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Sahoo MM. Microplastic pollution in surface sediments of Coromandel coastline, South-East Coast, India: Diversity index, carbonyl index, pollution load index, risk fraction and MPs inventory. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124179. [PMID: 38763293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The investigation along the Coromandel coastline of South-east India focused on assessing microplastics abundance using Simpson's diversity index (DIMP), Degradation-carbonyl index (DgCIMP), Pollution load index (PLIMP) and Ecological risk fraction (RfMP). These indices evaluated the dissemination and transportation of MPs across a 1076 km stretch divided into five zones from Chennai to Kanyakumari. During the wet season, average microplastics abundance (101 ± 36.6 items/kg dw) was lower compared to the dry season (143 ± 56.2 items/kg dw). Notably, 54% and 45% of microplastics were found in the 0.1-0.5 mm size range, with 45% and 64% being colored microplastics, and 80% and 71% being fibers during the wet and dry seasons respectively. Micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (μFTIR) analysis showed rayon (34%) and PE (64%) dominance in ports and estuaries during both seasons. Kottaipattinam Port exhibited higher diversity indices (DIMPsh=0.56,DIMPsz=0.66,DIMPco=0.50andDIMPpo=0.65) compared to other zones, with an overall diversity index IDIMP of 0.57. Notably, among the DgCIMP values (n = 96), only 12 fell within the moderate photo-chemical oxidation range (0.16-0.35), while the majority (n = 60) surpassed 0.35 indicating higher oxidation levels, with some (n = 24) exceeding 0.50, signifying extreme oxidation. PLIMP revealed that 42% of sampling stations had very low to negligible MP contamination levels in ports and estuaries. However, ecological risk fraction RfMP values ranged from 10.2 to 13,670, with 27% of values exceeding 1500, indicating higher coastal ecological risk in 13 sampling stations.
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Förderer EM, Rödder D, Langer MR. Global diversity patterns of larger benthic foraminifera under future climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:969-981. [PMID: 36413112 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming threatens the viability of tropical coral reefs and associated marine calcifiers, including symbiont-bearing larger benthic foraminifera (LBF). The impacts of current climate change on LBF are debated because they were particularly diverse and abundant during past warm periods. Studies on the responses of selected LBF species to changing environmental conditions reveal varying results. Based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on LBF species occurrences, we applied species distribution modeling using Maxent to estimate present-day and future species richness patterns on a global scale for the time periods 2040-2050 and 2090-2100. For our future projections, we focus on Representative Concentration Pathway 6.0 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which projects mean surface temperature changes of +2.2°C by the year 2100. Our results suggest that species richness in the Central Indo-Pacific is two to three times higher than in the Bahamian ecoregion, which we have identified as the present-day center of LBF diversity in the Atlantic. Our future predictions project a dramatic temperature-driven decline in low-latitude species richness and an increasing widening bimodal latitudinal pattern of species diversity. While the central Indo-Pacific, now the stronghold of LBF diversity, is expected to be most pushed outside of the currently realized niches of most species, refugia may be largely preserved in the Atlantic. LBF species will face large-scale non-analogous climatic conditions compared to currently realized climate space in the near future, as reflected in the extensive areas of extrapolation, particularly in the Indo-Pacific. Our study supports hypotheses that species richness and biogeographic patterns of LBF will fundamentally change under future climate conditions, possibly initiating a faunal turnover by the late 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
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Akther S, Suzuki J, Pokhrel P, Okada T, Imamura M, Enomoto T, Kuwahara Y, Fujita M. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the coastal sediments of an urbanized atoll in the central Pacific: Majuro Atoll, the Marshall Islands. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:843. [PMID: 34837143 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pacific atolls are extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Coral reef ecosystems, which are responsible for the island formation and maintenance, can potentially keep pace with rising sea levels. Such ecosystems are sensitive to pollution; however, the sources and levels of atoll pollutants caused by urbanization have rarely been investigated. In this study, we assessed the heavy metal pollution (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) of coastal sediments to evaluate the effects of urbanization on Majuro Atoll, the Marshall Islands. The densely populated area had the most significant pollution with high levels of Pb, Mn, Zn, and Cu due to road traffic activity. Domestic wastewater, a major pollution source in Pacific atolls, was not identified. Remarkably, the Zn and Pb levels in the lagoonal coasts of the remote island area were 697 - 1539 and 22 - 337 times higher, respectively, than in the natural area of Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu. Thus, the remote island and sparsely populated areas were significantly polluted because of the maritime traffic activity in the lagoon and debris accumulation in/around the lagoon. This pollution resulted from improper municipal solid waste management of the main island. The contamination factor, pollution load index, and geo-accumulation index indicated high levels of heavy metal pollution in these areas. Urbanization of the atoll clearly resulted in a distinct heavy metal composition and high pollution levels compared with Funafuti Atoll. These findings emphasize the importance of pollution management in the conservation and rehabilitation of urbanized atolls threatened by future sea-level rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumona Akther
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Jumpei Suzuki
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | - Preeti Pokhrel
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Okada
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | - Masahiro Imamura
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
| | - Tadao Enomoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuwahara
- Global and Local Environment Co-Creation Institute, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fujita
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 316-8511, Japan.
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Prazeres M, Roberts TE, Ramadhani SF, Doo SS, Schmidt C, Stuhr M, Renema W. Diversity and flexibility of algal symbiont community in globally distributed larger benthic foraminifera of the genus Amphistegina. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:243. [PMID: 34488648 PMCID: PMC8422653 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the specificity and flexibility of the algal symbiosis-host association is fundamental for predicting how species occupy a diverse range of habitats. Here we assessed the algal symbiosis diversity of three species of larger benthic foraminifera from the genus Amphistegina and investigated the role of habitat and species identity in shaping the associated algal community. Results We used next-generation sequencing to identify the associated algal community, and DNA barcoding to identify the diatom endosymbionts associated with species of A. lobifera, A. lessonii, and A. radiata, collected from shallow habitats (< 15 m) in 16 sites, ranging from the Mediterranean Sea to French Polynesia. Next-generation sequencing results showed the consistent presence of Ochrophyta as the main algal phylum associated with all species and sites analysed. A significant proportion of phylotypes were classified as Chlorophyta and Myzozoa. We uncovered unprecedented diversity of algal phylotypes found in low abundance, especially of the class Bacillariophyta (i.e., diatoms). We found a significant influence of sites rather than host identity in shaping algal communities in all species. DNA barcoding revealed the consistent presence of phylotypes classified within the order Fragilariales as the diatoms associated with A. lobifera and A. lessonii, while A. radiata specimens host predominately diatoms of the order Triceratiales. Conclusions We show that local habitat is the main factor influencing the overall composition of the algal symbiont community. However, host identity and the phylogenetic relationship among hosts is relevant in shaping the specific endosymbiont diatom community, suggesting that the relationship between diatom endosymbiont and hosts plays a crucial role in the evolutionary history of the genus Amphistegina. The capacity of Amphistegina species to associate with a diverse array of diatoms, and possibly other algal groups, likely underpins the ecological success of these crucial calcifying organisms across their extensive geographic range. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02299-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steve S Doo
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany.,Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, USA
| | - Christiane Schmidt
- MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Marleen Stuhr
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany.,Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences (IUI), Eilat, Israel.,Bar-Ilan University (BIU), Ramat Gan, Israel
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Bhagooli R, Mattan-Moorgawa S, Kaullysing D, Louis YD, Gopeechund A, Ramah S, Soondur M, Pilly SS, Beesoo R, Wijayanti DP, Bachok ZB, Monrás VC, Casareto BE, Suzuki Y, Baker AC. Chlorophyll fluorescence - A tool to assess photosynthetic performance and stress photophysiology in symbiotic marine invertebrates and seaplants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112059. [PMID: 33677415 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence is increasingly being used as a rapid, non-invasive, sensitive and convenient indicator of photosynthetic performance in marine autotrophs. This review presents the methodology, applications and limitations of chlorophyll fluorescence in marine studies. The various chlorophyll fluorescence tools such as Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) and Fast Repetition Rate (FRR) fluorometry used in marine scientific studies are discussed. Various commonly employed chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are elaborated. The application of chlorophyll fluorescence in measuring natural variations, stress, stress tolerance and acclimation/adaptation to changing environment in primary producers such as microalgae, macroalgae, seagrasses and mangroves, and marine symbiotic invertebrates, namely symbiotic sponges, hard corals and sea anemones, kleptoplastic sea slugs and giant clams is critically assessed. Stressors include environmental, biological, physical and chemical ones. The strengths, limitations and future perspectives of the use of chlorophyll fluorescence technique as an assessment tool in symbiotic marine organisms and seaplants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Bhagooli
- Department of Biosciences & Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science & Pole of Research Excellence, Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Research Group, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; The Biodiversity and Environment Institute, Réduit, Mauritius; The Society of Biology (Mauritius), Réduit, Mauritius; Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Sushma Mattan-Moorgawa
- Department of Biosciences & Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science & Pole of Research Excellence, Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Research Group, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; The Biodiversity and Environment Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Deepeeka Kaullysing
- Department of Biosciences & Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science & Pole of Research Excellence, Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Research Group, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; The Biodiversity and Environment Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Yohan Didier Louis
- Department of Biosciences & Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science & Pole of Research Excellence, Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Research Group, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Arvind Gopeechund
- Department of Biosciences & Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science & Pole of Research Excellence, Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Research Group, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; The Biodiversity and Environment Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Sundy Ramah
- Department of Biosciences & Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science & Pole of Research Excellence, Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Research Group, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Mouneshwar Soondur
- Department of Biosciences & Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science & Pole of Research Excellence, Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Research Group, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; The Biodiversity and Environment Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Sivajyodee Sannassy Pilly
- Department of Biosciences & Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science & Pole of Research Excellence, Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Research Group, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Rima Beesoo
- Department of Biosciences & Ocean Studies, Faculty of Science & Pole of Research Excellence, Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Research Group, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | | | - Zainudin Bin Bachok
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Víctor Cubillos Monrás
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Yoshimi Suzuki
- Shizuoka University, 836 Oya, Suruga, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Andrew Charles Baker
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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