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Zhang Y, Cao F, Song W, Jia XF, Xie T, Wu CL, Yan P, Yu M, Rauber M, Salazar G, Szidat S, Zhang Y. Fossil and Nonfossil Sources of Winter Organic Aerosols in the Regional Background Atmosphere of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1244-1254. [PMID: 38178789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Carbonaceous aerosols (CA) from anthropogenic emissions have been significantly reduced in urban China in recent years. However, the relative contributions of fossil and nonfossil sources to CA in rural and background regions of China remain unclear. In this study, the sources of different carbonaceous fractions in fine aerosols (PM2.5) from five background sites of the China Meteorological Administration Atmosphere Watch Network during the winter of 2019 and 2020 were quantified using radiocarbon (14C) and organic markers. The results showed that nonfossil sources contributed 44-69% to total carbon at these five background sites. Fossil fuel combustion was the predominant source of elemental carbon at all sites (73 ± 12%). Nonfossil sources dominated organic carbon (OC) in these background regions (61 ± 13%), with biomass burning or biogenic-derived secondary organic carbon (SOC) as the most important contributors. However, the relative fossil fuel source to OC in China (39 ± 13%) still exceeds those at other regional/background sites in Asia, Europe, and the USA. SOC dominated the fossil fuel-derived OC, highlighting the impact of regional transport from anthropogenic sources on background aerosol levels. It is therefore imperative to develop and implement aerosol reduction policies and technologies tailored to both the anthropogenic and biogenic emissions to mitigate the environmental and health risks of aerosol pollution across China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Zhang
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Fujian Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Fuzhou 350028, China
| | - Fang Cao
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wenhuai Song
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Fang Jia
- Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chang-Liu Wu
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingyuan Yu
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Martin Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Gary Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sönke Szidat
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Atmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Maskey S, Khadgi J, Shrestha N, Acharya A, Park K, Pokhrel A. Characteristics of fine particles from incense burning at temple premises of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1382. [PMID: 37889359 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The impact of incense burning on ambient air quality was investigated by measuring the concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and their oxidative potential (OP) at three temple premises in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. These temples, namely, Bajrabarahi, Bagalamukhi, and Bhadrakali, are located in three distinct environments: forest, residential, and roadside, respectively. During the incense burning event days, the PM2.5 concentration at Bhadrakali (431.4 μgm-3) was significantly higher than that measured at the Bagalamukhi (135.2 μgm-3) and Bajrabarahi (84.7 μgm-3) temple premises. This observation is consistent with the fact that Bhadrakali Temple had the highest intensity of incense burning. Additionally, the temple premises were also influenced by vehicular emissions from transportation facilities. Carbonaceous aerosols significantly increased during incense burning events, indicating that incense burning contributes significantly to the formation of primary and secondary OC. Moreover, the OP of PM2.5 during the incense burning event days was higher compared to non-event days (p < 0.05), suggesting an elevated health risk due to the increased concentration and toxicity of fine particles. These findings highlight the substantial impact of incense burning on air quality in temple premises, emphasizing the need to implement effective strategies to mitigate the associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shila Maskey
- Department of Environmental Science, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Nepal.
| | - Jasmita Khadgi
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisha Shrestha
- Department of Environmental Science, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Amisha Acharya
- Department of Environmental Science, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Kihong Park
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Amod Pokhrel
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Straw/Spring Teeth Interaction Analysis of Baler Picker in Smart Agriculture via an ADAMS-DEM Coupled Simulation Method. MACHINES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/machines9110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a new coupling simulation method is proposed for baler picker using automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems (ADAMS) and discrete element method (DEM). Field tests are carried out to verify the accuracy of the simulation model. By using the coupling method, not only was it obtained that the forward velocity (FV) and the ground clearance of spring teeth (GCST) are positively correlated with the pick-up loss rate (PLR), but also that the blockage of the picker mainly occurs in the straw pushing area, and an optimization plan is proposed. Through the analysis of the acting force (AF) between the roller and the track groove, we speculate that the structure of the track groove in a certain area is defective. The coupling method and optimization scheme proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the optimal design of the picker.
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Application of Single-Particle Mass Spectrometer to Obtain Chemical Signatures of Various Combustion Aerosols. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111580. [PMID: 34770093 PMCID: PMC8583169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A single-particle mass spectrometer (SPMS) with laser ionization was constructed to determine the chemical composition of single particles in real time. The technique was evaluated using various polystyrene latex particles with different sizes (125 nm, 300 nm, 700 nm, and 1000 nm); NaCl, KCl, MgCO3, CaCO3, and Al2O3 particles with different chemical compositions; an internal mixture of NaCl and KCl; and an internal mixture of NaCl, KCl, and MgCl2 with different mixing states. The results show that the SPMS can be useful for the determination of chemical characteristics and mixing states of single particles in real time. The SPMS was then applied to obtain the chemical signatures of various combustion aerosols (diesel engine exhaust, biomass burning (rice straw), coal burning, and cooking (pork)) based on their single-particle mass spectra. Elemental carbon (EC)-rich and EC-organic carbon (OC) particles were the predominant particle types identified in diesel engine exhaust, while K-rich and EC-OC-K particles were observed among rice straw burning emissions. Only one particle type (ash-rich particles) was detected among coal burning emissions. EC-rich and EC-OC particles were observed among pork burning particles. The single-particle mass spectra of the EC or OC types of particles differed among various combustion sources. The observed chemical signatures could be useful for rapidly identifying sources of atmospheric fine particles. In addition, the detected chemical signatures of the fine particles may be used to estimate their toxicity and to better understand their effects on human health.
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