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Gan Y, Zhang Z, Liu F, Chen Z, Guo Q, Zhu Z, Ren Y. Analysis of characteristics and changes in three-dimensional spatial and temporal distribution of aerosol types in Central Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172196. [PMID: 38580123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol types and characteristics have regional and seasonal characteristics mainly due spatial and temporal differences in emission sources and diffuse transport conditions. We explored regional three-dimensional spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of aerosol types in Central Asia from daytime to nighttime by using long-term (2007-2021) CALIPSO lidar measurements. The three results are as follows: (1) Average aerosol optical depth (AOD) values during the 14 years were 0.44 and 0.47 during daytime and nighttime, respectively, with an overall decreasing trend, among which the AOD in spring in the southern border region and in winter in the northern border region showed high values, 0.66 and 0.31 during daytime and 0.69 and 0.33 during nighttime, respectively, and nighttime AOD values were higher than those of daytime, possibly due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio of the CALIPSO during the daytime than during the nighttime. (2) The primary representative aerosol type in the Taklamakan Desert region being pure sand and dust, and more apparent winter-polluted sand and dust exist along the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang in winter than in other areas. High-altitude soot mainly existed below 4 km and was primarily concentrated in northern Central Asia, with the highest values (0.016 and 0.003) in summer and winter, respectively, which may be due to different diffusion and transport conditions. (3) Dust aerosols in spring were mainly concentrated in the region of 2-6 km in the Taklamakan Desert area; pure dust particles in summer and fall lifted height diffusion and gradually moved to the northern border region; polluted dust was mainly in northern Xinjiang in fall and winter and spread to northern Central Asia; and the average top height of aerosols in the transmission process reached the top of the troposphere, and transmission height was higher than source area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gan
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; MNR Technology Innovation Center for Central Asia Geo-Information Exploitation and Utilization, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Fangqing Liu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zewei Chen
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Qingfu Guo
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zhengnan Zhu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yuxin Ren
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Rupakheti D, Aculinin A, Rupakheti M, Dahal S, Rai M, Yin X, Yu X, Abdullaev SF, Hu J. Insights on aerosol properties using two decades-long ground-based remote sensing datasets in Moldova, Eastern Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122535. [PMID: 37696329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol optical properties were studied over Chisinau in Moldova, one of the longest running AERONET sites in Eastern Europe. During two decades (September 1999-November 2018), the mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE) were observed as 0.21 ± 0.13 and 1.49 ± 0.29, respectively. The highest AOD (0.24 ± 0.13) and AE (1.60 ± 0.26) were observed during the summer. More than half (∼55%) of the share was occupied by clean continental aerosols with seasonal order of winter (74.8%) > autumn (62%) > spring (48.9%) > summer (44.8%) followed by mixed aerosols with a respective contribution of 30.7% (summer), 28.4% (spring), 22.5 (autumn) and 16.4% (winter). A clear dominance of volume size distribution in the fine mode indicated the stronger influence of anthropogenic activities resulting in fine aerosol load in the atmosphere. The peak in the fine mode was centered at 0.15 μm, whereas that of the coarse mode was centered either at 3.86 μm (summer and autumn) or 5.06 μm (spring and winter). 'Extreme' aerosol events were observed during 21 days with a mean AOD (AE) of 0.99 ± 0.32 (1.43 ± 0.43), whereas 'strong' events were observed during 123 days with a mean AOD (AE) of 0.57 ± 0.07 (1.44 ± 0.40), mainly influenced by anthropogenic aerosols (during 19 and 101 days of each event type) from urban/industrial and biomass burning indicated by high AE and fine mode fraction. During the whole period (excluding events days), the fine and coarse mode peaks were observed at the radius of 0.15 and 5.06 μm, which in the case of extreme (strong) events were at 0.19 (0.15) and 3.86 (2.24) μm respectively. The fine mode volume concentration was 4.78 and 3.32 times higher, whereas the coarse mode volume concentration was higher by a factor of 1.98 and 2.27 during extreme and strong events compared to the whole period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Rupakheti
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies (InFeRS), Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Alexandr Aculinin
- Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Moldova State University (MSU), 5 Academiei Str., Chisinau, MD-2028, Moldova
| | - Maheswar Rupakheti
- Research Institute for Sustainability-Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sishir Dahal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Himalaya College of Engineering, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Mukesh Rai
- Greenhood Nepal, New Baneshwor, Kathmandu 45305, Nepal
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xingna Yu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Sabur F Abdullaev
- Physical Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Rupakheti D, Rupakheti M, Rai M, Yu X, Yin X, Kang S, Orozaliev MD, Sinyakov VP, Abdullaev SF, Sulaymon ID, Hu J. Characterization of columnar aerosol over a background site in Central Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120501. [PMID: 36283470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ground-based observational characterization of atmosphere aerosols over Central Asia is very limited. This study investigated the columnar aerosol characteristics over Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan, a background site in Central Asia using the long-term (∼14 years: August 2007-November 2021) data acquired with the Cimel sunphotometer. The mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE) during the observation period were 0.14 ± 0.10 and 1.19 ± 0.41, respectively. Both AOD and AE varied across seasons, with highest AOD in spring (0.17 ± 0.17). Regarding the aerosol types, clean continental aerosols were dominant type (65%), followed by mixed aerosols (∼19%), clean marine aerosols (∼14%), dust (0.8%), and urban/industrial and biomass burning aerosol (0.7%). The aerosol volume size distribution was bimodal indicating the influence of both anthropogenic and natural aerosols with clear dominance of coarse mode during the spring season. Mainly dust and mixed aerosols were present during high aerosol episodes while the coarse mode aerosol volume concentration was 7.5 (strong episodes) and ∼19 (extreme episodes) times higher than the whole period average. Aerosol over this background sites were from local and regional sources with some contribution of long-range transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Rupakheti
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
| | | | - Mukesh Rai
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Xingna Yu
- Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Musapar D Orozaliev
- Institute of Innovative Professions, Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture Named After N Isanov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Valery P Sinyakov
- Institute of Innovative Professions, Kyrgyz State University of Construction, Transport and Architecture Named After N Isanov, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Sabur F Abdullaev
- Physical Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Ishaq Dimeji Sulaymon
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jianlin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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Chen P, Kang S, Zhang L, Abdullaev SF, Wan X, Zheng H, Maslov VA, Abdyzhapar Uulu S, Safarov MS, Tripathee L, Li C. Organic aerosol compositions and source estimation by molecular tracers in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119055. [PMID: 35227849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular composition and sources of organic aerosols in Central Asia, carbonaceous compounds, major ions, and 15 organic molecular tracers of total suspended particulates (TSP) were analyzed from September 2018 to August 2019 in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Extremely high TSP concentrations (annual mean ± std: 211 ± 131 μg m-3) were observed, particularly during summer (seasonal mean ± std: 333 ± 183 μg m-3). Organic carbon (OC: 11.9 ± 7.0 μg m-3) and elemental carbon (EC: 5.1 ± 2.2 μg m-3) exhibited distinct seasonal variations from TSP, with the highest values occurring in winter. A high concentration of Ca2+ was observed (11.9 ± 9.2 μg m-3), accounting for 50.8% of the total ions and reflecting the considerable influence of dust on aerosols. Among the measured organic molecular tracers, levoglucosan was the predominant compound (632 ± 770 ng m-3), and its concentration correlated significantly with OC and EC during the study period. These findings highlight biomass burning (BB) as an important contributor to the particulate air pollution in Dushanbe. High ratios of levoglucosan to mannosan, and syringic acid to vanillic acid suggest that mixed hardwood and herbaceous plants were the main burning materials in the area, with softwood being a minor one. According to the diagnostic tracer ratio, OC derived from BB constituted a large fraction of the primary OC (POC) in ambient aerosols, accounting for an annual mean of nearly 30% and reaching 63% in winter. The annual contribution of fungal spores to POC was 10%, with a maximum of 16% in spring. Measurements of plant debris, accounting for 3% of POC, divulged that these have the same variation as fungal spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sabur F Abdullaev
- S.U.Umarov Physical Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, 734063, Tajikistan
| | - Xin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huijun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Vladimir A Maslov
- S.U.Umarov Physical Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, 734063, Tajikistan
| | - Salamat Abdyzhapar Uulu
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia (Bishkek), 720001, Kyrgyzstan; Geography Department, Geology Institute, National Academy of Sciences, 720001, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Mustafo S Safarov
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia (Dushanbe), 734063, Tajikistan
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chaoliu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Interannual and Seasonal Variation of Optical and Microphysical Properties of Aerosol in the Baikal Region. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper analyzes the interannual, seasonal variations of the optical and microphysical characteristics of aerosol in the Baikal region atmosphere according to measurements using the CIMEL sun photometer of the AERONET network at Tory station and according to the data of expedition measurements using the SP-9 sun photometer on the southeastern coast of Lake Baikal from 2010 to 2020. It is shown that in recent years, there has been an increase of the average monthly aerosol optical depth (AOD) values in the summer months, which is consistent with an increase in smoke emission due to annual large-scale wildfires in the boreal forests of Siberia and Yakutia in summer. Aerosol classification was carried out based on filtration and selection of the prevailing types of aerosols by analysis of aerosol optical depth and Angstrom exponent. It was revealed that in summer, the proportion of the smoke component of the aerosol optical depth increases to 30% compared to the spring. In the presence of smoke advection, the close relationship of AOD with the concentrations of the microdispersed aerosol fraction PM10 and PM2.5 was revealed. The correlation coefficients between the concentration of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and AOD were 0.87 and 0.86, respectively.
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Li J, He Q, Ge X, Abbas A, Jin L. Spatio-temporal changes of AOD in Xinjiang of China from 2000 to 2019: Which factor is more influential, natural factor or human factor? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253942. [PMID: 34411113 PMCID: PMC8376058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol optical depth (AOD), which represents the optical attenuation, poses a major threat to the production activity, air quality, human health and regional sustainable development of arid and semi-arid areas. To some degree, AOD shows areal air pollution level and possesses obvious spatio-temporal characteristics. However, long-time sequences and detailed AOD information can not be provided due to currently limited monitoring technology. In this paper, a daily AOD product, MODIS-based Multi-angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC), is deployed to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2000 to 2019. In addition, the importance of influencing factors for AOD is calculated through Random Forest (RF) Model and the propagation trajectories of pollutants are simulated through Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) Model. Spatio distribution of AOD presents a tendency that AOD value in northern Xinjiang is low while the value in southern Xinjiang is high. Regions with high AOD values are mainly concentrated in Tarim Basin. AOD in southern Xinjiang is the highest, followed by that in eastern Xinjiang and AOD value in northern Xinjiang is the lowest. Seasonal variation of AOD is significant: Spring (0.309) > summer (0.200) > autumn (0.161) > winter (0.158). Average AOD value in Xinjiang is 0.196. AOD appears wavy from 2000 to 2014 with its low inflection point (0.157) appearing in 2005, and then increases, reaching its peak in 2014 (0.223). The obvious downward tendency after 2014 shows that the use of coal to natural gas (NG) conversion project improves the conditions of local environment. According to RF Model, NG contributes most to AOD. HYSPLIT Model reveals that aerosol in southern Xinjiang is related to the short-distant carriage of dust aerosol from the Taklimakan Desert. Aerosol there can affect Inner Mongolia through long-distant transport. Blocked by the Tianshan Mountains, fine dust particles can not cross the Tianshan Mountains to become a factor contributing to AOD in northern Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Li
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing He
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiangyu Ge
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Alim Abbas
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.,Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lili Jin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Rupakheti D, Kang S, Rupakheti M, Chen P, Gautam S, Rai M, Yin X, Kang H. Black Carbon in Surface Soil and Its Sources in Three Central Asian Countries. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:558-566. [PMID: 33772632 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) aerosol impacts the air quality, public health, agricultural productivity, weather, monsoon, cryosphere, and climate system from the local to the global scale. However, its distribution over vast Central Asia is poorly known, because it is one of the poorly sampled regions of the world. BC in the soil can be resuspended into the atmosphere and transported to downwind regions with sensitive ecosystems and vulnerable populations, such as from Central Asian countries to the cryospheric regions in the Tianshan Mountain and the Tibetan Plateau, which could accelerate the melting of the snowfields and glaciers. We report the distribution of BC and total organic carbon (TOC) in surface soil with samples collected at multiple sites, for the first time, over three countries in Central Asia (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan). The mean BC (TOC) concentrations over three countries were 0.06 ± 0.06 (11.86 ± 4.84) mg g-1, 0.15 ± 0.21 (20.35 ± 10.96) mg g-1, and 0.32 ± 0.29 (26.45 ± 20.38) mg g-1, respectively. They were found to be originated from the same or similar sources, at least over Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, as indicated by their high and significant correlation (R2 > 0.6, p < 0.001). The char/soot ratio indicated the diesel and gasoline combustion as dominant BC sources over this region. To gain further insights into the soil BC and its implications to air quality, climate, and cryosphere, future studies should include a wider area over Central Asia with different land-use types and other soil parameters combined with atmospheric simulations for this important yet relatively less studied region of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Rupakheti
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | | | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sangita Gautam
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mukesh Rai
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huhu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Li J, Ge X, He Q, Abbas A. Aerosol optical depth (AOD): spatial and temporal variations and association with meteorological covariates in Taklimakan desert, China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10542. [PMID: 33505790 PMCID: PMC7792517 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a key parameter that reflects aerosol characteristics. However, research on the AOD of dust aerosols and various environmental variables is scarce. Therefore, we conducted in-depth studies on the distributions and variations of AOD in the Taklimakan Desert and its margins, China. We examined the correlation characteristics between AOD and meteorological factors combined with satellite remote sensing detection methods using MCD19A2-MODIS AOD products (from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015), MOD13Q1-MODIS normalized difference vegetation index products, and meteorological data. We analyzed the temporal and spatial distributions of AOD, periodic change trends, and important impacts of meteorological factors on AOD in the Taklimakan Desert and its margins. To explore the relationships between desert aerosols and meteorological factors, a random forest model was used along with environmental variables to predict AOD and rank factor contributions. Results indicated that the monthly average AOD exhibited a clear unimodal curve that reached its maximum in April. The AOD values followed the order spring (0.28) > summer (0.27) > autumn (0.18) > winter (0.17). This seasonality is clear and can be related to the frequent sandstorms occurring in spring and early summer. Interannual AOD showed a gradually increasing trend to 2010 then large changes to 2015. AOD tends to increase from south to north. Based on the general trend, the maximum value of AOD is more dispersed and its low-value area is always stable. The climatic index that has the most significant effect on AOD is relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Li
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.,Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiangyu Ge
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.,Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing He
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.,Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, China
| | - Alim Abbas
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.,Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, China
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