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Thi Nguyen H, Choi W, Jeong S, Bae H, Oh S, Cho K. Comprehensive assessment of chlorination disinfection on microplastic-associated biofilms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134751. [PMID: 38820748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Chlorination on microplastic (MP) biofilms was comprehensively investigated with respect to disinfection efficiency, morphology, and core microbiome. The experiments were performed under various conditions: i) MP particles; polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), ii) MP biofilms; Escherichia coli for single-species and river water microorganisms for multiple-species, iii) different chlorine concentrations, and iv) different chlorine exposure periods. As a result, chlorination effectively inactivated the MP biofilm microorganisms. The disinfection efficiency increased with increasing the free chlorination concentration and exposure periods for both single- and multiple-species MP biofilms. The multiple-species MP biofilms were inactivated 1.3-6.0 times less than single-species MP biofilms. In addition, the PP-MP biofilms were more vulnerable to chlorination than the PS-MP biofilms. Morphology analysis verified that chlorination detached most MP biofilms, while a small part still remained. Interestingly, chlorination strongly changed the biofilm microbiome on MPs; the relative abundance of some microbes increased after the chlorination, suggesting they could be regarded as chlorine-resistant bacteria. Some potential pathogens were also remained on the MP particles after the chlorination. Notably, chlorination was effective in inactivating the MP biofilms. Further research should be performed to evaluate the impacts of residual MP biofilms on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi Nguyen
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Woodan Choi
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongpil Jeong
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokwan Bae
- Department of Civil, Urban, Earth and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungdae Oh
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- Center for Water Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Wei Y, Wu H, Zhang X, Liang Y, Shi D, Wang L, Li H, Yu H, Yang D, Zhou S, Chen T, Yang Z, Li J, Jin M. Comparative analysis of chlorine-resistant bacteria after chlorination and chloramination in drinking water treatment plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134075. [PMID: 38508114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Chlorine-resistant bacteria (CRB) in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) jeopardize water quality and pose a potential risk to human health. However, the specific response of CRB to chlorination and chloramination remains uncharacterized. Therefore, we analyzed 16 S rRNA sequencing data from water samples before and after chlorination and chloramination taken between January and December 2020. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated all finished water samples. After chloramination, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, Ralstonia, and Sphingomonas were the dominant CRB, whereas Ralstonia, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus were prevalent after chlorination. Over 75% of the CRB e.g. Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Enterococcus were shared between the chlorination and chloramination, involving potentially pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Notably, certain genera such as Faecalibacterium, Geobacter, and Megasphaera were enriched as strong CRB after chloramination, whereas Vogesella, Flavobacterium, Thalassolituus, Pseudoalteromonas, and others were enriched after chlorination according to LEfSe analysis. The shared CRB correlated with temperature, pH, and turbidity, displaying a seasonal pattern with varying sensitivity to chlorination and chloramination in cold and warm seasons. These findings enhance our knowledge of the drinking water microbiome and microbial health risks, thus enabling better infectious disease control through enhanced disinfection strategies in DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wei
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Water Quality Monitoring Center of Tianjin Water Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300240, China
| | - Yongbing Liang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Danyang Shi
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Water Quality Monitoring Center of Tianjin Water Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300240, China
| | - Haibei Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Hongling Yu
- Water Quality Monitoring Center of Tianjin Water Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300240, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Shuqing Zhou
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Tianjiao Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhongwei Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Junwen Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Xin C, Khu ST, Wang T, Zuo X, Zhang Y. Effect of flow fluctuation on water pollution in drinking water distribution systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118142. [PMID: 38218524 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The detachment of biofilm caused by changes in hydraulic conditions is an essential reason for the pollution of water in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS). In this research, the effect of flow fluctuation on bulk water quality was studied. The turbidity, iron concentration, manganese concentration, the total number of bacteria, biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), bacterial community structure, and pathogenic genes in bacteria of bulk water were analyzed. The results indicate that the detachment of biofilm caused by fluctuant flow and reverse flow (especially instant reverse flow) can lead to the pollution of water. Throughout the entire experimental period, the turbidity under fluctuant flow velocity is 4.92%∼49.44% higher than that under other flow velocities. BDOC concentration is 5.68%∼53.99% higher than that under low and high flow velocities. The flow fluctuation increases bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) and reduces the biological stability of the bulk water. Low flow velocity is more conducive to the expression of pathogenic functional genes. In the short term, the water quality under low flow velocity is the best. Nevertheless, in a long-term operation (about seven days later), the water quality under high flow velocity is better than that under other flow velocities. This research brings new knowledge about the fluctuant hydraulic conditions on the bulk water quality within the DWDS and provides data support for stable drinking water distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Xin
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Soon-Thiam Khu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Engineering Research Center of City Intelligence and Digital Governance, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tianzhi Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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