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Irshad MK, Lee JC, Aqeel M, Javed W, Noman A, Lam SS, Naggar AE, Niazi NK, Lee HH, Ibrahim M, Lee SS. Efficacy of Fe-Mg-bimetallic biochar in stabilization of multiple heavy metals-contaminated soil and attenuation of toxicity in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143184. [PMID: 39197684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Globally, soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) pose serious threats to soil health, crop productivity, and human health. The present investigation involved synthesis and analysis of biochar with bimetallic combination of iron and magnesium (Fe-Mg-BC). Our study evaluated how Fe-Mg-BC affects the absorption of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and remediation of soil contaminated with multiple HMs. Results demonstrated the successful loading of iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) onto pristine biochar (BC) derived from peanut shells. The addition of Fe-Mg-BC (3%) notably increased spinach biomass, enhancing photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 levels by 22%, 21%, 103%, and 15.3%, respectively. Compared to control, Fe-Mg-BC (3%) suppressed metal-induced oxidative stress by boosting levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) in roots by 40.9%, 57%, 54.8 %, and in shoots by 55.5%, 65.5%, and 37.4% in shoots, respectively. The Fe-Mg-BC effectively reduced the uptake of Cd, Pb, and Cu in spinach tissues by transforming their bioavailable fractions to non-bioavailable forms. The Fe-Mg-BC (3%) significantly reduced the mobility of Cd, Pb and Cu in soil and limited the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Cu in plant roots by 34.1%, 79.2%, 47%, and shoots by 56.3%, 43.3%, and 54.1%, respectively, compared to control. These findings underscore the potential of Fe-Mg-BC as a promising amendment for reclaiming soils contaminated with variety of HMs, thereby making a significant contribution to the promotion of safer food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif Irshad
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Wasim Javed
- Water Management Research Center (WMRC), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ali El Naggar
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hun Ho Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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Akhter N, Aqeel M, Shazia, Irshad MK, Shehnaz MM, Lee SS, Noman A, Syed A, Bokhari A, Bahkali AH, Wong LS. Differential capacity of phragmites ecotypes in remediation of inorganic contaminants in coastal ecosystems: Implications for climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118127. [PMID: 38220075 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Remediating inorganic pollutants is an important part of protecting coastal ecosystems, which are especially at risk from the effects of climate change. Different Phragmites karka (Retz) Trin. ex Steud ecotypes were gathered from a variety of environments, and their abilities to remove inorganic contaminants from coastal wetlands were assessed. The goal is to learn how these ecotypes process innovation might help reduce the negative impacts of climate change on coastal environments. The Phragmites karka ecotype E1, found in a coastal environment in Ichkera that was impacted by residential wastewater, has higher biomass production and photosynthetic pigment content than the Phragmites karka ecotypes E2 (Kalsh) and E3 (Gatwala). Osmoprotectant accumulation was similar across ecotypes, suggesting that all were able to successfully adapt to polluted marine environments. The levels of both total soluble sugars and proteins were highest in E2. The amount of glycine betaine (GB) rose across the board, with the highest levels being found in the E3 ecotype. The study also demonstrated that differing coastal habitats significantly influenced the antioxidant activity of all ecotypes, with E1 displaying the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, while E2 exhibited the lowest peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Significant morphological changes were evident in E3, such as an expansion of the phloem, vascular bundle, and metaxylem cell areas. When compared to the E3 ecotype, the E1 and E2 ecotypes showed striking improvements across the board in leaf anatomy. Mechanistic links between architectural and physio-biochemical alterations are crucial to the ecological survival of different ecotypes of Phragmites karka in coastal environments affected by climate change. Their robustness and capacity to reduce pollution can help coastal ecosystems endure in the face of persistent climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Akhter
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Shazia
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Irshad
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Bokhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defence Road Off Rawind Road, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Dilshad R, Khan KUR, Ahmad S, Shaik Mohammad AA, Sherif AE, Rao H, Ahmad M, Ghalloo BA, Begum MY. Phytochemical characterization of Typha domingensis and the assessment of therapeutic potential using in vitro and in vivo biological activities and in silico studies. Front Chem 2023; 11:1273191. [PMID: 38025070 PMCID: PMC10663946 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1273191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Typha domingensis, a medicinal plant with significant traditional importance for curing various human diseases, has potentially bioactive compounds but was less explored previously. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of T. domingensis by evaluating the phytochemical profile through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques and its biological activities (in vitro and in vivo) from the methanolic extract derived from the entire plant (TDME). The secondary metabolite profile of TDME regulated by reverse phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC-MS) revealed some bioactive compounds by -ve and +ve modes of ionization. The HPLC quantification study showed the precise quantity of polyphenols (p-coumaric acid, 207.47; gallic acid, 96.25; and kaempferol, 95.78 μg/g extract). The enzyme inhibition assays revealed the IC50 of TDME as 44.75 ± 0.51, 52.71 ± 0.01, and 67.19 ± 0.68 µgmL-1, which were significant compared to their respective standards (indomethacin, 18.03 ± 0.12; quercetin, 4.11 ± 0.01; and thiourea, 8.97 ± 0.11) for lipoxygenase, α-glucosidase, and urease, respectively. Safety was assessed by in vitro hemolysis (4.25% ± 0.16% compared to triton × 100, 93.51% ± 0.36%), which was further confirmed (up to 10 g/kg) by an in vivo model of rats. TDME demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) potential in analgesic activity by hot plate and tail immersion tests and anti-inflammatory activity by the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model. Pain latency decreased significantly, and the anti-inflammatory effect increased in a dose-dependent way. Additionally, in silico molecular docking revealed that 1,3,4,5-tetracaffeoylquinic acid and formononetin 7-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate possibly contribute to enzyme inhibitory activities due to their higher binding affinities compared to standard inhibitors. An in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicological study also predicted the pharmacokinetics and safety of the chosen compounds identified from TDME. To sum up, it was shown that TDME contains bioactive chemicals and has strong biological activities. The current investigations on T. domingensis could be extended to explore its potential applications in nutraceutical industries and encourage the isolation of novel molecules with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Dilshad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Asmaa E. Sherif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz, Al-Khar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Huma Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M. Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Iqbal U, Hameed M, Ahmad F. Structural and functional traits underlying the capacity of Calotropis procera to face different stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:107992. [PMID: 37688901 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton, originally native to tropical and sub-tropical regions of northwestern Africa to southwest Asia through the Arabian Peninsula. The present study was engaged to uncover the underlying mechanism (structural and functional) of C. procera sampled from six different ecological regions. The population of normal irrigated agriculture field (IAF) had better growth, high K+ ion content, photosynthetic pigments (chl a chl b, Tchl and caro) and stomatal density. The population of dust and pollution stressed habitat (IWD) exhibited enlarged epidermal cells in stem and leaf, enhanced cortical proportion with largest cells in stem and phloem area in leaf. The population of drought and aridity stressed habitat (ARS) showed increased root cellular area, cortical region thickness and its cell area, and phloem region. The population from salt-affected habitat (SLF) possessed high root and shoot ionic contents (Na+ and Ca2+), total soluble sugars, total antioxidant activity, chlorophyll a/b, widened metaxylem vessels and phloem area in the stem, while intensive sclerification observed in both stem and leaf. The population native to waterlogged and salinity stressed habitat (APC) represented vigorous root growth, total free amino acids, well-developed metaxylem vessels and stomatal area in leaf. The population from drought and salinity-prone habitat (UBL) indicate increased storage of parenchymatous tissue (pith region and its cells area) and epidermal cell area in leaf. It is concluded that C. procera showed much outmost behavior in view of growth, structural and functional attributes in response to prevailing environmental condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, 64200, Pakistan.
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
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Nazir A, Sarfraz W, Allah D, Khalid N, Farid M, Shafiq M, Bareen FE, Rizvi ZF, Naeem N. Synergistic impact of two autochthonous saprobic fungi ( A. niger and T. pseudokoningii) on the growth, ionic contents, and metals uptake in Brassica juncea L. and Vigna radiata L. under tannery solid waste contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1488-1500. [PMID: 36633455 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2166457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Unrestricted disposal of tannery solid waste (TSW) into agricultural soils has resulted in the contamination of heavy metals (HMs) such as chromium (Cr) cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) along with the severe potential to degrade the environmental quality around the world. In the present study, a combined phyto- and myco-remediation strategy was evaluated to enhance the growth, ionic contents, and phytoextraction potential of Brassica juncea and Vigna radiata for HMs from TSW-contaminated soil. A pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using single or combined inoculation of Trichoderma pseudokoningii (Tp) and Aspergillus niger (An) in B. juncea and V. radiata under TSW-contaminated soil at different doses (0, 50, and 100%). The results showed that the growth parameters of both B. juncea and V. radiata were severely affected under 50 and 100% TSW treatment. The combined inoculation of both the fungal species ameliorated the positive impacts of 50 and 100% TSW application on growth and ionic contents accumulation in B. juncea and V. radiata. The combined application of An + Tp at 100% TSW enhanced the shoot length (87.8, 157.2%), root length (123.9, 120.6%), number of leaves (184.2, 175.0%), number of roots (104.7, 438.9%), and dry weight (179.4, 144.8%) of B. juncea and V. radiata, respectively as compared to control with any fungal treatment at 100% TSW. A single application of An at different doses of TSW enhanced the metal concentration in B. juncea, whereas Tp increased the concentration of the metals in V. radiata. The concentration of Cr in roots (196.2, 263.8%), shoots (342.4, 182.2%), Cu in roots (187.6, 137.0%), shoots (26.6, 76.0%), Cd in roots (245.2, 184.6%), shoots (142.1, 73.4%), Zn in roots (73.4, 57.5%), shoots (62.9, 57.6%), in B. juncea were increased by the application of An at 50 and 100% treatment levels of TSW, respectively compared to control (C). Moreover, the HMs (Cr, Cu, Cd, and Zn) uptake was also improved under 50 and 100% TSW with the combined inoculation of Tp + An in both B. juncea and V. radiata. In conclusion, the combined inoculation of Tp + An was more effective in metal removal from TSW-treated soil.NOVELTY STATEMENTLimited studies have been conducted on filamentous fungi systematically under metal-contaminated sites for their diversity, metal tolerance, and their potential in enhancing the phytoremediation potential of different crop plants.In the present study, single and/or combined inoculation of fungal strains was found effective in alleviating different metals stress in tannery solid waste contaminated soil by improving defense mechanisms and plant growth due to the association between fungal strains and plants.The combined application of both fungal strains had an additive effect in enhancing the bioaccumulation capacity of B. juncea and V. radiata compared to their single inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Nazir
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Sarfraz
- Department of Botany, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ditta Allah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Farid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Nayab Naeem
- Department of Botany, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
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Naheed R, Zahid M, Aqeel M, Maqsood MF, Kanwal H, Khalid N, Hashem M, Alamri S, Noman A. Mediation of Growth and Metabolism of Pisum sativum in Salt Stress Potentially Be Credited to Thiamine. JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 2022. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s42729-022-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Ozfidan-Konakci C, Alp FN, Arikan B, Balci M, Parmaksizoglu Z, Yildiztugay E, Cavusoglu H. The effects of fullerene on photosynthetic apparatus, chloroplast-encoded gene expression, and nitrogen assimilation in Zea mays under cobalt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13720. [PMID: 35596692 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures, such as the water-soluble fullerene (FLN) derivatives, are considered perspective agents for agriculture. FLN can be a novel nano-agent modulating plant response against stress conditions. However, the mechanism underlying the impacts of FLN on plants in agroecosystems remains unclear. Zea mays was exposed to exogenous C60 -FLN applications (FLN1: 100; FLN2: 250; and FLN3: 500 mg L-1 ) with/without cobalt stress (Co, 300 μM) for 3 days (d). In the maize chloroplasts, Co stress disrupted the photosynthetic efficiency and the expression of genes related to the photosystems (psaA and psbA). FLNs effectively improved the efficiency and photochemical reaction of photosystems. Co stress induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as confirmed by ROS-specific fluorescence in guard cells. Co stress increased only chloroplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX). Stress triggered oxidative damages in maize chloroplasts, measured as an increase in TBARS content. In Co-stressed seedlings exposed to FLN1 and FLN2 exposures, the hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) was scavenged through the nonenzymes/enzymes-related to the AsA-GSH cycle by preserving ascorbate (AsA) conversion, as well as GSH/GSSG and glutathione (GSH) redox state. Also, the alleviation effect of FLN3 against stress could be attributed to increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and AsA regeneration. FLN applications reversed the inhibitory effects of Co stress on nitrogen assimilation. In maize chloroplasts, FLN increased the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), nitrite reductase (NiR), and glutamine synthetase (GS), which provided conversion of inorganic nitrogen (N) into organic N. The ammonium (NH4 + ) toxicity was removed via GS and GDH but not glutamate synthase (GOGAT). The increased NAD-GDH (deaminating) and NADH-GDH (aminating) activities indicated that GDH was needed more for NH4 + detoxification. Therefore, FLN exposure to Co-stressed maize plants might play a role in N metabolism regarding the partitioning of N assimilates. Exogenous FLN conceivably removed Co toxicity by improving the expressions of genes related to reaction center proteins of photosystems, increasing the level of enzymes related to the defense system, and improving the N assimilation in maize chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nur Alp
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melike Balci
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Parmaksizoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Halit Cavusoglu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Hemarthria compressa—Aspergillus niger—Trichoderma pseudokoningii Mediated Trilateral Perspective for Bioremediation and Detoxification of Industrial Paper Sludge. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different fungal species on the metal uptake from paper sludge by Hemarthria compressa L. Paper sludge (PS) in various concentrations (0, 30% and 60%) were used with four treatments of two fungal species (F0 = Control, F1 = Aspergillus niger, F2 = Trichoderma pseudokoningii, F3 = A. niger + T. pseudokoningii). Paper sludge as rooting medium steadily influenced growth and physio-biochemical attributes of H. compressa in F0. Results revealed discrete variations in growth attributes with different PS concentrations and each fungal treatment. The maximum damages in ionic homeostasis (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) due to PS toxicity were evident in parallel with declined chlorophyll concentration. The highest growth, total chlorophyll and biomass of the plants were observed when PS was treated with combined fungal strains (F3). Translocation factor decreased with F3 that is indicative of changes in Cd, Pb, and Cu movement to shoot from root. The plants with combined fungal treatment also showed greater catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activity. Ions, such as Ca, Mg, and Na, also increased gradually with combined fungal treatment. The correlation matrix displayed a close association among diverse fungal and PS levels with multiple plant attributes. PCA-Biplot confirmed the outcome of correlational analyses among different characters of H. compressa. The combined fungal mediate the extraction of heavy metals from the paper sludge by H. compressa recommends the high accumulation of heavy metal (HM) and possible reutilization of metal free sludge as a fertilizer, for application in cultivated fields. Furthermore, the effects of fungal species on HM attenuation in PS are linear and can be used in different habitats. Advancement in such research work will also be helpful in understanding the mechanisms and enhancing the ability of other native microbes to remediate metals.
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Naheed R, Aslam H, Kanwal H, Farhat F, Abo Gamar MI, Al-Mushhin AAM, Jabborova D, Javed Ansari M, Shaheen S, Aqeel M, Noman A, Hessini K. Growth attributes, biochemical modulations, antioxidant enzymatic metabolism and yield in Brassica napus varieties for salinity tolerance. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5469-5479. [PMID: 34588857 PMCID: PMC8459110 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement in salinity tolerance of plants is of immense significance as salt stress particularly threatens the productivity of agricultural crops. This study was designed to assess the tolerance level of six Brassica napus varieties (Super, Sandal, Faisal, CON-111, AC Excel and Punjab) under different levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 & 200 mM) with three replications under CRD. Salt induced osmotic stress curtailed the plant growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments and disturbed ionic homeostasis (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-) but least disturbance as compared to control was found in Super and Sandal cultivars. Punjab canola and AC Excel canola cultivars were least tolerant to salinity because these displayed greater decline in all growth and biochemical attributes. Plants subjected to NaCl induced stress exhibited considerable decline in all attributes under study with proline as exception. Antioxidants (CAT, SOD & POD) showed an obvious change in Canola plants under stress, but greatest decline was displayed at 200 mM NaCl level in all six cultivars. Over all these attributes presented a comparatively stable trend in super and sandal cultivars. This shows presence of physiological resilience and metabolic capacity in these two cultivars to tackle salinity. Similarly, all yield attributes displayed adverse behavior under 150 mM & 200 mM salinity stress. Our results demonstrated that Super and Sandal cultivars of Brassica napus exhibit good performance in salinity tolerance and can be good option for cultivation in salt affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashda Naheed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Aslam
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Kanwal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Farhat
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad I Abo Gamar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amina A M Al-Mushhin
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin abdul aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilfuza Jabborova
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent Region, Kibray 111208, Uzbekistan.,Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Sehar Shaheen
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamel Hessini
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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