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Cao C, Liang BY, Yang Y, Ren D, Tang QH, Wang CW, Li Z, Wang J. Temporal variations in absorption and translocation of heavy metal(loid)s in pak choi (Brassica rapa L.) under open-field and greenhouse cultivation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116667. [PMID: 38964068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the absorption and translocation of heavy metal(loid)s by common vegetables across different growth environments and stages is crucial for conducting accurate environmental risk assessments and for associated control. This study investigated temporal variations in the absorption and translocation capacities of pak choi (Brassica rapa L.) for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in polluted soils during the plant growth cycle under greenhouse and open-field cultivation modes. Results showed high root metal(loid) bioconcentration factors and root-to-shoot translocation factors for Cd (0.25 and 1.44, respectively) and Zn (0.26 and 1.01), but low values for As (0.06 and 0.88) and Pb (0.06 and 0.87). The Cd concentration in the aerial edible parts peaked during the early slow growth period, whereas other heavy metal(loid)s peaked during the later stable maturity period. Root bioconcentration and root-to-shoot translocation factors did not significantly differ between cultivation modes. However, greenhouse cultivation exhibited lower average Cd and Zn concentrations in the edible parts and cumulative uptake amounts of most metal(loid)s than open-field cultivation during the typical harvest period spanning days 60 and 90. Short-term transitioning from open-field to greenhouse cultivation may reduce health risks associated with heavy metal(loid) intake via pak choi consumption. These findings facilitate sustainable agricultural practices and food safety management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Bin-Yue Liang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Water Department of Li County, Longnan, Gansu Province 742500, China
| | - Dan Ren
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Shangzhou District, Shangluo City, Shangluo, Shaanxi Province 726000, China
| | - Qian-Hui Tang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Chen-Wen Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Yang L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Liu B, Chen H, You W, Huang B. Fractionation of metals in soil for strawberry cultivation: Effect on metal migration in food chain and application in risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118840. [PMID: 38570130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Although trace metals in strawberry production system have attracted growing attention, little is known about metal fractionation in soil for strawberry cultivation. We hypothesized that the metal fractions in soil influenced by strawberry production had significant effect on food chain transport of metals and their risk in soil. Here, samples of strawberries and soil were gathered in the Yangtze River Delta, China to verify the hypothesis. Results showed that the acid-soluble Cr, Cd, and Ni in soil for strawberry cultivation were 21.5%-88.3% higher than those in open field soil, which enhanced uptake and bioaccessible levels of these metals in strawberries. Overall, the ecological, mobility, and health risks of Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cu in soil were at a low level. However, the ecological risk of bioavailable Cd, mobility risk of Cd, and cancer risk of bioavailable Cr in over 70% of the soil samples were at moderate, high, and acceptable levels, respectively. Since the increased acid-soluble Cr and Ni in soil were related to soil acidification induced by strawberry production, nitrogen fertilizer application should be optimized to prevent soil acidification and reduce transfer of Cr and Ni. Additionally, as Cd and organic matter accumulated in soil, the acid-soluble Cd and the ecological and mobility risks of Cd in soil were enhanced. To decrease transfer and risk of Cd in soil, organic fertilizer application should be optimized to mitigate Cd accumulation, alter organic matter composition, and subsequently promote the transformation of bioavailable Cd into residual Cd in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanqin Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China; School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunxi Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Benle Liu
- School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua You
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Hao Y, Xiong G, Tang Q, Tang X. Impact of Physical Interventions, Phosphorus Fertilization, and the Utilization of Soil Amendments on the Absorption of Cadmium by Lettuce Grown in a Solar-Powered Greenhouse. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:332. [PMID: 38785814 PMCID: PMC11117768 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical measures and the applications of phosphorus fertilizer and soil conditioner on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and its uptake of cadmium (Cd). In a solar greenhouse that contained soil enriched with cadmium (Cd) (1.75 ± 0.41 mg/kg) with lettuce used as a test plant, field experimental methods were utilized to explore the influence of physical measures, such as deep plowing and soil covering, and the applications of phosphorus fertilizer, including diammonium phosphate (DAP), calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP), and calcium superphosphate (SSP), and soil conditioners, such as biochar, attapulgite clay, and nano-hydroxyapatite, on the uptake of Cd in lettuce. The results indicated that the concentrations of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce were 1.49 ± 0.45, 1.26 ± 0.02, 1.00 ± 0.21, and 0.24 ± 0.13 mg/kg when the soil was plowed 30, 40, and 50 cm deep, respectively, and when the soil was covered with 15 cm, this resulted in reductions of 27.5%, 38.3%, 51.4%, and 88.4%, respectively, compared with the control treatment that entailed plowing to 15 cm. When 75, 150, and 225 kg/ha of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) were applied compared with the lack of application, the contents of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce increased by 2.0%, 54.5%, and 73.7%, respectively, when DAP was applied; by 52.5%, 48.5%, and 8.1%, respectively, when CMP was applied; and by 13.1%, 61.6%, and 90.9%, respectively, when SSP was applied. When the amounts of biochar applied were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 t/ha, the contents of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce were 1.36 ± 0.27, 1.47 ± 0.56, 1.80 ± 0.73, 1.96 ± 0.12, 1.89 ± 0.52, 1.44 ± 0.30, and 1.10 ± 0.27 mg/kg, respectively. Under concentrations of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg/ha, the application of nano-hydroxyapatite resulted in Cd contents of 1.34 ± 0.56, 1.47 ± 0.10, 1.60 ± 0.44, 1.70 ± 0.21, 1.31 ± 0.09, and 1.51 ± 0.34 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce treated with attapulgite clay were 1.44 ± 0.48, 1.88 ± 0.67, 2.10 ± 0.80, 2.24 ± 0.75, 1.78 ± 0.41, and 1.88 ± 0.48 mg/kg, respectively. In summary, under the conditions in this study, deep plowing and soil covering measures can reduce the concentration of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce. The application of phosphorus fertilizer increased the concentration of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce. The application of higher amounts of DAP and SSP led to greater concentrations of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce. The application of higher amounts of CMP caused a lower concentration of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce. When biochar, attapulgite clay, and nano-hydroxyapatite were applied, the concentration of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce increased in parallel with the increase in the concentration of application when low amounts were applied. In contrast, when high amounts were applied, the concentration of Cd in the aboveground parts of lettuce began to decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun’an Zhang
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Coastal Areas, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (G.X.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
| | - Yingjun Hao
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Coastal Areas, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (G.X.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
| | - Guangsen Xiong
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Coastal Areas, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (G.X.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
| | - Quanzhong Tang
- Department of Sociology, HSE University, Saint Petersburg 192148, Russia;
| | - Xiwang Tang
- Hebei Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Coastal Areas, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China; (J.Z.); (Y.H.); (G.X.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
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Wang S, Xiong Z, Han X, Wang L, Liang T. Unveiling the spatial differentiation drivers of major soil element behavior along traffic network accessibility. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123045. [PMID: 38048872 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in transportation networks have induced a spatial-temporal convergence effect, accelerating socio-economic elements flow and dismantling the conventional "core-periphery" urbanization gradient. Accessibility of transportation networks emerges as a reliable indicator of urbanization. There has been a growing global and Chinese focus on the various forms of metal pollution in urban soil. This study aims to investigate the driving forces and effects of urbanization factors (Gross Domestic Product (GDP), value added of secondary industries (VA), night light (NL), population density (PD), and road density (Distance)), soil property factors (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total organic carbon (TOC)), and topographic factors (elevation (DEM), aspect, and slope) on toxic heavy metal elements (Cd, As, and Hg) and trace elements (Mn, Ti, V) in surface soil (0-20 cm) across varying accessibility levels in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Results reveal significant influence of accessibility on Cd and Hg levels (p < 0.05), with higher accessibility areas displaying elevated element concentrations. According to the evaluation results of the single-factor pollution index, Cd and V have the highest pollution exceedance rates (93.18% and 75.76%, respectively). Moran's Index results highlight typical spatial clustering of elements, with hotspots in areas of high accessibility. Urbanization has led to distinct spatial agglomeration patterns in element concentrations and environmental factors. Geographic detector analysis reveal that in low accessibility areas, metal element pollution and distribution are influenced by a combination of complex factors, including soil properties (pH), terrain conditions (DEM), and the urbanization process (VA). In high accessibility areas, toxic heavy metal elements are primarily driven by urbanization factors, largely influenced by transportation activities, industrial development, and population density, while elements Mn, Ti, and V are still influenced by both natural processes and urbanization activities. These findings suggest that urbanization intensifies the impact on potential toxic elements in soil, and that trace elements are increasingly affected by urbanization, warranting further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhunan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Guan TX, Lu ZP, Yue M, Li BG, Fu AG, Zhang XD, Li ZH. Accumulation of livestock manure-derived heavy metals in the Hexi Corridor oasis agricultural alkaline soil and bioavailability to Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) after 4-year continuous application. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122969. [PMID: 37989408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Hexi Corridor is one of the most important base of vegetable producing areas in China. Livestock manure (LM) applied to agricultural field could lead to soil heavy metal (HM) pollution. Previous studies have focused on HM pollution following LM application in acidic polluted soils; however, fewer studies have been conducted in alkaline unpolluted soils. A 4-year field vegetable production experiment was conducted using pig manure (PM) and chicken manure (CM) at five application rates (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 t ha-1) to elucidate potential risks of HMs in an alkaline unpolluted soil in the Hexi Corridor oasis agricultural area and HM uptake by Chinese cabbage. The results showed that LM application caused a significant build-up of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Ni content in topsoil by 30.6-99.7%, 11.4-51.7%, 1.4-31.3%, 5.6-44.9%, 14%-40.8%, respectively. The Cd, Cu, Zn could potentially exceed the soil threshold in next 8-65 years after 15-60 t ha-1 LM application. Under LM treatment, the soil DTPA-extractable Cu, Zn, Fe, the acid-extractable fraction of Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Ni, and the Oxidable fraction of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Ni significantly increased, but the DTPA-extractable Pb, Cd, the acid-extractable fraction of Pb, and the reducible fraction of Cd significantly decreased. Cu and Zn could migrate to the deeper soil and relatively increase in DTPA-extracted Cu, Zn were found in 20-40 cm soil depth after LM application. The pH and SOM could influence the bioavailability of HMs in soil. The bioaccumulation factor and transfer factor (TF) values were <1 except Mn (TF > 1). HMs in leaf did not approach the threshold for HM toxicity due to the "dilution effect". Recommend the type of manure was the PM and the annual PM application rate was 30 t ha-1 to ensure a 20-year period of clean production in alkaline unpolluted Fluvo-aqiuc vegetable soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xia Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu, College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China
| | - Zhao-Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Bao-Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ai-Gen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhong-Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Petrović M, Medunić G, Fiket Ž. Essential role of multi-element data in interpreting elevated element concentrations in areas impacted by both natural and anthropogenic influences. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15904. [PMID: 37744221 PMCID: PMC10512964 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This article presents a detailed analysis of a dataset consisting of 27 elements found in soils, soil eluates, and vegetables from private gardens in a region with a long history of coal mining and burning. With coal being one of the world's most significant energy sources, and previous studies highlighting elevated element levels in vegetables from this region, the objective of this study was to identify the factors that impact soil geochemistry and metal(loid) uptake in plants. Methods Total major and trace element concentrations were analyzed in soils, soil eluates and vegetables by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The vegetable samples included six species: fennel, garlic, lettuce, parsley, onion, and radicchio. Each plant was divided into roots, stems, leaves, and/or bulbs and analyzed separately. In addition, the soil pollution status, bioavailable fractions and transfer factors from soil and soil eluates to different plant parts were determined. Results The comprehensive dataset revealed that, apart from the substrate enriched with various elements (Al, As, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Ti, U, V, and Zn), other anthropogenic factors such as the legacy of coal mining and combustion activities, associated industries in the area, transport, and agricultural practices, also influence the elevated element concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Se) in locally grown vegetables. The transfer factors based on element concentrations in aqueous soil eluates and element bioavailable fractions confirmed to be an effective tool for evaluating metal uptake in plants, emphazising to some extent the effects of plant species and revealing unique patterns for each pollution source within its environmental context (e.g., Cd, Mo, S, and Se in this case). The study highlights the crucial importance of utilizing comprehensive datasets that encompass a multitude of factors when interpreting the impacts of element uptake in edible plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petrović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Medunić
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Fiket
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Wan L, Zhao Y, Xia L, Hu J, Xue T, Lv H, Yao Z, Meng F, Li G, Lin S, Butterbach-Bahl K. Assessing the environmental sustainability of different soil disinfestation methods used in solar greenhouse vegetable production systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 885:163962. [PMID: 37149197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of fertilizers and irrigation and continuous monocropping is increasingly jeopardizing vegetable production in solar greenhouses as it causes serious soil degradation and the spread of soil-borne diseases. As a countermeasure, the practice of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) has been recently introduced, which is carried out during the summer fallow period. However, ASD may increase N leaching and greenhouse gas emissions when large amounts of chicken manure are applied. This study assesses how the use of different amounts of chicken manure (CM) combined with rice shells (RS) or maize straw (MS) affects soil O2 availability, N leaching, and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions during and following the ASD period. Application of RS or MS alone effectively stimulated long-lasting soil anaerobiosis without major stimulating effects on N2O emission and N leaching. Seasonal N leaching and N2O emissions were in the ranges of 144-306 and 3-44 kg N ha-1, respectively, and were strongly increasing with increasing rates of manure application. Combining high rates of manure application with additional incorporation of crop residues further increased N2O emissions by 56 %-90 % as compared to the standard practice of farmers (1200 kg N ha-1 CM). About 56 %-91 % of seasonal N2O emissions occurred during the ASD period, whereas N leaching mainly occurred in the cropping period (75 %-100 %). Our study shows, that for priming ASD incorporation of crop residue is sufficient and that the addition of chicken manure for ASD is not needed and should be reduced or even prohibited as it does not improve yields but stimulates the emission of the strong GHG N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Yiming Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Longlong Xia
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tongxin Xue
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haofeng Lv
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fanqiao Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoyuan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Hubei, 432000, China
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Hubei, 432000, China.
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Pioneer center Land-CRAFT, Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Wang Z, Bai L, Zhang Y, Zhao K, Wu J, Fu W. Spatial variation, sources identification and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in a typical Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii plantation region of southeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157832. [PMID: 35932857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Torreya grandis (Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii) is a unique nut tree species in China. Currently, researches on Torreya grandis focus on nuts quality and yield, while few works are related to the soil quality of Torreya grandis plantation. In this study, the typical Torreya grandis production areas of Zhuji, Shengzhou, Keqiao and Dongyang cities along the Kuaiji Mountain were selected. A total of 121 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected based on a grid of 1 km × 1 km. The results indicated that the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, As, Ni and Pb in soils were 0.12, 49.01, 27.95, 14.28, 26.97 and 40.28 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentrations of six heavy metals all exceeded the background values, and there were different degrees of pollution levels. The results of Moran's I indicated that the spatial high-high clusters of soil heavy metals were mainly distributed in Zhuji and the junction of Shengzhou and Keqiao. The partial least squares path analysis of structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that OM and soil nutrients had extremely significant effects on soil heavy metals. Sources identification of principle component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization model (PMF) revealed that agricultural activities, natural factors and mining were the main sources of soil heavy metals. The human health risks caused by soil heavy metals pollution were generally acceptable based on Monte Carlo simulation method. For the heavy-metal polluted area, management measures should be considered in order to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Zhejiang Public Welfare and State Forest Farm Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Longlong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Zhejiang Public Welfare and State Forest Farm Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Keli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Jiasen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Weijun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
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Qasim W, Wan L, Lv H, Zhao Y, Hu J, Meng F, Lin S, Butterbach-Bahl K. Impact of anaerobic soil disinfestation on seasonal N 2O emissions and N leaching in greenhouse vegetable production system depends on amount and quality of organic matter additions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154673. [PMID: 35314244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) systems in China receive excessive amounts of fertilizers (>1500 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and irrigation (>1200 mm yr-1), which results in severe soil degradation. Moreover, soil borne diseases are common as the same crop is planted continuously over years. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a method carried out every 3-4 years during the summer fallow period to combat soil-borne diseases and to improve soil health. The standard ASD practice, which is carried out before the cropping season, involves incorporation of organic matter (i.e. rice shells or straw) into the soil, covering of the soil with plastic films and soil irrigation until saturation. However, many farmers incorporate large amounts of organic nitrogen fertilizer for priming ASD. In this study, we investigated if incorporation of rice shells plus chicken manure (ASD+RM; farmers practice) provokes higher environmental N losses (N2O emissions and N leaching) during the ASD and the following tomato crop growing period as compared to the standard ASD practice (ASD+R: only rice shells) or a Control (fallow, but with incorporation of organic manure, standard in non-ASD years). Results showed that ASD+RM increased seasonal (ASD/fallow period plus tomato crop growing period) soil N2O emissions by a factor of 3 (ASD+RM: 14.1 kg N2O-N ha-1; ASD+R: 4.7 kg N2O-N ha-1), with 2/3 of emissions occurring during the 25 days long ASD period. Across all treatments, nitrate (NO3-) leaching dominated total N leaching (75%), with significantly lower rates observed for ASD+R as compared to ASD+RM. For both ASD treatments, total dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) leaching was a factor of two higher than for the Control. Crop productivity was not affected by ASD. Our findings imply that ASD+RM should be abandoned as the additional supply of manure N results in high environmental N losses without further increasing yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Qasim
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Li Wan
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haofeng Lv
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanqiao Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shan Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Hubei 432000, China.
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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