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Kalvaitienė G, Picazo Espinosa R, Vaičiūtė D, Kataržytė M. Diverse sources of fecal contamination in macroalgae wrack-affected environment adjacent to river outflow along the Baltic Sea coast. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124429. [PMID: 38925212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the dynamics of feces-associated microorganisms in areas with wrack accumulation in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea. Our study covered single-day (2021 recreational) and multi-day (2022) observations during recreational season. We collected water, sand, and wrack samples and assessed the abundance of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), as well metagenomic analysis was conducted to monitor changes in microbial composition. Based on metagenomic data we identified taxa associated with feces, sewage, and ruminant sources. Human-related fecal pollution based on genetic markers correlated with the presence of Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae and Rickenellacea abundance. Higher abundance and diversity of feces-associated and ruminant-associated taxa and the presence of enteric pathogens were observed when wrack accumulated near the river outflow in 2021, suggesting a potential link with fecal pollution from the river. As a preventive measure, it is recommended to remove the wrack to reduce the risk of exposure to potential enteric pathogens if it is accumulated next to the river outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Kalvaitienė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Rafael Picazo Espinosa
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Diana Vaičiūtė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Marija Kataržytė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
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Kalvaitienė G, Bučas M, Vaičiūtė D, Balčiūnas A, Gyraitė G, Kataržytė M. Impact of beach wrack on microorganisms associated with faecal pollution at the Baltic Sea Sandy beaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170442. [PMID: 38278231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We investigated whether higher quantities of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are in the areas with red algae-dominated wrack compared to areas without it and if the birds are the primary source of faecal pollution on sandy beaches of the Baltic Sea. Water, sand and wrack samples were collected during the recreational season, and abundances of FIB, HF183 (human faecal pollution) and GFD (bird faecal pollution) markers, as well as the presence of Salmonella and Campylobacter, were assessed. Significantly higher levels of Enterococcus spp. were found in the wrack accumulation areas in water and sand than in the areas without wrack when there was a faecal pollution event, which could be explained by entrapment and changed physico-chemical water conditions. Both faecal pollution markers were identified, however, with no apparent pattern. Campylobacter bacteria were identified in the wrack-affected water, sand, and beach wrack. While this research provides valuable insights into beach wrack serving as a reservoir for FIB, further investigations, including multi-day samplings, are necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the long-term dynamics of microbiota within red algae-dominated wrack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Kalvaitienė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Martynas Bučas
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Diana Vaičiūtė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Arūnas Balčiūnas
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Greta Gyraitė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
| | - Marija Kataržytė
- Klaipėda University, Marine Research Institute, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipėda, Lithuania.
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Penna A, Marini M, Ferrarin C, Guicciardi S, Grilli F, Baldrighi E, Ricci F, Casabianca S, Capellacci S, Marinchel N, Penna P, Moro F, Campanelli A, Bolognini L, Ordulj M, Krzelj M, Špada V, Bilić J, Sikoronja M, Bujas N, Manini E. Fecal bacteria contamination in the Adriatic Sea: Investigating environmental factors and modeling to manage recreational coastal waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122700. [PMID: 37804906 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is based on assessing fecal indicator bacteria contamination along meteorological, hydrological and physical-chemical variables after high rainy events during the summer period. The study focused on four different coastal sites in the western and eastern Adriatic coast characterized by various geomorphological and hydrological features, levels of urbanization and anthropogenic pressures, with the aim of finding appropriate and effective solutions to ensure the safety and sustainability of tourism and public health. Detailed in-situ survey revealed a wide range of fecal indicator bacterial (FIB) across the different river mouths with concentrations of E. coli ranging from 165 to 6700 CFU 100 mL-1. It was found that nitrogen compounds track microbial load and acted as tracers for fecal contaminants. Further, a modelling tool was also used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of fecal pollution at these coastal sites. The integrated monitoring through high frequent survey in river waters and modeling framework allowed for the estimation of fecal indicator bacterial load at the river mouth and examination of fecal pollutant dispersion in recreational waters, considering different scenarios of fecal dispersion along the coast. This study formed the basis of a robust decision support system aimed at improving the management of recreational areas and ensuring the protection of water bodies through efficient management of bathing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Penna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029, Urbino, Italy; Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032, Fano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Marini
- Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032, Fano, Italy; Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies - CNR IRBIM, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Christian Ferrarin
- Institute of Marine Sciences - ISMAR, National Research Council - CNR, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Stefano Guicciardi
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies - CNR IRBIM, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Grilli
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies - CNR IRBIM, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Baldrighi
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada-Reno, 89557, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Fabio Ricci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029, Urbino, Italy; Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Silvia Casabianca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029, Urbino, Italy; Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Samuela Capellacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029, Urbino, Italy; Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Nadia Marinchel
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Penna
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies - CNR IRBIM, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Moro
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies - CNR IRBIM, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies - CNR IRBIM, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigi Bolognini
- Department Territory and Environment, Marche Region, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marin Ordulj
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Krzelj
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Špada
- Istrian University of Applied Sciences, 52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Josipa Bilić
- Istrian University of Applied Sciences, 52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Marija Sikoronja
- Water Management Institute, Croatian Waters, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Bujas
- Water Management Institute, Croatian Waters, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elena Manini
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies - CNR IRBIM, 60125, Ancona, Italy
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