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Zhang Q, Li S, Fang J, Hao Y, Lu J, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Du H, Gao Y, Yang Z, Sun W, Yan L, Pan G. The combined effects of polystyrene of different sizes and cadmium in mouse kidney tissues. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116660. [PMID: 38944012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Environmental accumulation of nano- and microplastics pose serious risks to human health. Polystyrene (PS) is a polymer commonly used in the production of plastics. However, PS can adsorb cadmium (Cd), thereby influencing bioavailability and toxicity in vivo. Moreover, PS and Cd can accumulate in the mammalian kidney. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of combined exposure to PS and Cd in the kidney. Kidney damage was evaluated in male mice gavaged with PS (diameter, 100 nm and/or 1 μm) and Cd for 25 days.The results showed that PS at 100 nm caused more severe oxidative damage and cell apoptosis than PS at 1 μm. Combined exposure to PS at both 100 nm and 1 μm caused more severe kidney damage than the single administration groups. The extent of kidney toxicity caused by Cd differed with the combination of PS particles at 100 nm vs. 1 μm. The degree of damage to kidney function, pathological changes, and cell apoptosis induced by Cd+100 nm PS+1μm PS was the most severe. An increase in the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and overexpression of p53 and caspase-3 revealed that renal cell apoptosis might be induced via the mitochondrial pathway. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the size of PS particles dictates the combined effects of PS and Cd in kidney tissues. Kidney damage caused by the combination of different sizes of PS particle and Cd is more complicated under actual environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Li
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fang
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hao
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Junge Lu
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihe Wang
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Du
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuosen Yang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Institute of Chronic Diseases, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China; Institute of Preventive Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingjun Yan
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guowei Pan
- Research Center for Universal Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Early Warning and Intervention Technology and Countermeasure Research for Major Public Health Events, People's Republic of China; Institute of Preventive Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Maria VL, Santos J, Prodana M, Cardoso DN, Morgado RG, Amorim MJB, Barreto A. Toxicity mechanisms of plastic nanoparticles in three terrestrial species: antioxidant system imbalance and neurotoxicity. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:299-313. [PMID: 38807536 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2358781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The detrimental impacts of plastic nanoparticles (PNPs) are a worldwide concern, although knowledge is still limited, in particular for soil mesofauna. This study investigates the biochemical impact of 44 nm polystyrene PNPs on three soil models-Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochaeta), Folsomia candida (Collembola) and Porcellionides pruinosus (Isopoda). Exposure durations of 3, 7 and 14 days (d) were implemented at two concentrations (1.5 and 300 mg kg-1 PNPs). Results revealed PNPs impact on the activities of the glutathione-dependent antioxidative enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and on the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for all three species. Catalase (CAT) played a minor role, primarily evident in F. candida at 300 mg kg-1 PNPs (CAT and GST response after 14 d), with no lipid peroxidation (LPO) increase. Even with the antioxidant defence, P. pruinosus was the most sensitive species for lipid oxidative damage (LPO levels increased after 7 d exposure to 300 mg kg-1 PNPs). Significant AChE inhibitions were measured already after 3 d to both PNP concentrations in F. candida and E. crypticus, respectively. Significant AChE inhibitions were also found in P. pruinosus but later (7 d). Overall, the toxicity mechanisms of PNPs involved antioxidant imbalance, being (mostly) the glutathione-associated metabolism part of that defence system. Neurotoxicity, linked to AChE activities, was evident across all species. Sensitivity to PNPs varied: P. pruinosus > F. candida ≅ E. crypticus. This pioneering study on PNPs toxicity in soil invertebrates underscores its environmental relevance, shedding light on altered biochemical responses, that may compromise ecological roles and soil ecosystem fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L Maria
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marija Prodana
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui G Morgado
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Angela Barreto
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Li Y, Zhao L, An Y, Qin L, Qiao Z, Chen D, Li Y, Geng H, Yang Y. Bibliometric analysis and systematic review of the adherence, uptake, translocation, and reduction of micro/nanoplastics in terrestrial plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167786. [PMID: 37848143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics are emerging agricultural pollutants globally. Micro/nanoplastics can adhere to terrestrial plant surfaces, be absorbed and transported by plants, and accumulate in the edible parts of plants, leading to the possibility of enrichment and transmission through the food chain and threatening human health. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. With increased studies on the internalization of micro/nanoplastics in terrestrial plants, a comprehensive and systematic review summarizing the current research trends and progress is warranted to provide a reference for further relevant research. Based on bibliometric analysis, this study focused on the mechanisms, study methods, and reduction techniques of micro/nanoplastics adherence, uptake, and translocation by terrestrial plants. The results showed that micro/nanoplastics can adhere to the surfaces of plant tissues such as seeds, roots, and leaves. Root uptake (root-to-leaf translocation) and foliar uptake (leaf-to-root translocation) are the two simultaneous internalization pathways of MNPs in plants. The observation methods included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We highlighted the necessity and urgency of reducing the uptake and translocation of MNPs by plants and found that the application of silicon may be a promising approach for reducing internalization. This study identifies current knowledge gaps and proposes possible future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yi An
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Li Qin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Daying Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yihan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongzhi Geng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yongkui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Center for technology of Protection and Function Construction of Ecological Critical Zone, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Zhang J, Zou Y, Hu L, Zhao Y, Fen Y, Xu H. TiO 2 nanoparticles combined with polystyrene nanoplastics aggravated reproductive toxicity in female mice via exacerbating intestinal barrier disruption. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6452-6462. [PMID: 37209239 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), a widely used food additive in the food industry, have been shown to aggravate the progress of metabolic diseases. Nanoplastics (NPLs) are an emerging contaminant widely present in the food system and have been shown to induce ovarian disorders in mammals. Noteworthy, they can be ingested by humans through 'contaminated' food, whereas the potential toxicity of NPLs and TiO2 NPs combined remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of co-exposure to polystyrene (PS) NPLs and TiO2 NPs on the ovary in female mice. RESULTS Our results revealed that the co-exposure of TiO2 NPs and PS NPLs caused significant injury to ovarian structure and function, but individual exposure had no effect. Moreover, compared to the TiO2 NPs group, co-exposure aggravated the intestinal barrier damage in mice, increasing the bioaccumulation of TiO2 NPs in the ovary. After being supplemented with the oxidative stress inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine, the expression of ovarian antioxidant genes increased, and the ovarian structural and functional injury in co-exposure mice reverted to normal levels. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that co-exposure to PS NPLs and TiO2 NPs can cause more severe female reproductive dysfunction and deepens the toxicological insights between NPLs and NPs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liehai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yueying Fen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Daghighi E, Shah T, Chia RW, Lee JY, Shang J, Rodríguez-Seijo A. The forgotten impacts of plastic contamination on terrestrial micro- and mesofauna: A call for research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116227. [PMID: 37244494 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP) contamination of the terrestrial environment is a growing concern worldwide and is thought to impact soil biota, particularly the micro and mesofauna community, by various processes that may contribute to global change in terrestrial systems. Soils act as a long-term sink for MP, accumulating these contaminants and increasing their adverse impacts on soil ecosystems. Consequently, the whole terrestrial ecosystem is impacted by microplastic pollution, which also threatens human health by their potential transfer to the soil food web. In general, the ingestion of MP in different concentrations by soil micro and mesofauna can adversely affect their development and reproduction, impacting terrestrial ecosystems. MP in soil moves horizontally and vertically because of the movement of soil organisms and the disturbance caused by plants. However, the effects of MP on terrestrial micro-and mesofauna are largely overlooked. Here, we give the most recent information on the forgotten impacts of MP contamination of soil on microfauna and mesofauna communities (protists, tardigrades, soil rotifers, nematodes, collembola and mites). More than 50 studies focused on the impact of MP on these organisms between 1990 and 2022 have been reviewed. In general, plastic pollution does not directly affect the survival of organisms, except under co-contaminated plastics that can increase adverse effects (e.g. tire-tread particles on springtails). Besides, they can have adverse effects at oxidative stress and reduced reproduction (protists, nematodes, potworms, springtails or mites). It was observed that micro and mesofauna could act as passive plastic transporters, as shown for springtails or mites. Finally, this review discusses how soil micro- and mesofauna play a key role in facilitating the (bio-)degradation and movement of MP and NP through soil systems and, therefore, the potential transfer to soil depths. More research should be focused on plastic mixtures, community level and long-term experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Daghighi
- BetterSoil e. V., Lise-Meitner-Straße 9, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tufail Shah
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - R W Chia
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Earth Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Department of Geology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Earth Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianying Shang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia Do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas S/n, Ourense, 32004, Spain; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos S/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Kim D, Kim H, An YJ. Species sensitivity distributions of micro- and nanoplastics in soil based on particle characteristics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131229. [PMID: 36958161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics are released into the soil through various anthropogenic activities; however, research on ecological risk assessment (ERA) of soil microplastics is limited. In this study, the species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of representative groups of soil biota were analyzed to determine their sensitivity to microplastic properties. A total of 411 datasets from apical endpoint data within 74 studies were classified and utilized in SSD estimation. The hazardous concentrations for 5% of species for microplastics was 88.18 (40.71-191.00) mg/kg soil. It has been established that small-sized microplastics are more toxic to soil organisms than larger microplastics. Most microplastics were spherical and polystyrene, exhibiting the most adverse effects among all the microplastic types assessed herein. The results suggest that physical characteristics of microplastics are important toxicity determinants in soil ecosystems. Given the potential for adverse environmental effects, further effective management strategies should urgently be employed in these areas. This study provided an integrated perspective of microplastic ecotoxicity in soil. In addition, SSDs were estimated using larger datasets and for more species than in previous studies. This is the first study to consider microplastic properties for estimating SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemi Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Barreto A, Santos J, Calisto V, Rocha LS, Amorim MJB, Maria VL. Cocktail effects of emerging contaminants on zebrafish: Nanoplastics and the pharmaceutical diphenhydramine. NANOIMPACT 2023; 30:100456. [PMID: 36841353 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPLs) became ubiquitous in the environment, from the air we breathe to the food we eat. One of the main concerns about the NPLs risks is their role as carrier of other environmental contaminants, potentially increasing their uptake, bioaccumulation and toxicity to the organisms. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to understand how the presence of polystyrene NPLs (∅ 44 nm) will influence the toxicity (synergism, additivity or antagonism) of the antihistamine diphenhydramine (DPH), towards zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, when in dual mixtures. After 96 hours (h) exposure, at the organismal level, NPLs (0.015 or 1.5 mg/L) + DPH (10 mg/L) induced embryo mortality (90%) and malformations (100%) and decreased hatching (80%) and heartbeat rates (60%). After 120 h exposure, NPLs (0.015 or 1.5 mg/L) + DPH (0.01 mg/L) decreased larvae swimming distance (30-40%). At the biochemical level, increased glutathione S-transferases (55-122%) and cholinesterase (182-343%) activities were found after 96 h exposure to NPLs (0.015 or 1.5 mg/L) + DPH (0.01 mg/L). However, catalase (CAT) activity remained similar to the control group in the mixtures, inhibiting the effects detected after the exposure to 1.5 mg/L NPLs alone (increased 230% of CAT activity). In general, the effects of dual combination - NPLs + DPH (even at concentrations as low as 10 μg/L of DPH) - were more harmful than the correspondent individual exposures, showing the synergistic interactions of the dual mixture and answering to the main question of this work. The obtained results, namely the altered toxicity patterns of NPLs + DPH compared with the individual exposures, show the importance of an environmental risk assessment considering NPLs as a co-contaminant due to the potential NPLs role as vector for other contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barreto
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luciana S Rocha
- Department of Chemistry & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L Maria
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Ochiai B, Yashima M, Soegawa K, Matsumura Y. Biodegradable epoxy thermosetting system with high adhesiveness based on glycidate-acid anhydride curing. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:54-58. [PMID: 36566385 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable epoxy thermosets were developed by curing through copolymerization of a diglycidate monomer, a bifunctional epoxide bearing ester linkages, with cyclic acid anhydrides as a biosafe thermosetting system. The cured products of the glycidate exhibit high adhesiveness, identical to analogous cured products of conventional glycidyl ethers. Even an inert cycloolefin polymer and polyimide can be adhered. The cured products of the glycidate can be hydrolytically and biologically degraded. The biodegradation of the glycidate thermoset in compost completely proceeded within 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bungo Ochiai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Miharu Yashima
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Soegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
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Martins A, da Silva DD, Silva R, Carvalho F, Guilhermino L. Warmer water, high light intensity, lithium and microplastics: Dangerous environmental combinations to zooplankton and Global Health? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158649. [PMID: 36089038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays there is a high concern about the combined effects of global warming and emerging environmental contaminants with significant increasing trends of use, such as lithium (Li) and microplastics (MPs), both on wildlife and human health. Therefore, the effects of high light intensity (26,000 lx) or warmer water temperature (25 °C) on the long-term toxicity of Li and mixtures of Li and MPs (Li-MPs mixtures) were investigated using model populations of the freshwater zooplankton species Daphnia magna. Three 21-day bioassays were done in the laboratory at the following water temperatures and light intensities: (i) 20 °C/10830 lx; (ii) 20 °C/26000 lx (high light intensity); (iii) 25 °C/10830 lx (warmer temperature). Based on the 21-day EC50s on reproduction, high light intensity increased the reproductive toxicity of Li and Li-MPs mixtures by ~1.3 fold; warmer temperature increased the toxicity of Li by ~1.2 fold, and the toxicity of Li-MPs mixtures by ~1.4 fold based on the concentration of Li, and by ~2 fold based on the concentrations of MPs. At high light intensity, Li (0.04 mg/L) and Li-MPs mixtures (0.04 Li + 0.09 MPs mg/L) reduced the population fitness by 32 % and 41 %, respectively. Warmer temperature, Li (0.05 mg/L) and Li-MPs mixtures (0.05 Li + 0.09 MPs mg/L) reduced it by 63 % and 71 %, respectively. At warmer temperature or high light intensity, higher concentrations of Li and Li-MPs mixtures lead to population extinction. Based on the population growth rate and using data of bioassays with MPs alone done simultaneously, Li and MPs interactions were antagonistic or synergistic depending on the scenario. High light intensity and chemical stress generally acted synergistically. Warmer temperature and chemical stress always acted synergistically. These findings highlight the threats of long-term exposure to Li and Li-MPs mixtures to freshwater zooplankton and Global Health in a warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martins
- ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Population Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU CRL, Rua Central de Gandra, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Guilhermino
- ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Population Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology (ECOTOX), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Research Team of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health (ECOTOX), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Barreto A, Santos J, Almeida L, Tavares V, Pinto E, Celeiro M, Garcia-Jares C, Maria VL. First approach to assess the effects of nanoplastics on the soil species Folsomia candida: A mixture design with bisphenol A and diphenhydramine. NANOIMPACT 2023; 29:100450. [PMID: 36610661 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The terrestrial environment is one of the main recipients of plastic waste. However, limited research has been performed on soil contamination by plastics and even less assessing the effects of nanoplastics (NPls). Behind the potential toxicity caused per se, NPls are recognized vectors of other environmental harmful contaminants. Therefore, the main aim of the present study is to understand whether the toxicity of an industrial chemical (bisphenol A - BPA) and a pharmaceutical (diphenhydramine - DPH) changes in the presence of polystyrene NPls to the terrestrial invertebrate Folsomia candida. Assessed endpoints encompassed organismal (reproduction, survival and behavior) and biochemical (neurotransmission and oxidative stress) levels. BPA or DPH, 28 d single exposures (1 to 2000 mg/kg), induce no effect on organisms' survival. In terms of reproduction, the calculated EC50 (concentration that causes 50% of the effect) and determined LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) were higher than the environmental concentrations, showing that BPA or DPH single exposure may pose no threat to the terrestrial invertebrates. Survival and reproduction effects of BPA or DPH were independent on the presence of NPls. However, for avoidance behavior (48 h exposure), the effects of the tested mixtures (BPA + NPls and DPH + NPls) were dependent on the NPls concentration (at 0.015 mg/kg - interaction: no avoidance; at 600 mg/kg - no interaction: avoidance). Glutathione S-transferase activity increased after 28 d exposure to 100 mg/kg DPH + 0.015 mg/kg NPls (synergism). The increase of lipid peroxidation levels found after the exposure to 0.015 mg/kg NPls (a predicted environmental concentration) was not detected in the mixtures (antagonism). The results showed that the effects of the binary mixtures were dependent on the assessed endpoint and the tested concentrations. The findings of the present study show the ability of NPls to alter the effects of compounds with different natures and mechanisms of toxicity towards soil organisms, showing the importance of environmental risk assessment considering mixtures of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barreto
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Lara Almeida
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Vítor Tavares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Edgar Pinto
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, P.Porto (ESS|P.Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, Porto 4200-072, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Maria Celeiro
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Jares
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Spain
| | - Vera L Maria
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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11
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Guimarães B, Römbke J, Amorim MJB. On the importance of longer-term exposure to stressors - A critical review and proposal for multigenerational testing in standard soil invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158680. [PMID: 36108845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Standard laboratory tests to describe the impact of stressors (most notably: chemicals) on organisms offer a good compromise between feasibility and outcome, i.e., they should be reproducible and provide robust results. However, these tests may underestimate the potential effects of prolonged exposures, particularly for persistent contaminants. Within the last years, we have observed an increase in studies aiming to target prolonged exposure, e.g., via an extended test duration or by multigenerational (MG) exposure. Seemingly, both reduced and increased impacts have been observed in these studies, but it is also clear that no unique test setup was used, and test designs vary widely among studies. To better describe long term effects, MG is a highly relevant aspect which deserves more consideration at various testing and assessment levels. Therefore, we conducted a literature review focusing on available studies performed with soil invertebrates, exposed to stressors for periods longer than in standard laboratory tests, i.e., full life cycle tests, as well as extensions to standard and MG tests. So far, it has been recommended that such studies should cover more than one generation, but this statement is probably too vague. In this contribution, we summarize and critically discuss the information provided in the literature, and we provide suggestions for future research. The currently available test results from long-term studies have produced clear evidence to recommend the implementation of long-term tests in existing regulatory testing requirements (e.g., for pesticides), in particular for persistent substances and also for delayed effects. Consequently, we recommend the inclusion of such longer exposure test designs (e.g., as annexes) in current OECD and ISO guidelines. However, when doing so, the long-term test designs proposed so far have to be critically adapted for a selected set of representative soil invertebrate test species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guimarães
- University of Aveiro, Department of Biology & CESAM, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J Römbke
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstr. 2-14, D-65439 Flörsheim, Germany
| | - M J B Amorim
- University of Aveiro, Department of Biology & CESAM, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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12
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Wang W, Do ATN, Kwon JH. Ecotoxicological effects of micro- and nanoplastics on terrestrial food web from plants to human beings. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155333. [PMID: 35452728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are present in almost all environmental compartments. Terrestrial soils are major environmental reservoirs for MNPs, but the ecotoxicological effects of MNPs on terrestrial biota remain relatively understudied. In this review, we collated findings of previous research on the uptake and impact of MNPs in terrestrial organisms, including flora, fauna, and human beings. Terrestrial plants can take up MNPs via the roots or leaves and translocate them to other parts. MNPs have been detected in the gastrointestinal tracts or feces of many terrestrial animals, including some high trophic-level predators, indicating the incidence of direct ingestion or trophic transfer of MNPs. The presence of MNPs in food items and human feces combines to verify human intake of MNPs via the dietary pathway. Exposure to MNPs can cause diverse effects on terrestrial organisms, including alterations in growth performance, oxidative stress, metabolic disturbance, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mortality. The biological internalization and impact of MNPs are influenced by the physicochemical properties of MNPs (e.g., particle size, polymer type, surface chemistry, and exposure concentrations) and the physiology of the species. MNPs can also affect the bioavailability of co-occurring intrinsic or extrinsic contaminants to terrestrial biota, but their specific role is under dispute. Finally, we underlined the current research gaps and proposed several priorities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wang
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh T Ngoc Do
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Ly NH, Kim MK, Lee H, Lee C, Son SJ, Zoh KD, Vasseghian Y, Joo SW. Advanced microplastic monitoring using Raman spectroscopy with a combination of nanostructure-based substrates. JOURNAL OF NANOSTRUCTURE IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 12:865-888. [PMID: 35757049 PMCID: PMC9206222 DOI: 10.1007/s40097-022-00506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastic (MNP) pollutants have not only impacted human health directly, but are also associated with numerous chemical contaminants that increase toxicity in the natural environment. Most recent research about increasing plastic pollutants in natural environments have focused on the toxic effects of MNPs in water, the atmosphere, and soil. The methodologies of MNP identification have been extensively developed for actual applications, but they still require further study, including on-site detection. This review article provides a comprehensive update on the facile detection of MNPs by Raman spectroscopy, which aims at early diagnosis of potential risks and human health impacts. In particular, Raman imaging and nanostructure-enhanced Raman scattering have emerged as effective analytical technologies for identifying MNPs in an environment. Here, the authors give an update on the latest advances in plasmonic nanostructured materials-assisted SERS substrates utilized for the detection of MNP particles present in environmental samples. Moreover, this work describes different plasmonic materials-including pure noble metal nanostructured materials and hybrid nanomaterials-that have been used to fabricate and develop SERS platforms to obtain the identifying MNP particles at low concentrations. Plasmonic nanostructure-enhanced materials consisting of pure noble metals and hybrid nanomaterials can significantly enhance the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra signals of pollutant analytes due to their localized hot spots. This concise topical review also provides updates on recent developments and trends in MNP detection by means of SERS using a variety of unique materials, along with three-dimensional (3D) SERS substrates, nanopipettes, and microfluidic chips. A novel material-assisted spectral Raman technique and its effective application are also introduced for selective monitoring and trace detection of MNPs in indoor and outdoor environments. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Hoàng Ly
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Kyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul, 02713 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul, 02713 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978 Republic of Korea
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14
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Maddela NR, Ramakrishnan B, Kakarla D, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Major contaminants of emerging concern in soils: a perspective on potential health risks. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12396-12415. [PMID: 35480371 PMCID: PMC9036571 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09072k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil pollution by the contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) or emerging contaminants deserves attention worldwide because of their toxic health effects and the need for developing regulatory guidelines. Though the global soil burden by certain CECs is in several metric tons, the source-tracking of these contaminants in soil environments is difficult due to heterogeneity of the medium and complexities associated with the interactive mechanisms. Most CECs have higher affinities towards solid matrices for adsorption. The CECs alter not only soil functionalities but also those of plants and animals. Their toxicities are at nmol to μmol levels in cell cultures and test animals. These contaminants have a higher propensity in accumulating mostly in root-based food crops, threatening human health. Poor understanding on the fate of certain CECs in anaerobic environments and their transfer pathways in the food web limits the development of effective bioremediation strategies and restoration of the contaminated soils and endorsement of global regulatory efforts. Despite their proven toxicities to the biotic components, there are no environmental laws or guidelines for certain CECs. Moreover, the information available on the impact of soil pollution with CECs on human health is fragmentary. Therefore, we provide here a comprehensive account on five significantly important CECs, viz., (i) PFAS, (ii) micro/nanoplastics, (iii) additives (biphenyls, phthalates), (iv) novel flame retardants, and (v) nanoparticles. The emphasis is on (a) degree of soil burden of CECs and the consequences, (b) endocrine disruption and immunotoxicity, (c) genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, and (d) soil health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí Portoviejo 130105 Ecuador
- Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí Portoviejo 130105 Ecuador
| | | | - Dhatri Kakarla
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Anantapuramu 515003 India
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia
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15
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Co-Exposure of Nanopolystyrene and Other Environmental Contaminants-Their Toxic Effects on the Survival and Reproduction of Enchytraeus crypticus. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040193. [PMID: 35448454 PMCID: PMC9032828 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastics in all shapes and sizes have become widespread across ecosystems due to intense anthropogenic use. As such, they can interact with other contaminants that accumulate in the terrestrial environment, such as pharmaceuticals, metals or nanomaterials (NMs). These interactions can potentiate combined toxic effects in the exposed soil organisms, with hazardous long-term consequences to the full ecosystem. In the present study, a terrestrial model species, Enchytraeus crypticus (oligochaeta), was exposed through contaminated soil with nanopolystyrene (representative of nanoplastics (NPls)), alone and in combination with diphenhydramine (DPH, representative of pharmaceuticals), silver nitrate (AgNO3, representative of metals) and vanadium nanoparticles (VNPs, representative of NMs). AgNO3 and VNPs decreased E. crypticus reproduction at 50 mg/kg, regardless of the presence of NPls. Moreover, at the same concentration, both single and combined VNP exposures decreased the E. crypticus survival. On the other hand, DPH and NPls individually caused no effect on organisms' survival and reproduction. However, the combination of DPH (10 and 50 mg/kg) with 300 mg NPls/kg induced a decrease in reproduction, showing a relevant interaction between the two contaminants (synergism). Our findings indicate that the NPls can play a role as vectors for other contaminants and can potentiate the effects of pharmaceuticals, such as DPH, even at low and sub-lethal concentrations, highlighting the negative impact of mixtures of contaminants (including NPls) on soil systems.
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16
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Guimarães B, Gomes SIL, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Impacts of Longer-Term Exposure to AuNPs on Two Soil Ecotoxicological Model Species. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040153. [PMID: 35448414 PMCID: PMC9032579 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The production, use and disposal of nanoparticles (NPs) has been increasing continuously. Due to its unique properties, such as a high resistance to oxidation, gold NPs (AuNPs) are persistent in the environment, including the terrestrial, one of the major sinks of NPs. The present study aimed to assess the effects of AuNPs (from 10 to 1000 mg/kg) on two OECD standard ecotoxicological soil model species, Enchytraeus crypticus and Folsomia candida, based on the reproduction test (28 days) and on a longer-term exposure (56 days), and survival, reproduction, and size were assessed. AuNPs caused no significant hazard to F. candida, but for E. crypticus the lowest tested concentrations (10 and 100 mg AuNPs/kg) reduced reproduction. Further, AuNPs’ toxicity increased from the 28th to the 56th day mainly to F. candida, as observed in animals’ size reduction. Therefore, longer-term exposure tests are recommended as these often reveal increased hazards, not predicted when based on shorter exposures. Additionally, special attention should be given to the higher hazard of low concentrations of NPs, compared to higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Guimarães
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (B.G.); (S.I.L.G.)
| | - Susana I. L. Gomes
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (B.G.); (S.I.L.G.)
| | - Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, P.O. Box 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;
| | - Mónica J. B. Amorim
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (B.G.); (S.I.L.G.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Jemec Kokalj A, Dolar A, Drobne D, Marinšek M, Dolenec M, Škrlep L, Strmljan G, Mušič B, Škapin AS. Environmental hazard of polypropylene microplastics from disposable medical masks: acute toxicity towards Daphnia magna and current knowledge on other polypropylene microplastics. MICROPLASTICS AND NANOPLASTICS 2022; 2:1. [PMID: 35005629 PMCID: PMC8724753 DOI: 10.1186/s43591-021-00020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of disposable plastics, including medical masks, which have become a necessity in our daily lives. As these are often improperly disposed of, they represent an important potential source of microplastics in the environment. We prepared microplastics from polypropylene medical masks and characterised their size, shape, organic chemical leaching, and acute toxicity to the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna. The three layers of the masks were separately milled and characterised. Each of the inner frontal, middle filtering, and outer layers yielded different types of microplastics: fibres were obtained from the inner and outer layer, but irregular fragments from the middle layer. The shape of the obtained microplastics differed from the initial fibrous structure of the intact medical mask layers, which indicates that the material is deformed during cryo-milling. The chemical compositions of plastics-associated chemicals also varied between the different layers. Typically, the inner layer contained more chemicals related to antimicrobial function and flavouring. The other two layers also contained antioxidants and their degradation products, plasticisers, cross-linking agents, antistatic agents, lubricants, and non-ionic surfactants. An acute study with D. magna showed that these microplastics do not cause immobility but do physically interact with the daphnids. Further long-term studies with these microplastics are needed using a suite of test organisms. Indeed, studies with other polypropylene microplastics have shown numerous adverse effects on other organisms at concentrations that have already been reported in the environment. Further efforts should be made to investigate the environmental hazards of polypropylene microplastics from medical masks and how to handle this new source of environmental burden. PLEASE CHECK THE SI WORD DOCUMENT THE AUTHORS ARE NOT LISTED THERE I CANNOT EDIT THAT FILE PLEASE ADD THE AUTHORS SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-021-00020-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jemec Kokalj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Dolar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Marinšek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Chair of Materials and Polymer Science, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Dolenec
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Škrlep
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Strmljan
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Branka Mušič
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrijana Sever Škapin
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Is the Synthetic Fungicide Fosetyl-Al Safe for the Ecotoxicological Models Danio rerio and Enchytraeus crypticus? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, pesticides have contaminated the environment, affecting non-target species. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of fosetyl-Al (FOS) on model organisms. Based on the 3 Rs for animal research and described guidelines, the OECD 236 and 220 were applied with some modifications. The FOS test concentrations were 0.02–0.2–2–20–200 mg/L for Danio rerio and 250–500–750–1000–1250 mg/kg for Enchytraeus crypticus. Besides the standard endpoints, additional endpoints were evaluated (D. rerio: behavior and biochemical responses; E. crypticus: extension of exposure duration (28 d (days) + 28 d) and organisms’ sizes). For D. rerio, after 96 h (h), hatching was inhibited (200 mg/L), proteins’ content increased (2 and 20 mg/L), lipids’ content decreased (2 mg/L), glutathione S-transferase activity increased (2 mg/L), and, after 120 h, larvae distance swam increased (20 mg/L). For E. crypticus, after 28 d, almost all the tested concentrations enlarged the organisms’ sizes and, after 56 d, 1250 mg/kg decreased the reproduction. In general, alterations in the organisms’ biochemical responses, behavior, and growth occurred at lower concentrations than the effects observed at the standard endpoints. This ecotoxicological assessment showed that FOS may not be considered safe for the tested species, only at higher concentrations than the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs). This research highlighted the importance of a multi-endpoint approach to assess the (eco)toxic effects of the contaminants.
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Liang B, Zhong Y, Huang Y, Lin X, Liu J, Lin L, Hu M, Jiang J, Dai M, Wang B, Zhang B, Meng H, Lelaka JJJ, Sui H, Yang X, Huang Z. Underestimated health risks: polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics jointly induce intestinal barrier dysfunction by ROS-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:20. [PMID: 34098985 PMCID: PMC8186235 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Micro- and nanoplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem. Nanoplastics in the environment are still hard to detect because of analysis technology limitations. It is believed that when microplastics are found in the environment, more undetected nanoplastics are around. The current “microplastic exposure” is in fact the mixture of micro- and nanoplastic exposures. Therefore, the biological interaction between organisms among different sizes of micro- and nanoplastics should not be neglected. Results We measured the biodistribution of three polystyrene (PS) particles (50 nm PS, PS50; 500 nm PS, PS500; 5000 nm PS, PS5000) under single and co-exposure conditions in mice. We explored the underlying mechanisms by investigating the effects on three major components of the intestinal barrier (the mucus layer, tight junctions and the epithelial cells) in four intestine segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) of mice. We found that the amounts of both PS500 and PS5000 increased when they were co-exposed with PS50 for 24 h in the mice. These increased amounts were due primarily to the increased permeability in the mouse intestines. We also confirmed there was a combined toxicity of PS50 and PS500 in the mouse intestines. This manifested as the mixture of PS50 and PS500 causing more severe dysfunction of the intestinal barrier than that caused by PS50 or PS500 alone. We found that the combined toxicity of PS micro- and nanoplastics on intestinal barrier dysfunction was caused primarily by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis in the mice. These findings were further confirmed by an oxidants or antioxidants pretreatment study. In addition, the combined toxicity of PS micro- and nanoplastics was also found in the mice after a 28-day repeated dose exposure. Conclusions There is a combined toxicity of PS50 and PS500 in the mouse intestines, which was caused primarily by ROS-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis in the mice. Considering that most recent studies on PS micro- and nanoplastics have been conducted using a single particle size, the health risks of exposure to PS micro- and nanoplastics on organisms may be underestimated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00414-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxuan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yizhou Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yuji Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Manjiang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Junying Jiang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Dai
- Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Bingli Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jesse Justin J Lelaka
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Haixia Sui
- Division III of risk assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, PR China
| | - Xingfen Yang
- Food Safety and Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Zhenlie Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023-1063 Shatai Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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