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Nazar M, Ahmad A, Hussain SMS, Moniruzzaman M. Formulation and Optimization of Effective Oil Spill Dispersants Composed of Surface-Active Ionic Liquids and Nonionic Surfactants. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30636-30644. [PMID: 39035979 PMCID: PMC11256331 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The use of chemical dispersants to remove oil spills in aquatic environments raises serious concerns, including heightened toxicity and limited biodegradability, which diminish their effectiveness. This study aimed to develop an environmentally friendly formulation by combining two nonionic surfactants (Tween 80, Span 80) with two surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs): 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium lauroyl sarcosinate [Bmim][Lausar] and choline myristate [Cho][Mys], to remediate crude oil spill. The performance of the formulation was evaluated by its emulsion stability, surface tension, interfacial tension (IFT), and effectiveness. The toxicity and biodegradability of the formulation were also assessed to ensure their safe application in aquatic environments. The formulation (F9) exhibited the most stable emulsion, maintaining stability even after 5 h with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 3.52 mM. The efficiency of the formulation in dispersing various crude oils (Arab, Ratawi, and Doba) ranged from 70.12 to 93.72%. Acute toxicity tests conducted on zebrafish demonstrated that the formulation, with an LC50 value of 450 mg L-1, exhibited practically nontoxicity after 96 h. The formulation showed rapid biodegradability, exceeding 60% within a 28-day testing period. This research presents a promising approach for synthesizing the green formulation which can contribute to mitigating the environmental impacts of oil spills and enhancing the efficiency of cleanup operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masooma Nazar
- Center
for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering
and Geosciences, King Fahd University of
Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain
- Center
for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering
and Geosciences, King Fahd University of
Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Bandar
Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia
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Giwa A, Chalermthai B, Shaikh B, Taher H. Green dispersants for oil spill response: A comprehensive review of recent advances. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115118. [PMID: 37300957 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Green dispersants are so-called "green" because they are renewable (from bio-based sources), non-volatile (from ionic liquids), or are from naturally available solvents (vegetable oils). In this review, the effectiveness of different types of green dispersants, namely, protein isolates and hydrolysates from fish and marine wastes, biosurfactants from bacterial and fungal strains, vegetable-based oils such as soybean lecithin and castor oils, as well as green solvents like ionic liquids are reviewed. The challenges and opportunities offered by these green dispersants are also elucidated. The effectiveness of these dispersants varies widely and depends on oil type, dispersant hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and seawater conditions. However, their advantages lie in their relatively low toxicity and desirable physico-chemical properties, which make them potentially ecofriendly and effective dispersants for future oil spill response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Giwa
- Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering (MNE) Department, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bushra Chalermthai
- Bio-Circular-Green-economy Technology & Engineering Center, BCGeTEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bismah Shaikh
- Sustainable Energy Development Research Group, Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Center, Research Institute for Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hanifa Taher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Research and Innovation Center on CO(2) and H(2) (RICH), Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Formulation of a glycolipid:lipopeptide mixture as biosurfactant-based dispersant and development of a low-cost glycolipid production process. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16353. [PMID: 36175491 PMCID: PMC9522864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactant-based dispersants were formulated by mixing glycolipids from Weissella cibaria PN3 and lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis GY19 to enhance the synergistic effect and thereby achieve hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. The proportions of each biosurfactant and dispersant-to-oil ratios (DORs) were varied to obtain the appropriated formulations. The most efficient glycolipid:lipopeptide mixtures (F1 and F2) had oil displacement activities of 81–88% for fuel and crude oils. The baffled flask test of these formulations showed 77–79% dispersion effectiveness at a DOR of 1:25. To reduce the cost of the dispersant, this study optimized the glycolipid production process by using immobilized cells in a stirred tank fermenter. Semicontinuous glycolipid production was carried out conveniently for 3 cycles. Moreover, food wastes, including waste coconut water and waste frying oil, were found to promote glycolipid production. Glycolipids from the optimized process and substrates had similar characteristics but 20–50% lower cost than those produced from basal medium with soybean oil in shaking flasks. The lowest cost dispersant formulation (F2*) contained 10 g/L waste-derived cell-bound glycolipid and 10 g/L lipopeptide and showed high dispersion efficiency with various oils. Therefore, this biosurfactant-based dispersant could be produced on a larger scale for further application.
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Nazar M, Shah MUH, Ahmad A, Yahya WZN, Goto M, Moniruzzaman M. Ionic Liquid and Tween-80 Mixture as an Effective Dispersant for Oil Spills: Toxicity, Biodegradability, and Optimization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15751-15759. [PMID: 35571843 PMCID: PMC9096972 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical dispersants are used extensively for oil spill remediation. Most of these dispersants are composed of a mixture of surfactants and organic solvents, which raises concerns about aquatic toxicity and environmental impact. In this study, the toxicity and biodegradability of an oil spill dispersant composed of the surface-active ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium lauroyl sarcosinate [Bmim][Lausar] and Tween-80 were investigated. In addition, important environmental factors including salinity, temperature, and wave-mixing energy were optimized to obtain maximum dispersion effectiveness. The acute toxicity against zebrafish (Danio rerio) showed that the developed dispersant was practically non-toxic with a median lethal dose of more than 100 mg L-1 after 96 h. The dispersant also demonstrated outstanding biodegradability of 66% after 28 days. A model was developed using a response surface methodology that efficiently (R 2 = 0.992) related the salinity, temperature, and wave-mixing energy of seawater to dispersion effectiveness. The system was then optimized, and a high dispersion effectiveness of 89.70% was obtained with an experimental error of less than 2%. Our findings suggest that the surface-active ionic liquid and Tween-80 mixture could be a viable alternative to toxic chemical dispersants for oil spill remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masooma Nazar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Bandar
Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering
and Technology, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Bandar
Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Bandar
Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
- Center
of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti
Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri
Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744,
Moto-oka, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, Bandar
Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
- Center
of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti
Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri
Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
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The Formulation, Development and Application of Oil Dispersants. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oil spills in open waters pose a significant threat to marine life. The application of dispersant as an oil-spill response is a promising approach to minimize the environmental burden caused by these accidental events. Dispersants have been accepted and applied by many countries around the world as a countermeasure in responding to oil spills due to their great success and advancements in recent years. This review covers different approaches for design and development of chemical formulas of oil dispersants with the aim to improve dispersing efficiencies, followed by formulating non-chemical dispersants, which are more environmentally friendly approaches. The encouraging properties motivate scientific communities to research and develop these non-chemical-based dispersants. In general, this review intends to offer a multi-perspective overall picture of progress made in recent years to develop and apply different dispersants suitable for combating oil spills.
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Current Research and Challenges in Bitumen Emulsion Manufacturing and Its Properties. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062026. [PMID: 35329476 PMCID: PMC8952829 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The global increase of road infrastructure and its impact on the environment requires serious attention to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly road materials. One group of those materials is produced by using bitumen emulsion. However, there are still scientific and technical obstacles standing against its regular application. The bitumen emulsion formulation process and compositional optimization are subjected to a high number of degrees of freedom. Consequently, obtaining the desired product is mostly based on a series of random and tedious trials because of the enormous number of tests that are carried out to meet the required properties, such as emulsion stability, viscosity, droplet size (and distribution), and bitumen emulsion chemistry. Several pre-established formulation procedures have been presented in the literature. Some of them have technical limitations to be utilized for practical industrial application, whereas others are still not understood enough to be applied in bitumen emulsion formulation. Therefore, discussing some important issues in this field could be useful to offer a practical guide for bitumen emulsion manufacturers when trying to formulate a well-defined bitumen emulsion to best fit its use in pavement infrastructure rather than to simply to meet standard specifications. This review paper aims to enable the ultimate potential of bitumen emulsion by further reviewing the research progress of bitumen emulsion manufacturing and discussing the literature available up to now on this topic, in the realm of bitumen emulsion manufacturing and emulsion chemistry.
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