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Cheng PK, Ponnusamy VK, Prakasham K, Huang HI, Chang WT, Huang PC. Exposure and risk assessment of urinary trans, trans-Muconic acid in school-age children in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex in Central Taiwan. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1234823. [PMID: 37732090 PMCID: PMC10507417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1234823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
School-age children living near large petrochemical factories may be at high risk of exposure to benzene released during manufacturing processes. We aimed to investigate the urinary concentrations of trans, trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) in school-age children living near a petrochemical complex and to estimate their cumulative risk of benzene exposure. We examined an established cohort (Taiwan Petrochemical Complex Cohort for Children, TPE3C) of school-age children (aged 6-13 years) who lived near large petrochemical factories in central Taiwan between October 2013 and September 2014. The cohort comprised 297 children from five elementary schools, namely S.-C. Branch (n = 63, school A, ~0.9 km), F.-A. (n = 51, school B, ~2.7 km), C.-T. (n = 63, school C, ~5.5 km), M.-L. (n = 54, school D, ~6.9 km), and L.-F. (n = 66, school E, ~8.6 km). We analyzed the urinary t,t-MA levels of each participant and estimated their daily intake of benzene. We also performed multiple regression analysis to investigate potential risk factors for a high urinary t,t-MA level in the study cohort. The median urinary t,t-MA levels and median estimated benzene daily intake of the children from each school were as follows: school A, 64.07 ng/mL, 11.13 μg/kg/day; school B, 61.01 ng/mL, 15.32 μg/kg/day; school C, 59.38 ng/mL, 14.81 μg/kg/day; school D, 42.35 ng/mL, 11.67 μg/kg/day; school E, undetected, 0.14 μg/kg/day. The distance between a school and a petrochemical complex (greater distance: β = -0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.52 to 0.00, p = 0.053), and the age of the children (older age: β = -3.44, 95% CI = -5.90 to -1.46, p < 0.001) were identified as potential risk factors. After confounders were adjusted for, the creatinine adjusted urinary t,t-MA levels of the school-age children tended to be lower when the distance between their school and a petrochemical complex was greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Keng Cheng
- Department of Finance and Cooperative Management, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, and Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Karthikeyan Prakasham
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, and Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, and Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Gurrani S, Prakasham K, Huang PC, Wu MT, Wu CF, Lin YC, Tsai B, Krishnan A, Tsai PC, Ponnusamy VK. Simultaneous biomonitoring of volatile organic compounds' metabolites in human urine samples using a novel in-syringe based fast urinary metabolites extraction (FaUMEx) technique coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138667. [PMID: 37059207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the impact of human exposure to environmental toxicants is often crucial to biomonitoring the exposed dose. In this work, we report a novel fast urinary metabolites extraction (FaUMEx) technique coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis for the highly sensitive and simultaneous biomonitoring of the five major urinary metabolites (thiodiglycolic acid, s-phenylmercapturic acid, t,t-muconic acid, mandelic acid, and phenyl glyoxylic acid) of common volatile organic compounds' (VOCs) exposure (vinyl chloride, benzene, styrene, and ethylbenzene) in human. FaUMEx technique comprises of two-steps, liquid-liquid microextraction was performed first in an extraction syringe using 1 mL of methanol (pH 3) as an extraction solvent and then, the extractant was passed through a clean-up syringe (pre-packed-with various sorbents including 500 mg anhydrous MgSO4, 50 mg C18, and 50 mg SiO2) to obtain the high order of matrice clean-up and preconcentration efficiency. The developed method displayed excellent linearity, and the correlation coefficients were >0.998 for all the target metabolites with detection and quantification limits of 0.02-0.24 ng mL-1 and 0.05-0.72 ng mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, the matrix effects were < ±5%, and inter and intra-day precision were <9%. Moreover, the presented method was applied and validated to real sample analysis for biomonitoring of VOC's exposure levels. The results showed that the developed FaUMEx-UHPLC-MS/MS method is fast, simple, low-cost, low-solvent consumption, high sensitivity with good accuracy and precision for five targeted urinary VOCs' metabolites. Therefore, the presented dual-syringe mode FaUMEx strategy with UHPLC-MS/MS technique can be applied to biomonitoring of various urinary metabolites to assess human exposure to environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Gurrani
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Karthikeyan Prakasham
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; International Master Program of Translational Medicine, College of Engineering and Science, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Lin
- Research and Development Division, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No.392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City, 813, Taiwan
| | - Bongee Tsai
- Research and Development Division, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No.392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District., Kaohsiung City, 813, Taiwan
| | - Anbarasu Krishnan
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, India; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
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Wang CW, Cheng PK, Ponnusamy VK, Chiang HC, Chang WT, Huang PC. Exposure Characteristics and Cumulative Risk Assessment for Phthalates in Children Living near a Petrochemical Complex. TOXICS 2023; 11:57. [PMID: 36668784 PMCID: PMC9865072 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-aged children living near plastics-producing factories may have higher risk of exposure to phthalates released during the manufacturing processes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites in school-aged children living near a petrochemical complex and estimate the cumulative risk of phthalate exposure. METHODS We used a well-established cohort (Taiwan Petrochemical Complex Cohort for Children, TPE3C) of school-aged children (6-13 years old) living near polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) factories in central Taiwan from October 2013 to September 2014. A total of 257 children were included from five elementary schools: Syu-Cuo Branch (n = 58, school A, ~0.9 km), Feng-An (n = 40, school B, ~2.7 km), Ciao-Tou (n = 58, school C, ~5.5 km), Mai-Liao (n = 37, school D, ~6.9 km), and Lung-Feng (n = 57, school E, ~8.6 km). We analyzed 11 metabolites of seven phthalates (including di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP)) in urine. Daily intakes (DIs) were compared with acceptable intake levels to calculate the hazard quotient (HQ) for individual phthalates, and the cumulative risk for each child was assessed using a hazard index (HI), which was the sum of the the individual HQs. RESULTS The geometric mean and proportion of participants with HIs exceeding one for hepatic (HIhep) and reproductive (HIrep) effects were 0.33 (13.2%) and 0.24 (7.8%), respectively. The major contributors to phthalate exposure risk were DEHP, di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP) and DnBP in all children. Moreover, we observed a U shaped distribution of DEHP exposure by school distance from the PVC and VCM factories (school A: 7.48 μg/kg/day and school E: 80.44 μg/kg/day). This may be due to emissions (closest) and and being located downwind of PVC scrap incineration (farthest). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that children living near a petrochemical complex were at a greater risk of phthalate exposure than normal school-aged children and that phthalate exposure was mainly attributed to DEHP, DiBP and DnBP. In addition, inhalation may have been a risk factor for people living near to PVC and VCM factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 701, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 701, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Keng Cheng
- Department of Finance and Cooperative Management, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
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A Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor Based on Dye/Tb (III) Functionalized UiO-66 for Highly Sensitive Detection of TDGA. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196543. [PMID: 36235080 PMCID: PMC9570906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) is a biomarker for monitoring vinyl chloride exposure. Exploring a facile, rapid and precise analysis technology to quantify TDGA is of great significance. In this research, we demonstrate a fluorescent sensor based on dual-emissive UiO-66 for TDGA detection. This ratiometric fluorescent material named C460@Tb-UiO-66-(COOH)2 was designed and synthesized by introducing organic dye 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin (C460) and Tb3+ into UiO-66-(COOH)2. The as-obtained C460@Tb-UiO-66-(COOH)2 samples showed highly selective recognition, excellent anti-interference and rapid response characteristics for the recognition of TDGA. The detection limit is 0.518 mg·mL-1, which is much lower than the threshold of 20 mg·mL-1 for a healthy person. In addition, the mechanism of TDGA-induced fluorescence quenching is discussed in detail. This sensor is expected to detect TDGA content in human urine.
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Oushani NH, Valipour M, Maghami P. Protective role of selenium on structural change of human hemoglobin in the presence of vinyl chloride. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:557-566. [PMID: 36277367 PMCID: PMC9532497 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas with a pleasant odor capable of entering the body through oral or inhalation routes. Extensive studies on this compound indicated that it is a carcinogen, and Vinyl chloride exposure can result in a specific type of cancer in vinyl chloride workers. Whereas hemoglobin plays a vital role in oxygen transfer throughout the body, in a molecular aspect, the effect of vinyl chloride on human hemoglobin has not been studied. Furthermore, selenium as an antioxidant is a vital factor for the health of humans and animals. Then this research investigated the effect of the antioxidant capability of selenium at the same concentrations in blood on the interaction between vinyl chloride and hemoglobin. UV-visible, Fourier-transform infrared, chemiluminescence, and fluorescence spectroscopies were employed. The results indicated the destruction of hemoglobin structure in different concentrations of vinyl chloride. At the same time, the antioxidant effect of selenium inhibited the destructive impact of vinyl chloride on hemoglobin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoumeh Valipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Maghami
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Scarselli A, Corfiati M, Di Marzio D, Massari S, Marinaccio A, Iavicoli S. The impact of vinyl chloride exposure on the health of Italian workers: an evaluation from SIREP compliance data. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:372-381. [PMID: 33739244 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to investigate exposures to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) at workplace in Italy and the related burden of diseases. Measurements data was collected from a nation-wide occupational exposure registry (SIREP, 1996-2016). Potentially exposed workers were estimated for some industrial sectors. Concurrent exposures were investigated using cluster analysis. Proportionate mortality ratios were calculated linking data to national mortality statistics (2005-2015). Overall 8,460 measurements were analyzed. Most exposures occurred in the manufacture of chemicals and plastic products. A total of 12,148 workers potentially exposed was estimated (64% male). Concurrent exposures were detected frequently (83%). An elevated proportion of deaths for liver cancer was found in male exposed workers. Although VCM is a known carcinogen for humans, there are still many exposure situations, albeit at low doses, in the chemical and plastic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Scarselli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Corfiati
- Department of Prevention, Occupational Health and Safety Unit (SPeSAL), Local Health Authority of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Di Marzio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Massari
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
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Zhao Y, Zeng H, Zhu XW, Lu W, Li D. Metal–organic frameworks as photoluminescent biosensing platforms: mechanisms and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4484-4513. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress of MOF-based photoluminescent platforms: a comprehensive overview of their applications in biosensing and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Heng Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Weigang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
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Yuan TH, Chen JL, Shie RH, Yeh YP, Chen YH, Chan CC. Liver fibrosis associated with potential vinyl chloride and ethylene dichloride exposure from the petrochemical industry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:139920. [PMID: 32534314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of the relationship between exposure to carcinogenic vinyl chloride (VCM) and ethylene dichloride (EDC) and liver fibrosis is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations between the urinary metabolite levels of VCM and EDC and the risk of liver fibrosis in residents living near a petrochemical complex. METHODS Our study comprised 447 adult residents of two townships with questionnaire survey and health examination near the largest petrochemical complex in central Taiwan. The urinary levels of thiodiglycolic acid (TdGA), the metabolite of VCM and EDC, were detected in study subjects. We utilized fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) as the noninvasive liver fibrosis index. Adjusted linear model was applied to evaluate the associations between the distance from the complex and the urinary TdGA levels. Adjusted logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the associations between the urinary TdGA levels and the risk of liver fibrosis. RESULTS The study subjects living in the closer township had significant higher urinary TdGA levels than those living in the more distant township (269.6 ± 200.7 vs. 199.2 ± 164.7 μg/g creatinine) (p < 0.001). It showed that urinary TdGA levels were decreased 0.53-fold when the distances from the complex were increased 1-fold after adjusting for confounding factors. It demonstrated that the study subjects with the highest TdGA levels (>343.3 μg/g creatinine) had a higher risk of FIB-4>1.29 (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.78), and those with higher TdGA levels (232.7 to 343.3 μg/g creatinine) had a marginally higher risk of FIB-4>1.29 (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.90). CONCLUSION The residents living closer to the VCM/PVC plant in the petrochemical complex had higher urinary TdGA levels, which were associated with an increased risk of fibrosis. This confirmed that the EDC and VCM potentially emitted from the petrochemical industry may have an impact on the liver health of nearby residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment (Population Health Research Center, PHRC), College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Lin Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Yeh
- Changhua Health Bureau, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment (Population Health Research Center, PHRC), College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Marquès M, Domingo JL, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M. Health risks for the population living near petrochemical industrial complexes. 2. Adverse health outcomes other than cancer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:139122. [PMID: 32388111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Lee CC, Shen Y, Hsu CW, Fong JP, Uang SN, Chang JW. Reduced adiponectin:leptin ratio associated with inhalation exposure to vinyl chloride monomer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135488. [PMID: 31757555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hepatic toxicity of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) has often been reported, but few studies have assessed insulin resistance or adipose tissue dysfunction. We analyzed the chronic health effects of moderate exposure to VCM on factory workers in Taiwan. Data were collected from personal air samples, urine samples, and immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations of 122 recruited voluntary participants. Air samples were analyzed to assess personal levels of exposure to VCM and ethylene dichloride (EDC). Urine samples were collected from each worker before they started and after they finished their daily shift. Urinary thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) levels were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). IHC examinations included liver function and serum adipokine level tests for insulin resistance. Consequently, the participants included for the final analysis were 113. After confounders had been adjusted for, the airborne VCM concentration significantly (P = 0.043) correlated with pre-shift urinary TDGA levels (β = 0.194). A multivariate analysis showed a significant (P = 0.013) inverse correlation between the adiponectin:leptin ratio and the airborne VCM concentration (β = -0.283), which means that exposure to VCM might increase the risk of insulin resistance and adiponectin abnormalities. We hypothesized that pre-shift urinary TDGA levels can be used as exposure biomarkers for the exposure of workers to VCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chang Lee
- Research Center for Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Pei Fong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Nian Uang
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Wei Chang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang CW, Chuang HY, Liao KW, Yu ML, Dai CY, Chang WT, Tsai CH, Chiang HC, Huang PC. Urinary thiodiglycolic acid is associated with increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children living near a petrochemical complex. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104978. [PMID: 31325714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational and experimental studies have revealed that high vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) exposure is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Epidemiological study reported that children living near a petrochemical complex have elevated exposure levels of urinary thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA), a potential VCM biomarker. However, no studies on the association of urinary TDGA exposure with NAFLD in children are available. AIM To assess the association of pediatric NAFLD with urinary TDGA exposure in school-aged children living near a petrochemical complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 261 school-aged children (aged 6-13 years) living near a petrochemical complex were recruited during October 2013 to September 2014. First morning spot urine was sampled for analyzing urinary TDGA through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ultrasonography and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were examined in each participant. NAFLD was diagnosed as recommended by the North American and European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN and ESPGHAN). Risk for NAFLD with urinary TDGA exposure in children was evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS The percentage of children with NAFLDNASPGHAN and NAFLDESPGHAN were 9.6% and 11.5%, respectively. Median levels (μg/g creatinine) of urinary TDGA of children with NAFLDNASPGHAN (vs non-NAFLDNASPGHAN) and NAFLDESPGHAN (vs non-NAFLDESPGHAN) were 118.0 (vs 96.6) and 113.1 (vs 96.5), respectively. Participants in the highest urinary TDGA quartile (Q4: ≥160.0 μg/g creatinine) had a significantly increased risk (odds ratio [OR] = 4.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-21.38; P = 0.032) and dose-response trend (Ptrend = 0.045) for NAFLDNASPGHAN compared with those in the lowest urinary TDGA quartile (Q1: <35.4 μg/g creatinine) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and distance of elementary schools from the petrochemical complex. Participants in the Q4 had borderline significantly increased risk (OR = 3.45; 95% CI = 0.89-13.42; P = 0.074) correlated with NAFLDESPGHAN compared with those in the Q1 after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that children exposed to higher urinary TDGA levels significantly increased pediatric NAFLD risk. Serum ALT levels can be a useful predictor for screening children's NAFLD in field studies. Large and longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Liao
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsan Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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12
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Hsu YH, Chuang HC, Lee YH, Lin YF, Chiu YJ, Wang YL, Wu MS, Chiu HW. Induction of Fibrosis and Autophagy in Kidney Cells by Vinyl Chloride. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060601. [PMID: 31212930 PMCID: PMC6627785 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinyl chloride (VC) is a noninfective occupational risk factor. It is found in industrial chemicals, volatile organic compounds, cigarette smoke ingredients, etc. It is a kind of toxic gas that causes many diseases. VC exposure causes an increased risk of liver fibrosis and can result in angiosarcoma of the liver. Previous studies have shown that high-doses of VC exposure in mice resulted in acute death with marked tubular necrosis of the renal cortex. In this study, we assessed the nephrotoxicity of VC in vitro and in vivo. As a result, we demonstrated that VC induced fibrosis-associated protein expression, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and collagen 1, and autophagy-associated protein expression, such as Beclin 1 and LC3-II, in kidney cells. The beclin1 siRNA experiments found that autophagy inhibited VC-induced fibrosis. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were increased after VC treatment. Furthermore, VC caused glomerulosclerosis and tubular injury in mouse kidney tissues. Kidney tissue sections showed that VC induced fibrosis and autophagy in mouse kidney tissues. In summary, the results of VC-induced fibrosis suggest that autophagy plays an important role in kidney damage. VC may cause nephrotoxicity, and the results illustrate the importance of considering the toxicological hazards of VC in kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene &Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70430, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jhe Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Li Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Mai-Szu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Wang CW, Liao KW, Chan CC, Yu ML, Chuang HY, Chiang HC, Huang PC. Association between urinary thiodiglycolic acid level and hepatic function or fibrosis index in school-aged children living near a petrochemical complex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:648-656. [PMID: 30384070 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of exposure to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) on susceptibility to hepatotoxicity in children is unknown, although experimental studies have demonstrated a significantly increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in rodents exposed to VCM in early life. Epidemiological studies have revealed a high prevalence of liver fibrosis and abnormal liver function in workers exposed to high VCM levels. We aimed to assess the association among urinary thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) level, abnormal liver function, and hepatic fibrosis in school-aged children living near a petrochemical complex. A total of 303 school-aged (6-13 years) children within 10 km nearly a petrochemical complex was recruited in central Taiwan. First-morning urine and blood samples were collected from each subject, and urinary TDGA level was analyzed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Liver function was determined by serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed using the AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4). Risk of hepatotoxicity induced by TDGA exposure was estimated using multivariate logistic regression. The median (range, subclinically abnormal %) AST and ALT levels of all subjects were 26.0 (17.0-99.0, 25.7%) and 15.0 (7.0-211.0, 5.9%) IU/L, respectively. Children in the highest urinary TDGA quartile (≥160.0 μg/g creatinine) exhibited significantly elevated median AST levels compared with those in the lowest quartiles (<35.4 μg/g creatinine, p = 0.033). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, children in the highest quartiles (Q4) of TDGA level had significantly increased odds ratio (OR) of subclinically abnormal AST (OR = 3.86; 95% confidence interval: 1.54-9.67) compared with those in the lowest quartile. A dose-response trend (p = 0.004) was observed. Our findings support the hypothesis that elevated urinary TDGA level in children living near petrochemical complex is associated with susceptibility to hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Liao
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine, and Center for Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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14
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Feasibility of using urinary TDGA as a biomarker for VCM exposures. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 97:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Yuan TH, Shen YC, Shie RH, Hung SH, Chen CF, Chan CC. Increased cancers among residents living in the neighborhood of a petrochemical complex: A 12-year retrospective cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 221:308-314. [PMID: 29287935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates whether cancers are increased for residents living in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex with coal power plants and refineries. We recruited a residential cohort of 2388 long-term residents aged above 35 years in 2009-2012 who lived within a 40 km radius of the complex. We measured their internal exposure biomarkers of urinary carcinogenic metals and retrospectively compared cancer incidences between those who lived fewer than 10 km from the complex (high exposure, HE) and those who lived more than 10 km from the complex (low exposure, LE). Residents had lived in their respective areas for 12 years, since the complex began operating in mid-1999. This included two periods of operation: 0-9 years and 10-12 years. Crude cumulative incident rates (CIRs) of all cancers were calculated for new cancer cases (ICD-9: 140-165, 170-176, 179-208) recorded in the Taiwan Health Insurance Database over total person-years at risk in each study period. Poisson regression was applied to estimate relative risks for the CIRs of all cancers between HE and LE areas during the 10-12 years since the beginning of the complex's operation, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, hepatitis C, and occupational exposure. We found that our study subjects in HE areas had higher urinary carcinogenic metal levels, including As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and V, and higher prevalence rates of hepatitis C than those in LE areas. After the complex had been operating for 10-12 years, SIRs per 1000 person-years for all cancers in HE and LE areas were 4.44 vs. 2.48 for all subjects, 15.2 vs. 4.86 for elder subjects aged above 60 years, and 2.94 vs. 2.71 for female subjects. Correspondingly, the adjusted relative risks of CIRs for all cancers between HE and LE areas were 1.29 (95% CI: 0.99-1.68) for all subjects, 1.52 (1.04-2.22) for elder subjects, 1.41 (1.00-1.97) for female subjects, and 1.91 (1.15-3.19) for female elderly subjects. We conclude that elder and female residents living within 10 km of a petrochemical complex had higher carcinogenic exposure and cancers than those living farther away from the complex after the complex had been operating for 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Shen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Hung Hung
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fang Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hao JN, Xu XY, Lian X, Zhang C, Yan B. A Luminescent 3d-4f-4d MOF Nanoprobe as a Diagnosis Platform for Human Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride Carcinogen. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11176-11183. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Na Hao
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory of Functional
Molecules and Ordered Matters, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory of Functional
Molecules and Ordered Matters, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao Lian
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory of Functional
Molecules and Ordered Matters, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory of Functional
Molecules and Ordered Matters, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Yan
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory of Functional
Molecules and Ordered Matters, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
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17
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Huang HB, Pan WH, Chang JW, Chiang HC, Guo YL, Jaakkola JJK, Huang PC. Does exposure to phthalates influence thyroid function and growth hormone homeostasis? The Taiwan Environmental Survey for Toxicants (TEST) 2013. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 153:63-72. [PMID: 27907809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous epidemiologic and toxicological studies provide some inconsistent evidence that exposure to phthalates may affect thyroid function and growth hormone homeostasis. OBJECTIVE To assess the relations between exposure to phthalates and indicators of thyroid function and growth hormone homeostasis disturbances both among adults and minors. METHODS We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 279 Taiwanese adults (≥18 years old) and 79 minors (<18 years old) in 2013. Exposure assessment was based on urinary biomarkers, 11 phthalate metabolites measured by using online liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Indicators of thyroid function included serum levels of thyroxine (T4), free T4, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). Growth hormone homeostasis was measured as the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3). We applied multivariate linear regression models to examine these associations after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Among adults, serum T4 levels were negatively associated with urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (β=-0.028, P=0.043) and the sum of urinary di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite (β=-0.045, P=0.017) levels. Free T4 levels were negatively associated with urinary mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (β=-0.013, P=0.042) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (β=-0.030, P=0.003) levels, but positively associated with urinary monoethyl phthalate (β=0.014, P=0.037) after adjustment for age, BMI, gender, urinary creatinine levels, and TBG levels. Postive associations between urinary MEHP levels and IGF-1 levels (β=0.033, P=0.006) were observed. Among minors, free T4 was positively associated with urinary mono benzyl phthalate levels (β=0.044, P=0.001), and IGF-1 levels were negatively associated with the sum of urinary DEHP metabolite levels (β=-0.166, P=0.041) after adjustment for significant covariance and IGFBP3. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to phthalates influences thyroid function and growth hormone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Bin Huang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Service Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Wei Chang
- Research Center for Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institution of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Taiwan
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Huang PC, Tsai CH, Liang WY, Li SS, Huang HB, Kuo PL. Early Phthalates Exposure in Pregnant Women Is Associated with Alteration of Thyroid Hormones. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159398. [PMID: 27455052 PMCID: PMC4959782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies revealed that phthalate exposure could alter thyroid hormones during the last trimester of pregnancy. However, thyroid hormones are crucial for fetal development during the first trimester. We aimed to clarify the effect of phthalate exposure on thyroid hormones during early pregnancy. Method We recruited 97 pregnant women who were offered an amniocentesis during the early trimester from an obstetrics clinic in southern Taiwan from 2013 to 2014. After signing an informed consent form, we collected amniotic fluid and urine samples from pregnant women to analyze 11 metabolites, including mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-butyl phthalate (MnBP), of 9 phthalates using liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry. We collected blood samples from each subject to analyze serum thyroid hormones including thyroxine (T4), free T4, and thyroid-binding globulin (TBG). Results Three phthalate metabolites were discovered to be >80% in the urine samples of the pregnant women: MEP (88%), MnBP (81%) and MECPP (86%). Median MnBP and MECPP levels in pregnant Taiwanese women were 21.5 and 17.6 μg/g-creatinine, respectively, that decreased after the 2011 Taiwan DEHP scandal. Results of principal component analysis suggested two major sources (DEHP and other phthalates) of phthalates exposure in pregnant women. After adjusting for age, gestational age, TBG, urinary creatinine, and other phthalate metabolites, we found a significantly negative association between urinary MnBP levels and serum T4 (β = –5.41; p-value = 0.012; n = 97) in pregnant women using Bonferroni correction. Conclusion We observed a potential change in the thyroid hormones of pregnant women during early pregnancy after DnBP exposure. Additional study is necessitated to clarify these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chin Huang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Chih-Hsin Tsai
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yen Liang
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Syuan Li
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Han-Bin Huang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
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