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Zhang Y, Sun W, Wang B, Liu Z, Liu Z, Zhang X, Wang B, Han Y, Zhang H. Metabolomics reveals the lipid metabolism disorder in Pelophylax nigromaculatus exposed to environmentally relevant levels of microcystin-LR. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124458. [PMID: 38942276 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms have emerged as a significant environmental issue worldwide in recent decades. However, the toxic effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on aquatic organisms, such as frogs, have remained poorly understood. In this study, frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR (0, 1, and 10 μg/L) for 21 days. Subsequently, we assessed the impact of MC-LR on the histomorphology of the frogs' livers and conducted a global MS-based nontarget metabolomics analysis, followed by the determination of substances involved in lipid metabolism. Results showed that MC-LR significantly induced histological alterations in the frogs' hepatopancreas. Over 200 differentially expressed metabolites were identified, primarily enriched in lipid metabolism. Biochemical analysis further confirmed that MC-LR exposure led to a disorder in lipid metabolism in the frogs. This study laid the groundwork for a mechanistic understanding of MC-LR toxicity in frogs and potentially other aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wenhui Sun
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhiqun Liu
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Hangzhou International Urbanology Research Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | | | - Binhao Wang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yu Han
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Hangzhou International Urbanology Research Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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2
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Wang L, Chen W, Jin H, Tan Y, Guo C, Fu W, Wu Z, Cui K, Wang Y, Qiu Z, Zhang G, Liu W, Zhou Z. CXCL1/IGHG1 signaling enhances crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages to promote MC-LR-induced colorectal cancer progression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124081. [PMID: 38697251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a common cyantotoxin produced by hazardous cyanobacterial blooms, and eutrophication is increasing the contamination level of MC-LR in drinking water supplies and aquatic foods. MC-LR has been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression associated with tumor microenvironment, however, the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In present study, by using GEO, KEGG, GESA and ImmPort database, MC-LR related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathway- and gene set-enrichment analysis were performed. Of the three identified DEGs (CXCL1, GUCA2A and GDF15), CXCL1 was shown a positive association with tumor infiltration, and was validated to have a dominantly higher upregulation in MC-LR-treated tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) rather than in MC-LR-treated CRC cells. Both CRC cell/macrophage co-culture and xenograft mouse models indicated that MC-LR stimulated TAMs to secrete CXCL1 resulting in promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion capability of CRC cells. Furtherly, IP-MS assay found that interaction between TAMs-derived CXCL1 and CRC cell-derived IGHG1 may enhance CRC cell proliferation and migration after MC-LR treatment, and this effect can be attenuated by silencing IGHG1 in CRC cell. In addition, molecular docking analysis, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence further proved the interactions between CXCL1 and IGHG1. In conclusion, CXCL1 secreted by TAMs can trigger IGHG1 expression in CRC cells, which provides a new clue in elucidating the mechanism of MC-LR-mediated CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weiyan Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huidong Jin
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chengwei Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenjuan Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiling Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ke Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiqun Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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3
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Jia X, Hoskins TD, Lu L, Han Y, Zhang X, Lin H, Shen L, Feng Y, Zheng Y, Hu C, Zhang H. Microcystin-LR Induces Estrogenic Effects at Environmentally Relevant Concentration in Black-Spotted Pond Frogs ( Pelophylax nigromaculatus): In Situ, In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Investigations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9559-9569. [PMID: 38710655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are frequent and intense worldwide, creating hazards for aquatic biodiversity. The potential estrogen-like effect of Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a growing concern. In this study, we assessed the estrogenic potency of MC-LR in black-spotted frogs through combined field and laboratory approaches. In 13 bloom areas of Zhejiang province, China, the MC-LR concentrations in water ranged from 0.87 to 8.77 μg/L and were correlated with sex hormone profiles in frogs, suggesting possible estrogenic activity of MC-LR. Tadpoles exposed to 1 μg/L, an environmentally relevant concentration, displayed a female-biased sex ratio relative to controls. Transcriptomic results revealed that MC-LR induces numerous and complex effects on gene expression across multiple endocrine axes. In addition, exposure of male adults significantly increased the estradiol (E2)/testosterone (T) ratio by 3.5-fold relative to controls. Downregulation of genes related to male reproductive endocrine function was also identified. We also showed how MC-LR enhances the expression of specific estrogen receptor (ER) proteins, which induce estrogenic effects by activating the ER pathway and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In aggregate, our results reveal multiple lines of evidence demonstrating that, for amphibians, MC-LR is an estrogenic endocrine disruptor at environmentally relevant concentrations. The data presented here support the need for a shift in the MC-LR risk assessment. While hepatoxicity has historically been the focus of MC-LR risk assessments, our data clearly demonstrate that estrogenicity is a major mode of toxicity at environmental levels and that estrogenic effects should be considered for risk assessments on MC-LR going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiuying Jia
- Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Tyler D Hoskins
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Liping Lu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Huikang Lin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Lilai Shen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yixuan Feng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yueyue Zheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chao Hu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
- Hangzhou International Urbanology Research Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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4
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Liu YL, Liu JY, Zhu XX, Wei JH, Mi SL, Liu SY, Li XL, Zhang WW, Zhao LL, Wang H, Xu DX, Gao L. Pubertal exposure to Microcystin-LR arrests spermatogonia proliferation by inducing DSB and inhibiting SIRT6 dependent DNA repair in vivo and in vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116191. [PMID: 38460408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The reproduction toxicity of pubertal exposure to Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and the underlying mechanism needs to be further investigated. In the current study, pubertal male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with 2 μg/kg MC-LR for four weeks. Pubertal exposure to MC-LR decreased epididymal sperm concentration and blocked spermatogonia proliferation. In-vitro studies found MC-LR inhibited cell proliferation of GC-1 cells and arrested cell cycle in G2/M phase. Mechanistically, MC-LR exposure evoked excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced DNA double-strand break in GC-1 cells. Besides, MC-LR inhibited DNA repair by reducing PolyADP-ribosylation (PARylation) activity of PARP1. Further study found MC-LR caused proteasomal degradation of SIRT6, a monoADP-ribosylation enzyme which is essential for PARP1 PARylation activity, due to destruction of SIRT6-USP10 interaction. Additionally, MG132 pretreatment alleviated MC-LR-induced SIRT6 degradation and promoted DNA repair, leading to the restoration of cell proliferation inhibition. Correspondingly, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) pre-treatment mitigated the disturbed SIRT6-USP10 interaction and SIRT6 degradation, causing recovered DNA repair and subsequently restoration of cell proliferation inhibition in MC-LR treated GC-1 cells. Together, pubertal exposure to MC-LR induced spermatogonia cell cycle arrest and sperm count reduction by oxidative DNA damage and simultaneous SIRT6-mediated DNA repair failing. This study reports the effect of pubertal exposure to MC-LR on spermatogenesis and complex mechanism how MC-LR induces spermatogonia cell proliferation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuang-Ling Mi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Su-Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Lan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes & Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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5
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Li SC, Gu LH, Wang YF, Wang LM, Chen L, Giesy JP, Tuo X, Xu WL, Wu QH, Liu YQ, Wu MH, Diao YY, Zeng HH, Zhang QB. A proteomic study on gastric impairment in rats caused by microcystin-LR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:169306. [PMID: 38103614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most common cyanobacterial toxins. Epidemiological investigation showed that exposure to MCs can cause gastro-intestinal symptoms, gastroenteritis and gastric cancer. MCs can also accumulate in and cause histopathological damage to stomach. However, the exact mechanisms by which MCs cause gastric injury were unclear. In this study, Wistar rats were administrated 50, 75 or 100 μg microcystin-LR (MC-LR)/kg, body mass (bm) via tail vein, and histopathology, response of anti-oxidant system and the proteome of gastric tissues at 24 h after exposure were studied. Bleeding of fore-stomach and gastric corpus, inflammation and necrosis in gastric corpus and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells in gastric antrum were observed following acute MC-LR exposure. Compared with controls, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly greater in gastric tissues of exposed rats, while activities of catalase (CAT) were less in rats administrated 50 μg MC-LR/kg, bm, and concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were greater in rats administrated 75 or 100 μg MC-LR/kg, bm. These results indicated that MC-LR could disrupt the anti-oxidant system and cause oxidative stress. The proteomic results revealed that MC-LR could affect expressions of proteins related to cytoskeleton, immune system, gastric functions, and some signaling pathways, including platelet activation, complement and coagulation cascades, and ferroptosis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that transcriptions of genes for ferroptosis and gastric function were altered, which confirmed results of proteomics. Overall, this study illustrated that MC-LR could induce gastric dysfunction, and ferroptosis might be involved in MC-LR-induced gastric injury. This study provided novel insights into mechanisms of digestive diseases induced by MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chun Li
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Li-Hong Gu
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Li-Mei Wang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Qilu Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Plateau Shallow Lake in Yunnan Province, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Xun Tuo
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wen-Li Xu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian-Hui Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yi-Qing Liu
- Qilu Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Plateau Shallow Lake in Yunnan Province, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming-Huo Wu
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yang-Yang Diao
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hao-Hang Zeng
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qing-Bi Zhang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Wang Z, Hao Y, Shen J, Li B, Chuan H, Xie P, Liu Y. Visualization of microcystin-LR and sulfides in plateau lakes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132771. [PMID: 37839378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In eutrophic water bodies, sulfides are closely related to the growth of cyanobacteria and the production of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). To date, the underlying interaction mechanism between a sulfides and MC-LR remains controversial. Thus, visually presenting the distribution characteristics of sulfides and MC-LR in contaminated water is crucial. Here, we propose a novel and expeditious practical approach, utilizing fluorescence probe technology, to assess the distribution characteristics of MC-LR and sulfur in natural lakes. We have developed novel probes, pib2, to detect HSO3- and HS-, and pib18, to simultaneously identify MC-LR and sulfides. Through correlation analysis of fluorescence data and physicochemical indicators at sampling points, it is found that fluorescence data has good correlation with sulfides and MC-LR, and speculated that pib2 and pib18 may be able to detect sulfides and MC-LR in lakes. Using this method, we rapidly obtained the distribution of MC-LR and sulfur in Qilu and Erhai Lakes. Notably, for the first time, we rapidly displayed the distributions of sulfides and MC-LR across lakes by the fluorescent probe technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Wang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yu Hao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Huiyan Chuan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ping Xie
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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7
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Ren X, Wang Y, Zhang K, Ding Y, Zhang W, Wu M, Xiao B, Gu P. Transmission of Microcystins in Natural Systems and Resource Processes: A Review of Potential Risks to Humans Health. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:448. [PMID: 37505717 PMCID: PMC10467081 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of microcystins (MCs) poses a serious threat to global freshwater ecosystems and has become an important issue of global public health. MCs have considerable stability and are the most widely distributed hepatotoxins. It cannot only accumulate in aquatic organisms and transfer to higher nutrients and levels, but also be degraded or transferred during the resource utilization of cyanobacteria. No matter which enrichment method, it will lead to the risk of human exposure. This review summarizes the research status of MCs, and introduces the distribution of MCs in different components of aquatic ecosystems. The distribution of MCs in different aquatic organisms was summarized, and the potential risks of MCs in the environment to human safety were summarized. MCs have polluted all areas of aquatic ecosystems. In order to protect human life from the health threats caused by MCs, this paper also proposes some future research directions to promote MCs control and reduce human exposure to MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Gu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.R.); (Y.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (M.W.); (B.X.)
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8
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Zhang H, Zhao X, Li Y, Xie P. A meta-analysis on the toxicity of microcystin-LR to fish and mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121780. [PMID: 37150342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), the most prevalent and dangerous microcystin, poses high risks to living organisms, especially fish and mammals. Although many studies have focused on the toxic effect on fish and mammals exposed to MC-LR, works that incorporate published data into a comprehensive comparison and analysis are still limited. Here, the adverse effects of oxidative stress markers, health, functional traits, and performance traits in fish and mammals were systematically verified by collecting data from 67 studies for the first time. Notably, we first found that the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) always showed increases, whereas the growth (performance traits) always had a significant decrease (p < 0.001) under all variables of MC-LR exposure, i.e., exposure time, exposure concentration, exposure route, and even life stage. Additionally, our study first verified that the activities of MDA and LPO can be employed as oxidative stress indicators of MC-LR effects in fish and mammals instead of other biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), considered by previous studies. Growth may be regarded as a highly sensitive indicator of MC-LR toxicity in mammals and fish. At the same time, we first found that the impact of MC-LR exposure concentration on LPO, MDA, and growth is higher than that of exposure time, exposure route, and different life stages using the random forest (RF) model. In short, this work sheds light on the potential biochemical and individual toxicity of MC-LR exposure in fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yehao Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ping Xie
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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9
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Feng S, Cao M, Tang P, Deng S, Chen L, Tang Y, Zhu L, Chen X, Huang Z, Shen M, Yang F. Microcystins Exposure Associated with Blood Lipid Profiles and Dyslipidemia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hunan Province, China. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040293. [PMID: 37104231 PMCID: PMC10143012 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from experimental research suggests that exposure to microcystins (MCs) may induce lipid metabolism disorder. However, population-based epidemiological studies of the association between MCs exposure and the risk of dyslipidemia are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study involving 720 participants in Hunan Province, China, and evaluated the effects of MCs on blood lipids. After adjusting the lipid related metals, we used binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to examine the associations among serum MCs concentration, the risk of dyslipidemia and blood lipids (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)). Moreover, the additive model was used to explore the interaction effects on dyslipidemia between MCs and metals. Compared to the lowest quartile of MCs exposure, the risk of dyslipidemia [odds ratios (OR) = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46, 3.53] and hyperTG (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.79, 5.05) in the highest quartile was significantly increased, and showed dose-response relationships. MCs were positively associated with TG level (percent change, 9.43%; 95% CI: 3.53%, 15.67%) and negatively associated with HDL-C level (percent change, -3.53%; 95% CI: -5.70%, -2.10%). In addition, an additive antagonistic effect of MCs and Zn on dyslipidemia was also reported [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = -1.81 (95% CI: -3.56, -0.05)], and the attributable proportion of the reduced risk of dyslipidemia due to the antagonism of these two exposures was 83% (95% CI: -1.66, -0.005). Our study first indicated that MCs exposure is an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia in a dose-response manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuidong Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mengyue Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuxiang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Limou Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha 410008, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards of Hunan Province, School of Basic Medicine, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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Yang Y, Zheng S, Chu H, Du C, Chen M, Emran MY, Chen J, Yang F, Tian L. Subchronic Microcystin-LR Aggravates Colorectal Inflammatory Response and Barrier Disruption via Raf/ERK Signaling Pathway in Obese Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040262. [PMID: 37104200 PMCID: PMC10145857 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is an extremely poisonous cyanotoxin that poses a threat to ecosystems and human health. MC-LR has been reported as an enterotoxin. The objective of this study was to determine the effect and the mechanism of subchronic MC-LR toxicity on preexisting diet-induced colorectal damage. C57BL/6J mice were given either a regular diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of feeding, animals were supplied with vehicle or 120 μg/L MC-LR via drinking water for another 8 weeks, and their colorectal were stained with H&E to detect microstructural alterations. Compared with the CT group, the HFD and MC-LR + HFD-treatment group induced a significant weight gain in the mice. Histopathological findings showed that the HFD- and MC-LR + HFD-treatment groups caused epithelial barrier disruption and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The HFD- and MC-LR + HFD-treatment groups raised the levels of inflammation mediator factors and decreased the expression of tight junction-related factors compared to the CT group. The expression levels of p-Raf/Raf and p-ERK/ERK in the HFD- and MC-LR + HFD-treatment groups were significantly increased compared with the CT group. Additionally, treated with MC-LR + HFD, the colorectal injury was further aggravated compared with the HFD-treatment group. These findings suggest that by stimulating the Raf/ERK signaling pathway, MC-LR may cause colorectal inflammation and barrier disruption. This study suggests that MC-LR treatment may exacerbate the colorectal toxicity caused by an HFD. These findings offer unique insights into the consequences and harmful mechanisms of MC-LR and provide strategies for preventing and treating intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hanyu Chu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Can Du
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mengshi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Mohammed Y. Emran
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Jihua Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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11
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Yang Y, Wang H, Wang X, Chen L, Liu W, Cai D, Deng S, Chu H, Liu Y, Feng X, Chen J, Chen M, Wang C, Liu R, Pu Y, Ding Z, Cao D, Long D, Cao Y, Yang F. Long-term environmental levels of microcystin-LR exposure induces colorectal chronic inflammation, fibrosis and barrier disruption via CSF1R/Rap1b signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129793. [PMID: 36029734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a very common toxic cyanotoxins threating ecosystems and the public health. This study aims to explore the long-term effects and potential toxicity mechanisms of MC-LR exposure at environmental levels on colorectal injury. We performed histopathological, biochemical indicator and multi-omics analyses in mice with low-dose MC-LR exposure for 12 months. Long-term environmental levels of MC-LR exposure caused epithelial barrier disruption, inflammatory cell infiltration and an increase of collagen fibers in mouse colorectum. Integrated proteotranscriptomics revealed differential expression of genes/proteins, including CSF1R, which were mainly involved in oxidative stress-induced premature senescence and inflammatory response. MC-LR induced chronic inflammation and fibrosis through oxidative stress and CSF1R/Rap1b signaling pathway were confirmed in cell models. We found for the first time that long-term environmental levels of MC-LR exposure caused colorectal chronic inflammation, fibrosis and barrier disruption via a novel CSF1R/Rap1b signaling pathway. Moreover, MC-LR changed the gut microbiota and microbial-related metabolites in a vicious cycle aggravating colorectal injury. These findings provide novel insights into the effects and toxic mechanisms of MC-LR and suggest strategies for the prevention and treatment of MC-caused intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenya Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danping Cai
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuxiang Deng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hanyu Chu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengshi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Department of Medical Pathology, School of Basic Medical, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Pan C, Qin H, Jin H, Chen W, Guo H, Han X. Environmental exposure to microcystin-LR increases the risks of urinary bladder proliferation and carcinogenesis: Evidence from case control, animal, and in vitro studies. Toxicology 2022; 480:153326. [PMID: 36115647 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To date, no reported studies have explored the impacts of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on bladder tissues, and even the occurrence of bladder cancer. The current study explores the role of MC-LR in the development of bladder cancer through human observation and experimental research. In the population study, the odds ratio of bladder cancer for MC-LR was 6.073 (95 % CI, 2.117-17.422) after adjusting interference confounders. MC-LR is mainly located in the nucleus of epithelial cells in bladder cancer tissues instead of normal tissues. A positive association was observed between MC-LR and advanced tumor stage in serum and tissues. The animal study confirmed that prolonged MC-LR treatment promoted the bladder cancer phenotype accompanied by urinary bladder proliferation. In vitro, we indicated that MC-LR activated the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/Cyclin D1 and JAK2/STAT3/Bcl2 signaling pathways to induce the growth of SV-HUC-1 cells. Moreover, MC-LR promoted the angiogenesis of SV-HUC-1 cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Our study provided the first evidence that prolonged MC-LR treatment increases the incidence of bladder cancer from human investigations, mice models, and in vitro studies, implying the profound importance of the investigation of MC-LR for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haixiang Qin
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Mesquita FMD, de Oliveira DF, Caldeira DDAF, de Albuquerque JPC, Matta L, Faria CCD, Souza IIAD, Takiya CM, Fortunato RS, Nascimento JHM, de Oliveira Azevedo SMF, Zin WA, Maciel L. Subacute and sublethal ingestion of microcystin-LR impairs lung mitochondrial function by an oligomycin-like effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103887. [PMID: 35598755 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent cyanotoxin that can reach several organs. However subacute exposure to sublethal doses of MC-LR has not yet well been studied. Herein, we evaluated the outcomes of subacute and sublethal MC-LR exposure on lungs. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to MC-LR by gavage (30 µg/kg) for 20 consecutive days, whereas CTRL mice received filtered water. Respiratory mechanics was not altered in MC-LR group, but histopathology disclosed increased collagen deposition, immunological cell infiltration, and higher percentage of collapsed alveoli. Mitochondrial function was extensively affected in MC-LR animals. Additionally, a direct in vitro titration of MC-LR revealed impaired mitochondrial function. In conclusion, MC-LR presented an intense deleterious effect on lung mitochondrial function and histology. Furthermore, MC-LR seems to exert an oligomycin-like effect in lung mitochondria. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of the putative pulmonary initial mechanisms of damage resulting from oral MC-LR intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Muniz de Mesquita
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Matta
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Coelho de Faria
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itanna Isis Araujo de Souza
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Campus Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
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