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Bratu MM, Birghila S, Birghila C, Coatu V, Danilov DA, Lupascu N, Vasiliu D, Radu MD. Correlation Between Toxic Elements and Pesticide Residues in Medicinal Herbs Available in Pharmaceutical Market. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5848-5860. [PMID: 36964813 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plants for self-medication of minor health conditions has become a widespread practice in contemporary society. Few consumes, however, question the contamination of these products with toxic factors resulting from the planet's increasingly polluted environment. This paper presents the levels of five toxic elements (As, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Hg) and nine organochlorine pesticides (hexachlorobenzene (HCB), lindane, heptachor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, p,p'DDE, p,p'DDD, and p,p'DDT) in 14 brands of regularly consumed medicinal products in Romania. The toxic elements content was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique, and organochlorine pesticide residues (OPCs) were quantified using gas-chromatographic method, equipped with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The results show that in the case of Cr, Cd, and Hg, the concentrations exceeded the limit values established by World Health Organisation (WHO) for raw herbal material. The higher level of OPCs (such as p,p'DDD, p,p'DDT, aldrin, and dieldrin) was found in the samples of Hypericum perforatum-St. John's wort, Crataegus monogyna-hawthorn, and Epilobium parviflorum-hoary willowherb. The correlations between the content of toxic elements and pesticides were determined by statistical analysis. Hierarchical clustering technique was used to detect natural grouping between the toxic elements and pesticides. For herb samples, four clusters were identified, the strongest correlated cluster consisting of Pb, HCB, Cr, and Hg. A further analysis within this cluster suggested that Cr levels are statistically different from the rest of the elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Mirela Bratu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences II, Ovidius University of Constanta, 6, Aleea Universitatii, Campus 1, 900470, Constanta, Romania
| | - Semaghiul Birghila
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 124, Mamaia Avenue, 900527 9, Constanta, Romania.
| | - Corina Birghila
- Faculty of Mathematics, Institute for Mathematical Stochastics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Coatu
- NIMRD "Grigore Antipa" National Institute for Marine Research and Development, Bvd.Mamaia, nr. 300, RO-900581, Constanta, Romania
| | - Diana Andreea Danilov
- NIMRD "Grigore Antipa" National Institute for Marine Research and Development, Bvd.Mamaia, nr. 300, RO-900581, Constanta, Romania
| | - Naliana Lupascu
- National Institute for Research and Development on Marine Geology and Geoecology - GeoEcoMar, 23-25 Dimitrie Onciul Str, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Vasiliu
- National Institute for Research and Development on Marine Geology and Geoecology - GeoEcoMar, 23-25 Dimitrie Onciul Str, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Daniel Radu
- Department of Biological Sciences II, Ovidius University of Constanta, Aleea University Avenue, Campus 1, 900470, Constanta, Romania
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Wu Y, Tian X, Wang R, Zhang M, Wang S. Effects of vegetation restoration on distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil in Karst plateau area of Guizhou. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15044. [PMID: 36949760 PMCID: PMC10026723 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In southwest China, vegetation restoration is widely used in karst rocky desertification control projects. This technology can effectively fix the easily lost soil, gradually restore the plant community and improve soil fertility. However, the change law of soil heavy metals in the restoration process remains to be further studied. Therefore, in this work, Guizhou Caohai Nature Reserve as a typical karst area was taken as the research object to investigate the influence of vegetation restoration technology on repairing soil heavy metal pollution. The spatial distribution characteristics of soil heavy metals (chromium, nickel, arsenic, zinc, lead) before and after vegetation restoration in karst area were studied by comparative analysis and linear stepwise regression analysis. The main influencing factors and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in karst area were further discussed. The results showed that: (1) heavy metals in karst soils are affected by surface vegetation, root exudates, microorganisms and leaching. Only heavy metals nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) showed the tendency of surface enrichment and bottom precipitation enrichment in non-karst soils. Path analysis suggested that non-metallic soil factors such as soil bulk density (BD), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N) had direct effect on the content of heavy metals in soil. (2) The proportion of 0.25-2 mm aggregates in the surface soil of vegetation restoration belt was more than 40%, and the proportion of surface soil ≤2 mm aggregates in this increased to 83% and 88%, respectively, which could improve the soil structure and properties effectively. (3) Vegetation restoration effectively restored the nutrient elements such as carbon and nitrogen in the soil, and enhanced the soil material circulation. Furthermore the content of heavy metals in the surface soil higher than that in the 10-20 cm soil layer. Plant absorption, biosorption mechanism of microorganisms, coupling of root exudates, dissolution of soil soluble organic carbon and pH make the contents of heavy metals Cr, Ni and Pb in vegetation restoration belt slightly lower than those in karst soil. At the same time, affected by vegetation coverage, residual heavy metals in soil are further leached by surface runoff. Therefore, the content of heavy metals in soil could reduce combined heavy metal enrichment plants for extraction with remediation. This study elucidates the advantages and remedy mechanism of vegetation restoration in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils in Caohai area of Guizhou, and this plant activation and enrichment extraction remediation technology would be popularized and applied in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils in other karst areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Wu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Asia, China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Asia, China
| | - Runze Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Asia, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, The Institute of Karst Wetland Ecology, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Asia, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical and Urban Construction, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Qingzhen, Asia, China
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Shi J, Qian W, Jin Z, Zhou Z, Wang X, Yang X. Evaluation of soil heavy metals pollution and the phytoremediation potential of copper-nickel mine tailings ponds. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277159. [PMID: 36867622 PMCID: PMC9983881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soils caused by mining has led to major environmental problems around the globe and seriously threatens the ecological environment. The assessment of heavy metal pollution and the local phytoremediation potential of contaminated sites is an important prerequisite for phytoremediation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the characteristics of heavy metal pollution around a copper-nickel mine tailings pond and screen local plant species that could be potentially suitable for phytoremediation. The results showed that Cd, Cu, Ni, and Cr in the soil around the tailings pond were at the heavy pollution level, Mn and Pb pollution was moderate, and Zn and As pollution was light; The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model results showed that the contributions made by industrial pollution to Cu and Ni were 62.5% and 66.5%, respectively, atmospheric sedimentation and agricultural pollution contributions to Cr and Cd were 44.6% and 42.8%, respectively, the traffic pollution contribution to Pb was 41.2%, and the contributions made by natural pollution sources to Mn, Zn, and As were 54.5%, 47.9%, and 40.0% respectively. The maximum accumulation values for Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, and As in 10 plants were 53.77, 102.67, 91.10, 1.16 and 7.23 mg/kg, respectively, which exceeded the normal content of heavy metals in plants. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald had the highest comprehensive extraction coefficient (CEI) and comprehensive stability coefficient (CSI) at 0.81 and 0.83, respectively. These results indicate that the heavy metal pollution in the soil around the copper nickel mine tailings pond investigated in this study is serious and may affect the normal growth of plants. Ammophila breviligulata Fernald has a strong comprehensive remediation capacity and can be used as a remediation plant species for multiple metal compound pollution sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Shi
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science/National Native-Oasis Ecology Construction Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenting Qian
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science/National Native-Oasis Ecology Construction Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, China
- * E-mail: (ZJ); (WQ)
| | - Zhengzhong Jin
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science/National Native-Oasis Ecology Construction Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, China
- * E-mail: (ZJ); (WQ)
| | - Zhibin Zhou
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science/National Native-Oasis Ecology Construction Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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Chauhan S, Dahiya D, Sharma V, Khan N, Chaurasia D, Nadda AK, Varjani S, Pandey A, Bhargava PC. Advances from conventional to real time detection of heavy metal(loid)s for water monitoring: An overview of biosensing applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136124. [PMID: 35995194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of the industrial sector has expedited the accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s in the environment at hazardous levels. The elements such as arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium are lethal in terms of toxicity with severe health impacts. With issues like water scarcity, limitations in wastewater treatment, and costs pertaining to detection in environmental matrices; their rapid and selective detection for reuse of effluents is of the utmost priority. Biosensors are the futuristic tool for the accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of a specific analyte and integrate biotechnology, microelectronics and nanotechnology to fabricate a miniaturized device without compromising the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The characteristic features of supporting matrix largely affect the biosensing ability of the device and incorporation of highly sensitive and durable metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are reported to enhance the efficiency of advanced biosensors. Electrochemical biosensors are among the most widely developed biosensors for the detection of heavy metal(loids), while direct electron transfer approach from the recognition element to the electrode has been found to decrease the chances of interference. This review provides an insight into the recent progress in biosensor technologies for the detection of prevalent heavy metal(loid)s; using advanced support systems such as functional metal-based nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, screen printed electrodes, glass beads etc. The review also delves critically in comparison of various techno-economic studies and the latest advances in biosensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Chauhan
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Digvijay Dahiya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh Tadepalligudem, 534101, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Nawaz Khan
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Deepshi Chaurasia
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
| | | | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226029, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi Bhargava
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 001, India.
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