1
|
Yu Q, Ge X, Zheng H, Xing J, Duan L, Lv D, Ding D, Dong Z, Sun Y, Maximilian P, Xie D, Zhao Y, Zhao B, Wang S, Mulder J, Larssen T, Hao J. A probe into the acid deposition mitigation path in China over the last four decades and beyond. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae007. [PMID: 38495813 PMCID: PMC10941815 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
China currently has the highest acid deposition globally, yet research on its status, impacts, causes and controls is lacking. Here, we compiled data and calculated critical loads regarding acid deposition. The results showed that the abatement measures in China have achieved a sharp decline in the emissions of acidifying pollutants and a continuous recovery of precipitation pH, despite the drastic growth in the economy and energy consumption. However, the risk of ecological acidification and eutrophication showed no significant decrease. With similar emission reductions, the decline in areas at risk of acidification in China (7.0%) lags behind those in Europe (20%) or the USA (15%). This was because, unlike Europe and the USA, China's abatement strategies primarily target air quality improvement rather than mitigating ecological impacts. Given that the area with the risk of eutrophication induced by nitrogen deposition remained at 13% of the country even under the scenario of achieving the dual targets of air quality and carbon dioxide mitigation in 2035, we explored an enhanced ammonia abatement pathway. With a further 27% reduction in ammonia by 2035, China could largely eliminate the impacts of acid deposition. This research serves as a valuable reference for China's future acid deposition control and for other nations facing similar challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haotian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongwei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhaoxin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yisheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Posch Maximilian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danni Xie
- International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg A-2361, Austria
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 5003, Norway
| | | | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ge X, Yu Q, Duan L, Zhao Y, Posch M, Hao J. High-resolution maps of critical loads for sulfur and nitrogen in China. Sci Data 2023; 10:339. [PMID: 37258508 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical load concept is an important scientific guideline for acid deposition control. It was not only a crucial scientific basis to determine the emission reduction targets in Europe, but also used in China's air pollution control, especially the designation of two control zones. Currently, critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen are still exceeded in Europe, America, and East Asia (mainly in China), and need to be continuously updated to meet the demands of further emission reductions. Critical loads of China were calculated and mapped in the 2000s, but are not sufficiently accurate due to methodological and data limitations. Here we present the latest high-quality critical loads for China, based on high-resolution basic data on soil, vegetation, and atmospheric base cations deposition, and up-to-date knowledge on important parameters. Our data, which is going to be included in GAINS-China, can be used to assess the ecological benefits of nitrogen and sulfur reductions in China at a regional or national scale, and to develop mitigation strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Maximilian Posch
- International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jiming Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Zhang Z, Luo Z, He T, Liu H, Duan L, Lu K, Liu C, Li X, Wu F, Zhang Y, Liu W, He K. 环境空气质量基准和标准制定方法及其对我国的启示. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
4
|
Yang Y, Zhao T, Jiao H, Wu L, Xiao C, Guo X, Jin C. Atmospheric Organic Nitrogen Deposition in Strategic Water Sources of China after COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052734. [PMID: 35270428 PMCID: PMC8910537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition (AND) may lead to water acidification and eutrophication. In the five months after December 2019, China took strict isolation and COVID-19 prevention measures, thereby causing lockdowns for approximately 1.4 billion people. The Danjiangkou Reservoir refers to the water source in the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, where the AND has increased significantly; thus, the human activities during the COVID-19 period is a unique case to study the influence of AND to water quality. This work monitored the AND distribution around the Danjiangkou Reservoir, including agricultural, urban, traffic, yard, and forest areas. After lockdown, the DTN, DON, and Urea-N were 1.99 kg · hm−2 · month−1, 0.80 kg · hm−2 · month−1, and 0.15 kg · hm−2 · month−1, respectively. The detected values for DTN, DON, and Urea-N in the lockdown period decreased by 9.6%, 30.4%, and 28.97%, respectively, compared to 2019. The reduction in human activities is the reason for the decrease. The urban travel intensity in Nanyang city reduced from 6 to 1 during the lockdown period; the 3 million population which should normally travel out from city were in isolation at home before May. The fertilization action to wheat and orange were also delayed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Tongqian Zhao
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Huazhe Jiao
- School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China;
| | - Li Wu
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Chao Jin
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lv D, Yu Q, Xie D, Zhang J, Ge X, Si G, Zhao B, Wang S, Larssen T, Duan L. Critical loads of headwater streams in China using SSWC model modified by comprehensive F-factor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149780. [PMID: 34461478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the potential risk of surface water acidification in regions with historically-elevated acid deposition and to measure the recovery of such ecosystems after policy changes, critical loads and their exceedances were estimated for 349 headwater streams across China using a modified SSWC model. Such a model considered the acid-neutralizing capacity derived from high base cation deposition and the robust retention of sulfate and nitrate. Results indicated that China's streams had higher critical loads (averaged at 4.7 keq·ha-1·yr-1) and were less sensitive to acid deposition as compared to Europe and North America. The proportion of surveyed streams with acid deposition exceeded critical load decreased from 40.4% in 2005 to 29.5% in 2018, indicating a significant decrease in risk of surface water acidification, and thus a benefit from the emission abatement in recent years. Nonetheless, a relatively high risk of acidification still existed in southeast China with lower critical loads and most critical load exceedances. More efforts should be put into implementing emission control policies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Danni Xie
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Shaanxi 710064, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Gaoyue Si
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Thorjørn Larssen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|