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Wang S, He P, Wu X, Zan F, Yuan Z, Zhou J, Xu M. It's time to reevaluate the list of priority polycyclic aromatic compounds: Evidence from a large urban shallow lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:173988. [PMID: 38889819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring only 16 priority PAHs (Pri-PAHs) may greatly underestimate the pollutant load and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in aquatic environments. There is an urgent need to reevaluate the list of priority PACs. To determine which PACs deserve priority monitoring, the occurrence, sources, and toxicity of 78 PACs, including 24 parent PAHs (Par-PAHs), 49 alkylated PAHs (Alk-PAHs), 3 oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), carbazole, and dibenzothiophene were investigated for the first time in Lake Chaohu sediments, China. Concentrations of ∑Par-PAHs, ∑Alk-PAHs, and ∑OPAHs ranged from 35 to 165, 3.4-26, and 7.7-26 ng g-1, respectively. Concentrations of 16 Pri-PAHs have decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared to a decade ago, owing to the effective implementation of PAHs emission control measures. Comparisons with the sediment quality guidelines indicated that 16 Pri-PAHs have negligible adverse effects on benthic organisms. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model results showed that coal combustion was the major source of PACs (accounting for 23.5 %), followed by traffic emissions (23.4 %), petroleum volatilization (21.9 %), wood/biomass combustion (18.2 %), and biological/microbial transformation (13.1 %). The toxicity of PACs was assessed by calculating the BaP toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQBaP) and toxic units. It was found that Par-PAHs were the predominant toxic substances. In addition, monomethyl-BaPs, OPAHs, BeP, and 7,12-DMBaA should be prioritized for monitoring due to their noticeable contributions to overall toxicity. The contributions of different sources to the toxicity of PACs were determined based on PMF model results and TEQBaP values, which revealed that combustion sources mainly contributed to the comprehensive toxicity of PACs in Lake Chaohu sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Wuhu Dongyuan New Country Developing Co., Ltd., Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pengpeng He
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Xiaoguo Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China.
| | - Fengyu Zan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Zijiao Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Jiale Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Miaoqing Xu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
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Zhang X, Yao Z, Yang W, Zhang W, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li W. Distribution, sources, partition behavior and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the waters and sediments of Lake Ulansuhai, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116072. [PMID: 38290363 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the waters and sediments of Lake Ulansuhai. It explores their occurrence, sources, transport behavior, and associated risks to human health and ecosystems. The results revealed that concentrations of ∑PAHs in dissolved phase and sediment with no significant seasonal differences. In contrast, ∑PAHs concentrations in suspended particulate matter were significantly higher during the ice-free period compared to the ice period. Spatially, the northern part of Lake Ulansuhai displayed higher PAHs content. Diagnostic isomeric ratios and PMF models indicated that the PAHs were primarily derived from combustion sources. The distribution of PAHs within water-sediment demonstrated that non-equilibrium status. Fugacity calculations indicated that 2-4 rings PAHs acted as secondary sources of sediment emissions. Toxicity assessment, indicated that PAHs posed no significant carcinogenic risk to humans. Risk quotient values showed that PAHs as low to high ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhang
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014000, China; Autonomous Region Level Ecological Protection and Comprehensive Utilization Cooperative Innovation Center for the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin, Baotou, 014000, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Autonomous Region Level Ecological Protection and Comprehensive Utilization Cooperative Innovation Center for the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin, Baotou, 014000, China; School of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014000, China
| | - Wenhuan Yang
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014000, China; Autonomous Region Level Ecological Protection and Comprehensive Utilization Cooperative Innovation Center for the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin, Baotou, 014000, China.
| | - Wenxing Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Ecological Environment Research Institute Co., Ltd, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Yizhe Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014000, China; Autonomous Region Level Ecological Protection and Comprehensive Utilization Cooperative Innovation Center for the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin, Baotou, 014000, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014000, China; Autonomous Region Level Ecological Protection and Comprehensive Utilization Cooperative Innovation Center for the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin, Baotou, 014000, China
| | - Weiping Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014000, China; Autonomous Region Level Ecological Protection and Comprehensive Utilization Cooperative Innovation Center for the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River Basin, Baotou, 014000, China.
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Ma J, Zhou M, Peng Y, Tuo Y, Zhou C, Liu K, Huang Y, He F, Lai Q, Zhang Z, Kinouchi T, Li S, Xu X, Wu X, Lin X, Li W, Wang G. Instability in a carbon pool driven by multiple dissolved organic matter sources in a eutrophic lake basin: Potential factors for increased greenhouse gas emissions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119697. [PMID: 38035504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Lakes serve as vital reservoirs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and play pivotal roles in biogeochemical carbon cycles. However, the sources and compositions of DOM in freshwater lakes and their potential effects on lake sediment carbon pools remain unclear. In this study, seven inflowing rivers in the Lake Taihu basin were selected to explore the potential effects of multi-source DOM inputs on the stability of the lake sediment carbon pool. The results showed the high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in the Lake Taihu basin, accompanied by a high complexity level. Lignins constituted the majority of DOM compounds, surpassing 40% of the total, while the organic carbon content was predominantly composed of humic acids (1.02-3.01 g kg-1). The high amounts of lignin oxidative cleavage led to CHO being the main molecular structure in the DOM of the seven rivers. The carbon constituents within the sediment carbon reservoir exhibited a positive correlation with dissolved CH4 and CO2, with a notable emphasis on humic acid and dissolved CH4 (R2 = 0.86). The elevated concentration of DOM, coupled with its intricate composition, contributed to the increases in dissolved greenhouse gases (GHGs). Experiments showed that the mixing of multi-source DOM can accelerate the organic carbon mineralization processes. The unit carbon emission efficiency was highest in the mixed group, reaching reached 160.9 μmol∙Cg-1, which also exhibited a significantly different carbon pool. The mixed decomposition of DOM from different sources influenced the roles of the lake carbon pool as source and sink, indicating that the multi-source DOM of this lake basin was a potential driving factor for increased carbon emissions. These findings have improved our understanding of the sources and compositions of DOM in lake basins and revealed their impacts on carbon emissions, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving assessments of lake carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Muchun Zhou
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ya Tuo
- Environmental Development Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chuanqiao Zhou
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yilin Huang
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Fei He
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Qiuying Lai
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tsuyoshi Kinouchi
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shuyin Li
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan; Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze River Basin Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Weixin Li
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Zhao ML, Ji X, He Z, Yang GP. Spatial distribution, partitioning, and ecological risk assessment of benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, and benzotriazole UV absorbers in the eastern shelf seas of China. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120885. [PMID: 38016257 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazoles (BTRs), benzothiazoles (BTHs), and benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BUVs) have attracted increasing attention due to their ubiquity in the environment, toxicity, and potential ecological risks. However, information on their distributions in the ocean is scarce. In this study, BTRs, BTHs, and BUVs were firstly determined in the surface seawater, sea-surface microlayer (SML), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediments of the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS). The spatial distributions of BTRs, BTHs, and BUVs in the YS and ECS showed offshore decreasing trend in their concentrations, indicating that terrestrial inputs from runoff and rivers had important influences on their distributions. The organic carbon normalized partition coefficients (log Koc) of target contaminants in surface seawater-SPM (3.06-4.16 L/g) and bottom seawater-sediment (2.55-4.82 L/kg) systems were determined. SPM showed greater sorption capacities for most target contaminants than the sediment. The burial capacities of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs from SPM to surface sediments were evaluated using their respective log Kow values and their sedimentary fluxes in the YS and ECS were quantified. BTRs, BTHs, and BUVs were enriched in the SML, with the enrichment extents of the suspended particulate phase being obviously lower than those of the dissolved phase. The ecological risks of BTRs, BTHs, and BUVs were evaluated using the risk quotient (RQ) method, which showed no toxic risk to aquatic organisms throughout the water phases, but high risk in nearshore sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xuan Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhen He
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Liu YS, Li HR, Lao ZL, Ma ST, Liao ZC, Song AM, Liu MY, Liu YS, Ying GG. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) in a heavily polluted river in South China: Occurrence, spatiotemporal trends, sources, and phase distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122492. [PMID: 37659627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, organophosphate esters (OPEs) undergo rapid increase in production and use. Meanwhile, owing to their additive property, OPEs exhibit liability to escape from related products and therefore ubiquity in various environments. Moreover, numerous researches verify their bioavailability and negative effects on biota and human, hence their occurrence and associated risks have caught much concern, particularly those in aquatic systems. So far, however, OPEs in water are generally investigated as a whole, their phase distribution and behavior in waterbodies are incompletely characterized. We examined 25 OPEs in water (including dissolved and particulate phases), sediment, and sediment core samples from the Lian River, which flows through the Guiyu e-waste recycling zone and Shantou specific economic zone in South China. Compared to most global waterbodies, the Lian River showed high or ultrahigh OPE levels in both water and sediments, particularly in the reaches surrounded by e-waste recycling and plastic-related industries, which were the top two greatest OPE sources. Non-industrial and agriculture-related anthropogenic activities also contributed OPEs. Sediment core data suggested that OPEs have been present in waters in Guiyu since the 1960s and showed a temporal trend consistent with the local waste-recycling business. The phase distribution of OPEs in the Lian River was significantly correlated with their hydrophobicity and solubility. Owing to their wide range of physicochemical properties, OPE congeners showed significant percentage differences in the Lian River water and sediments. Generally, OPEs in water reflect their dynamic real-time inputs, while those in sediment signify their accumulative deposition, which is another cause of their phase distribution disparities in the Lian River. The physicochemical parameters of OPEs first imposed negative and then positive influences on their dissolved phase-sediment distribution, indicating the involvement of both the adsorption of dissolved OPEs and the deposition of particle-bound OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Lang Lao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Tao Ma
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
| | - Zi-Cong Liao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Ai-Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Ming-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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