both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and the inter-relationships between P, N, and iron (Fe) in sediments is important for controlling the "internal loadings" of nutrients in lakes. In this research, diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) assemblies with binding layers (ZrO-AT, chelex, and ZrO) were designed for PO4-P, Fe, ammonium (NH4-N), and nitrate (NO3-N) at sediment/water interface (SWI) in Western Lake Taihu (China). The biogeochemical processes of N and P related to the physicochemical properties, the dynamic P transfer, the distribution characteristics of P microniches, and the estimation of the release risks in sediments in Western Lake Taihu were simultaneously revealed by the passive sampling technique-DGT with the high spatial resolutions (millimeter and sub-millimeter). Based on DGT concentration (CDGT) related to physicochemical properties in sediments, (1) P biogeochemical reactions included P release from Fe-bound P during Fe reduction, algae biomass decomposition, and phosphatase enzyme activity increased by NH4-N; (2) denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) led to exchangeable ammonium (NH4ex) enrichment and NH4-N release; anammox depleted NH4-N transfer; organic matter (OM) mineralization favored NH4-N release; and (3) aerobic nitrification led to NO3-N remobilization; denitrification and DNRA reduced NO3-N release. Redox status, OM, Fe, aluminum, or calcium influenced mobilization of nutrients. The numerical model of DGT-induced fluxes in sediments was used for dynamic P transfers with resupply types ("slow" ~ "fast") controlled by labile P pool, resupply constant, response time, and Dspt rate. The formation of P microniches in two dimensions was revealed. Sediment P release risk index (0.49 ~ 36.85 [lg (nmol cm-3 d-1)]) with "light" ~ "high" risks and diffusive fluxes across SWI (µg m-2 d-1) of 15.0 ~ 639 (PO4-P), - 1403 ~ 5010 (NH4-N), and - 1395 ~ 149 (NO3-N) were derived and lake management strategies were provided. The DGT technique provides the characterization of the mobilization of nutrients and evidence for biogeochemical processes at the fine spatial scales for control of internal loadings in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China. .,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Cheng Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China.,College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Wang Y, Li S, Liu S, Li F, Zhou Z. Three kinds of active thin-layer capping materials for reducing the phosphorus load in eutrophic water body: comparison in dynamic experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16427-16435. [PMID: 34651265 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this article, dynamic simulation experiments have studied the effects of three capping materials, quartz sand (QS), aluminum-based phosphorus-locking agent (Al-PIA), and lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB) in reducing phosphorus load in eutrophic water bodies. The changes of various forms of phosphorus in Al-PIA and sediment before and after the test were analyzed, and the mechanism of phosphorus migration and transformation in different capping systems was described. The dynamic simulation test lasted 95 days. The results showed that when the initial concentration of total phosphorus (TP) was 3.55 mg/L, the capping strength was 2 kg/m2 and the hydraulic retention time of water circulation was 0.5 days, indicating that the average reduction rates of TP by LMB, Al-PIA and QS systems were 74.66%, 69.54%, and 3.64%, respectively, compared with the control system. The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the TP concentration of the overlying water between the LMB, Al-PIA capping system, and the control system. Lanthanum ions in LMB can fix phosphorus. Al-PIA reduces the phosphorus concentration in water by means of ion exchange, adsorption, complexation, etc. LMB and Al-PIA promoted the migration of phosphorus in sediment. Among them, the phosphorus fixed by Al-PIA was mainly in the form of non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) in inorganic phosphorus (IP), which can be seen; Al-PIA can effectively reduce the phosphorus load of eutrophic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shupo Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Zhihao W, Xia J, Shuhang W, Li Z, Lixin J, Junyi C, Qing C, Kun W, Cheng Y. Mobilization and geochemistry of nutrients in sediment evaluated by diffusive gradients in thin films: Significance for lake management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112770. [PMID: 34020304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of in-situ mobilization of both nitrogen (N) and phosphate (PO43-) in sediment is important for lake management strategy. In this paper, diffusion gradients in thin films (DGT) and DGT induced flux in sediments (DIFS) model are newly designed for in-situ measurement of iron (Fe), PO43-, nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4-N), and nutrients' mobility in sediment in Lake Nanhu (China). According to DGT profiles together with physicochemical properties in sediment, (I) PO43- is released from (i) Fe-bound P plus loosely sorbed P in anoxic sediment and (ii) the loosely sorbed P in oxic sediment; (II) anoxic sediment inhibits nitrification and NO3-N release, but it favors denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), leading to NH4-N release; (III) Eh and organic matter are two key influence factors on mobility of PO43-, NO3-N and NH4-N. According to DIFS calculation, the dynamics of desorption and diffusion at two sites belong to (i) slow rate of resupply and (ii) fast resupply cases, respectively. Internal loadings are estimated to be 92.74 (PO43-), 268.1 (NH4-N) and -2466 kg a-1 (NO3-N), which reflects sediment mainly acts as a source for PO43- and NH4-N, and a sink for NO3-N in water. Based on sediment P release risk index (SPRRI), P release risks in lake sediments are estimated, ranging from light to relative high level. DGT and SPRRI aid choice of restoration methods for sediment, including sediment dredging, phytoremediation and in-situ inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhihao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wang Shuhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jiao Lixin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chen Junyi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Cai Qing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wang Kun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Institute of Lake Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Chen C, Wang Y, Chen K, Shi X, Yang G. Using hydrogen peroxide to control cyanobacterial blooms: A mesocosm study focused on the effects of algal density in Lake Chaohu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115923. [PMID: 33139095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to control harmful algal blooms is affected by algal density and species. In the present study, a simulation field study was carried out to evaluate the removal of cyanobacteria with high algal density (chlorophyll a of approximately 220-250 μg/L) and low algal density (chlorophyll a of approximately 30-50 μg/L) using 10, 20 mg/L H2O2 and 5 mg/L H2O2. The dynamics of algal biomass, nutrients, microcystins, phytoplankton, and zooplankton were measured within 7 d. The results showed that 5 mg/L H2O2 effectively eliminated algal biomass (measured as chlorophyll a and phycocyanin) and inhibited 50% of the photosynthetic activity of the cyanobacteria at 7 d in the low algal cell density group, while the same inhibition rate was observed in the high algal cell density group when the H2O2 was 20 mg/L. However, using a high dosage of H2O2, such as 10 mg/L, to suppress cyanobacteria with high biomass could result in a dramatic increase in nutrients and microcystins in the water column. The portion of eukaryotic algae, such as Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta, in the phytoplankton community increased with increasing H2O2 concentrations; moreover, the dominant species of cyanobacteria changed from the nontoxic genus Dactylococcopsis to the toxic genus Oscillatoria, which may result in acute toxicity to zooplankton. Our results demonstrated that the application of H2O2 to control cyanobacterial blooms at the early stage when algal cell density was low posed less potential ecological risks and may have increased the diversity of the phytoplankton community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Chengdu Environmental Protection Research Institute, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Kaining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Wu J, Lin J, Zhan Y. Interception of phosphorus release from sediments using Mg/Fe-based layered double hydroxide (MF-LDH) and MF-LDH coated magnetite as geo-engineering tools. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139749. [PMID: 32535461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A magnesium/iron-based layered double hydroxide (MF-LDH) and a composite of MF-LDH and magnetite (MF-LDH@Fe3O4) were synthesized, characterized and used as solid-phase phosphorus (P)-sorbents (SPPSs) to control the release of sedimentary P. The behavior and mechanism of phosphate adsorption onto MF-LDH and MF-LDH@Fe3O4 were studied. The effect of MF-LDH capping and amendment on the migration of P in sediments were comparatively investigated, and the impact of fabric-wrapped and unwrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping on P mobilization in sediments were also comparatively investigated. Results showed that both MF-LDH and MF-LDH@Fe3O4 had good phosphate adsorption performance, and the adsorption mechanisms included cation exchange, electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange and inner-sphere complex formation. Sediment capping and amendment using MF-LDH both could dramatically reduce the risk of the release of soluble reactive P (SRP) and diffusive gradient in thin-films-labile P (P-DGT) from sediments into overlying waters (OLY-Ws), and the MF-LDH capping had a better suppressing efficiency of sediment-P release into OLY-W than the MF-LDH amendment. Sediment capping with the fabric-wrapped and unwrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 both greatly decreased the risk of SRP and P-DGT released from sediment into OLY-W, and the efficiency of the prevention of SRP released from sediment into OLY-W by the fabric-wrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping layer (about 81-90%) was slightly lower than that by the unwrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping layer (about 94-99%). The reduction of P-DGT in the top sediment and the direct interception of the soluble P from pore water (POR-W) to OLY-W by the MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping layer were the keys to the management of P released from sediment by the MF-LDH@Fe3O4 capping. From the standpoint of the efficiency of sedimentary P suppression, the convenience of application and the sustainability of sediment remediation, sediment capping with the fabric-wrapped MF-LDH@Fe3O4 is a promising approach to manage the release of sedimentary P into OLY-W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yanhui Zhan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Norgbey E, Li Y, Ya Z, Li R, Nwankwegu AS, Takyi-Annan GE, Luo F, Jin W, Huang Y, Sarpong L. High resolution evidence of iron-phosphorus-sulfur mobility at hypoxic sediment water interface: An insight to phosphorus remobilization using DGT-induced fluxes in sediments model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138204. [PMID: 32408451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The deterioration of reservoirs in southern China due to the kinetics of Iron (Fe), Phosphorus (P) and sulphide (S) at the sediment-water interface (SWI) is a major problem that needs urgent attention. Studies on the biogeochemistry of Fe, P, and S using high-resolution profile techniques in reservoirs in this region are limited. The diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique, high-resolution dialysis, DGT-computer imaging densitometry (CID), DGT-induced fluxes in sediments (DIFS) and planar optode (PO) device were used to describe the dynamics Fe-P-S in SWI during hypoxia. The results showed the release of Fe-P-S in SWI was due to sulfate reduction and iron reduction influenced greatly by hypoxia. Positive apparent fluxes were recorded indicating that the sediments release Fe-P-S to the overlying water. High positive correlations (r2 > 0.7) for DGT-labile Fe and DGT-labile P in sediments revealed that iron-bound P controlled the release of P at SWI during reductive dissolution. The low correlation between DGT-labile Fe and DGT-labile S (r2 < 0.4) disclosed the combative nature between sulfate reduction and iron reduction process. The low correlation occurred because of the co-precipitation between Fe and S, forming black materials such as monosulfide (FeS) and pyrite (FeS2) in a hypoxic environment. The DIFS model showed the resupply ability (R-values) of P in sediments belonged to the partially sustained case with a steady state case of resupply at TB3 (Tc = 1088s, Kd = 1005.61 cm3/g R = 0.72, K-1 = 0.19 day-1) and TB4 (Tc = 712 s, Kd = 712.53 cm3/g, R = 0.78, K-1 = 0.46 day-1). The resupply rate belonged to the non-steady state case at TB1 (Tc = 10,990 s, Kd = 396.3 cm3/g, R = 0.35, K-1 = 0.07 day-1) and TB2 (Tc = 6097 s, Kd = 578.5 cm3/g, R = 0.45, K-1 = 0.10 day-1). The DGT-CID-PO-DIFS provided a deep insight on the mechanism of Fe-P-S and remobilization of P at SWI leading to Blackwater events and eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyram Norgbey
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Zhu Ya
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ronghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Amechi S Nwankwegu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Georgina Esi Takyi-Annan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Fan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Linda Sarpong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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