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Ashraf H, Agrawal P, Singh N, Maheshwari N, Qamar A. Ortho-Vanillin Ameliorates Spinetoram-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Silkworm Bombyx mori: Biochemical and In Silico Insights. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s13744-024-01191-0. [PMID: 39141216 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the toxic effects of the insecticide spinetoram on the model organism Bombyx mori (Linnaeus) and explores the potential ameliorative properties of O-Vanillin. Sub-lethal concentrations of spinetoram were given to silkworm larvae via oral feed, resulting in reduced body weight, larval length, and impaired cocoon characteristics. A study of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants revealed oxidative stress in the gut, fat body, and silk gland tissues, characterized by decreased antioxidants and increased lipid peroxidation. However, post-treatment with O-Vanillin effectively mitigated these toxic effects, preserving antioxidant capacities and preventing lipid peroxidation. Additionally, O-Vanillin prevented the loss of body weight and improved cocoon characteristics. At the histological level, spinetoram exposure caused mild histological damage in the gut, fat body, and silk gland. However, O-Vanillin post-treatment had ameliorative effects and mitigated the histological damages. To delve deeper into the mechanism of amelioration of O-Vanillin, in silico studies were used to study the interaction between an important xenobiotic metabolism protein of the Bombyx mori, i.e., Cytochrome p450, specifically CYP9A19, and O-Vanillin. We performed blind molecular docking followed by molecular dynamic simulation, and the results demonstrated stable binding interactions between O-Vanillin and CYP9A19, a cytochrome P450 protein in silkworm, belonging to the subfamily CYP9A, suggesting a potential role for O-vanillin in modulating xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Ashraf
- Section of Entomology, Dept of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Pallavi Agrawal
- Dept of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Section of Entomology, Dept of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | | | - Ayesha Qamar
- Section of Entomology, Dept of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Çelik C, Stanley D, Büyükgüzel E. Dietary oxyclozanide influences antioxidant enzyme activities and damages DNA in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:nvae070. [PMID: 39121012 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Oxyclozanide (OXY) is an anthelmintic widely used in the treatment of flatworm infection and fasciolosis. It also has antiadenovirus, antibiofilm, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. Various chemicals have been suggested as alternative chemicals in insect pest management. Here, the oxidative and genotoxic effects of OXY on 7th instars, pupae and adults of the model organism Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were examined. First-instar larvae were reared on 0.003, 0.03, 0.3, and 1.5 g OXY per 100 g artificial diets. Compared with all tested OXY concentrations and controls without OXY, dietary OXY led to increased antioxidant capacity and genotoxic effects. Concentrations of malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress marker, were significantly increased in adults of larvae reared on OXY-charged diets at 0.3 and 1.5 g/100 g compared to the adult control group. We also recorded a significant increase in the genotoxic test data (Tail length, Tail DNA %, Tail moment) at the same stages and concentrations. We recorded significant increases in glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities in larvae fed high OXY concentrations. SOD and catalase activities were also significantly increased at the concentration of 0.03 g/100 g of OXY in the pupal and adult stages. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity was significantly increased at the highest concentration of OXY in the larval and pupal stages. Also, our regression analysis indicates a correlation between the markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and comet parameters. These data indicate that OXY induces oxidative stress and antioxidative enzyme response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihat Çelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak TR-67100, Türkiye
| | - David Stanley
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ender Büyükgüzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak TR-67100, Türkiye
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Bownik A, Pawlik-Skowrońska B, Wlodkowic D, Mieczan T. Interactive effects of cyanobacterial metabolites aeruginosin-98B, anabaenopeptin-B and cylindrospermopsin on physiological parameters and novel in vivo fluorescent indicators in Chironomus aprilinus larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169846. [PMID: 38185144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of single cyanobacterial metabolites aeruginosin-B (AER-B), anabaenopeptin-B (ANA-B), cylindrospermopsin (CYL), their binary and ternary mixtures on biomarkers of Chironomus aprilinus larvae: oxygen consumption, fat body structure and two novel fluorescent indicators: imaging of nuclei in cells of body integument, and the catecholamine level. The obtained results showed that oxygen consumption was inhibited by single tested cyanobacterial metabolites except for ANA-B at the lowest concentration (250 μg/L). Although the mixtures of the metabolites inhibited oxygen consumption with antagonistic interactions between the components stimulation was noted in the group exposed to the lowest concentrations of AER-B + CYL (125 μg/L + 125 μg/L, respectively) and the ternary mixture of AER-B + ANA-B + CYL (83.3 μg/L + 83.3 μg/L + 83.3 μg/L, respectively). In vivo fluorescent staining with Hoechst 34580 showed that single AER-B had lower cytotoxic potential on body integument cells than ANA-B and CYL and most binary mixtures except for AER-B + CYL induced synergistic toxicity. Catecholamine level was decreased in animals exposed to single metabolites, their binary and ternary mixtures; however, the interactions between the components in the ternary mixture were antagonistic. Fat body was found to be disrupted in the larvae exposed to single metabolites and their combinations. Antagonistic toxic interactions between the oligopeptide components were found in most binary and the ternary mixtures; however, synergistic effect was noted in the binary mixture of AER-B + CYL. The results suggest that in natural conditions Chironomus larvae and possibly other benthic invertebrates may be affected by cyanobacterial metabolites, however various components and in mixtures and their concentrations may determine varied physiological effects and diverse interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawlik-Skowrońska
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- The Neurotox Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Tomasz Mieczan
- Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
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Scudeler EL, Daquila BV, de Carvalho SF, Conte H, Padovani CR, Dos Santos DC. Azadirachtin-based insecticide impairs testis morphology and spermatogenesis of the southern armyworm Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1650-1659. [PMID: 36565161 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the search for alternative tools for integrated pest management, azadirachtin, a botanical insecticide, has been used with the most promising activity against Spodoptera spp., but the mechanism of cytotoxicity on reproductive organs remains unclear. Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782) is a polyphagous pest with great economic importance that has become an important target to elucidate the action of azadirachtin on the reproductive organs of insect pests, helping to understand the deleterious effects caused by its exposure. This study evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to azadirachtin on the morphology and ultrastructure of S. eridania larval testes as well as larval development. RESULTS Azadirachtin exposure (6 or 18 mg a.i. L-1 ) caused a progressive increase in cumulative mortality and reduced gain in body mass after 5 days. Testicular structure indicated a reduction in their size with internal morphological changes such as spermatogonia, spermatogonial, spermatocytes and spermatid cysts in degeneration. The occurrence of cell death in germ and somatic cells was evidenced by the TUNEL technique. Electron microscopy revealed changes in cystic cells, such as cytoplasmic membrane rupture and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Chromatin compaction, changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex cisternae were observed in germ cells. Apoptotic bodies occurred between germ cell cysts. CONCLUSION Azadirachtin damaged the testes of S. eridania larvae, and these changes compromised spermatogenesis and consequently the development of the reproductive potential of this specimen, making azadirachtin a promising botanical insecticide for application in integrated pest management programs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Luiz Scudeler
- Laboratory of Insects, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Vinicius Daquila
- Laboratory of Biological Control and Bioprospection of Insects. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Shelly Favorito de Carvalho
- Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helio Conte
- Laboratory of Biological Control and Bioprospection of Insects. Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biodiversity and Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Insects, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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