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Jeong DH, Jung DW, Lee HS. Confirmation of the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine disrupting potential of fenvalerate following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines, and its estrogen receptor α-dependent effects on lipid accumulation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109955. [PMID: 38844189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on confirming the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine-disrupting potential of the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate and unraveling the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we assessed estrogen receptor-α (ERα)- and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated responses in vitro using a hormone response element-dependent transcription activation assay with a luciferase reporter following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. We observed that fenvalerate acted as estrogen by inducing the translocation of cytosolic ERα to the nucleus via ERα dimerization, whereas it exhibited no AR-mediated androgen response element-dependent luciferase activity. Furthermore, we confirmed that fenvalerate-induced activation of ERα caused lipid accumulation, promoted in a fenvalerate-dependent manner in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, fenvalerate-induced lipid accumulation was inhibited in the presence of an ERα-selective antagonist, whereas it remained unaffected in the presence of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-specific inhibitor. In addition, fenvalerate was found to stimulate the expression of transcription factors that promote lipid accumulation in 3 T1-L1 adipocytes, and co-treatment with an ERα-selective antagonist suppressed adipogenic/ lipogenic transcription factors at both mRNA and protein levels. These findings suggest that fenvalerate exposure may lead to lipid accumulation by interfering with ERα activation-dependent processes, thus causing an ERα-mediated endocrine-disrupting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Jeong
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Yu YJ, Tian JL, Zheng T, Kuang HX, Li ZR, Hao CJ, Xiang MD, Li ZC. Perturbation of lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 at different stages of preadipocyte differentiation and new insights into the association between changed metabolites and adipogenesis promoted by TBBPA or TBBPS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133183. [PMID: 38070267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) are widely distributed brominated flame retardants. While TBBPA has been demonstrated to stimulate adipogenesis, TBBPS is also under suspicion for potentially inducing comparable effects. In this study, we conducted a non-targeted metabolomics to examine the metabolic changes in 3T3-L1 cells exposed to an environmentally relevant dose of TBBPA or TBBPS. Our findings revealed that 0.1 µM of both TBBPA and TBBPS promoted the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Multivariate analysis showed significant increases in glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and steroids relative levels in 3T3-L1 cells exposed to TBBPA or TBBPS at the final stage of preadipocyte differentiation. Metabolites set composed of glycerophospholipids was found to be highly effective predictors of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells exposed to TBBPA or TBBPS (revealed from the receiver operating characteristic curve with an area under curve > 0.90). The results from metabolite set enrichment analysis suggested both TBBPA and TBBPS exposures significantly perturbed steroid biosynthesis in adipocytes. Moreover, TBBPS additionally disrupted the sphingolipid metabolism in the adipocytes. Our study presents new insights into the obesogenic effects of TBBPS and provides valuable information about the metabolites associated with adipogenesis induced by TBBPA or TBBPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Jing-Lin Tian
- Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Hong-Xuan Kuang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Zong-Rui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Chao-Jie Hao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Ming-Deng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Zhen-Chi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Jung DW, Jeong DH, Lee HS. Stimulation of estrogen receptor-alpha by hydroxyanilide fungicide, fenhexamid promotes lipid accumulation in 3 T3-L1 adipocyte. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105757. [PMID: 38458660 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fenhexamid are fungicides that act against plant pathogens by inhibiting sterol biosynthesis. Nonetheless, it can trigger endocrine disruption and promote breast cancer cell growth. In a recent study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the lipid accumulation induced by fenhexamid hydroxyanilide fungicides in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. To examine the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-agonistic effect, ER transactivation assay using the ERα-HeLa-9903 cell line was applied, and fenhexamid-induced ERα agonist effect was confirmed. Further confirmation that ERα-dependent lipid accumulation occurred was provided by treating 3 T3-L1 adipocytes with Methyl-piperidino-pyrazole hydrate (MPP), an ERα-selective antagonist. Fenhexamid mimicked the actions of ERα agonists and impacted lipid metabolism, and its mechanism involves upregulation of the expression of transcription factors that facilitate adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Additionally, it stimulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and significantly elevated the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). In contrast, in combination with an ERα-selective antagonist, fenhexamid suppressed the expression of adipogenic/lipogenic transcription factors. These results suggest that fenhexamid affects the endocrine system and leads to lipid accumulation by interfering with processes influenced by ERα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Woon Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Wei R, Zhang W, Pu C, Shao Q, Xu Q, Li P, Zhao X, Sun T, Weng D. Assessment of lipid metabolism-disrupting effects of non-phthalate plasticizer diisobutyl adipate through in silico and in vitro approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1395-1404. [PMID: 36896678 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diisobutyl adipate (DIBA), as a novel non-phthalate plasticizer, is widely used in various products. However, little effort has been made to investigate whether DIBA might have adverse effects on human health. In this study, we integrated an in silico and in vitro strategy to assess the impact of DIBA on cellular homeostasis. Since numerous plasticizers could activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway to interrupt metabolism systems, we first utilized molecular docking to analyze interaction between DIBA and PPARγ. Results indicated that DIBA had strong affinity with the ligand-binding domain of PPARγ (PPARγ-LBD) at Histidine 499. Afterwards, we used cellular models to investigate in vitro effects of DIBA. Results demonstrated that DIBA exposure increased intracellular lipid content in murine and human hepatocytes, and altered transcriptional expression of genes related to PPARγ signaling and lipid metabolism pathways. At last, target genes regulated by DIBA were predicted and enriched for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcriptional factors (TFs)-genes network were established accordingly. Target genes were enriched in Phospholipase D signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway which were related to lipid metabolism. These findings suggested that DIBA exposure might disturb intracellular lipid metabolism homeostasis via targeting PPARγ. This study also demonstrated that this integrated in silico and in vitro methodology could be utilized as a high throughput, cost-saving and effective tool to assess the potential risk of various environmental chemicals on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wei
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Weigao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlin Pu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianchao Shao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiqi Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xunan Zhao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingzhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Dan Weng
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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