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Zhao C, Xu Q, Gu Y, Nie X, Shan R. Review of Advances in the Utilization of Biochar-Derived Catalysts for Biodiesel Production. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8190-8200. [PMID: 36910936 PMCID: PMC9996642 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, obtained from the thermal decomposition of different biomass sources, can be used in various scientific technologies by virtue of its distinguishing performance. Recent developments in advanced biochar synthesis methods have led to continuous growth in the literature related to bulk biochar products and synthesized biochar substrates. This review specifically summarizes the current advanced methods for the synthesis of functional biochar catalysts and applications in (trans)esterification. Herein, first the method and design of synthesized biochar substrate catalysts are briefly introduced. Second, the applications of these synthesized biochar substrate catalysts upon (trans)esterification are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the current research status and the future perspectives of the synthesized biochar substrate catalyst are presented. It is expected that this summary will provide perspectives and instructions for future work on synthesized biochar catalysts for biodiesel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Zhao
- School
of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qinyao Xu
- School
of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Ying Gu
- School
of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xingjin Nie
- School
of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang
Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Rui Shan
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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2
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Gaur VK, Gautam K, Sharma P, Gupta S, Pandey A, You S, Varjani S. Carbon-based catalyst for environmental bioremediation and sustainability: Updates and perspectives on techno-economics and life cycle assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112793. [PMID: 35090873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global rise in the generation of waste has caused an enormous environmental concern and waste management problem. The untreated carbon rich waste serves as a breeding ground for pathogens and thus strategies for production of carbon rich biochar from waste by employing different thermochemical routes namely hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal liquefaction and pyrolysis has been of interest by researchers globally. Biochar has been globally produced due to its diverse applications from environmental bioremediation to energy storage. Also, several factors affect the production of biochar including feedstock/biomass type, moisture content, heating rate, and temperature. Recently the application of biochar has increased tremendously owing to the cost effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. Thus this communication summarized and highlights the preferred feedstock for optimized biochar yield along with the factor influencing the production. This review provides a close view on biochar activation approaches and synthesis techniques. The application of biochar in environmental remediation, composting, as a catalyst, and in energy storage has been reviewed. These informative findings were supported with an overview of lifecycle and techno-economical assessments in the production of these carbon based catalysts. Integrated closed loop approaches towards biochar generation with lesser/zero landfill waste for safeguarding the environment has also been discussed. Lastly the research gaps were identified and the future perspectives have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India; India Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siming You
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India.
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Ben Salem I, El Gamal M, Sharma M, Hameedi S, Howari FM. Utilization of the UAE date palm leaf biochar in carbon dioxide capture and sequestration processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113644. [PMID: 34474257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the potential use of date palm leaf biochar as a climate change solution through CO2 capture and sequestration. The pyrolysis of date palm leaf was performed at different temperatures 300°, 400°, 500°, and 600 °C. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized biochar were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Direct gas-solid interaction was carried out in an integrated Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR), connected with a gas analyzer for maximum and effective mixing between the biochar and CO2. LabView program was used as data acquisition for an instantaneous calculation of CO2 adsorption. This study showed that the date palm biochar as porous carbon-based materials has high CO2 adsorption capacity through physisorption and chemisorption progressions. The adsorption results showed a maximum CO2 capture percentage of 0.09 kg CO2/kg, 0.15 kg CO2/kg, 0.20 kg CO2/kg, and 0.25 kg CO2/kg palm biochar synthesized at 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C, respectively. This paper paid attention to the inexpensive technology applied in CO2 sequestration, where fluidization provides well mixing of biochar particles with low operation cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ben Salem
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maisa El Gamal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manish Sharma
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Suhaib Hameedi
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fares M Howari
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, PO 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Jung S, Kim M, Jung JM, Kwon EE. Valorization of swine manure biochar as a catalyst for transesterifying waste cooking oil into biodiesel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115377. [PMID: 32798907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As demand of proteins from meats has significantly increased with economy growth, the population of livestock proliferates. Thus, heavy amount of livestock byproducts released from livestock industries will become more problematic if they are handled in an unsatisfactory manner. In this study, swine manure (SM) waste was directly valorized to be used as a reaction catalyst for biodiesel production. Pyrolysis was adapted to produce swine manure biochars at 500 (SMB@500) and 650 °C (SMB@650), and the materials were used for conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesels (i.e., fatty acid methyl esters: FAMEs). The properties of SMBs and resulting pyrolytic gases (i.e., H2, CO, and C1-2 hydrocarbons (HCs)) and liquids during pyrolysis were also characterized. SMBs used in this study included a large quantity of metallic contents that significantly contributed to the rapid reaction for biodiesel production. In detail, SMB@500 and SMB@650 showed higher than 96% of FAME yield at 305 and 210 °C of reaction temperature, while non-catalytic reaction using SiO2 showed similar FAME yield at 330 °C. Thus, this work offers a sustainable way to recycle organic and inorganic materials in livestock manures for energy (biodiesel, pyrolytic oil, H2, and C1-2 HCs) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyup Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Lee Y, Kim YT, Kwon EE, Lee J. Biochar as a catalytic material for the production of 1,4-butanediol and tetrahydrofuran from furan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109325. [PMID: 32145547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomass valorization is emerging as a new trend for the synthesis of materials for various environmental applications. In this connection, a biochar resulting from pyrolysis of rice straw was employed as a catalytic material for the conversion of hemicellulose-derived furan into value-added platform chemicals such as 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The biochar was used as catalyst support of bifunctional Ru-Re catalyst. Two different catalysts were prepared: a conventional activated carbon (AC)-supported Ru-Re catalyst (Ru-Re/AC) and a biochar-supported Ru-Re catalyst (Ru-Re/biochar). The Ru-Re/biochar had a different form of Re species from the Ru-Re/AC, resulting in different reducibility. The difference of reducibility between the two was attributed to alkali metal present in the biochar such as potassium. The Ru-Re/biochar had a 17 times lower metal dispersion on the surface than the Ru-Re/AC, ascribed to a lower surface area of the biochar than the AC. Catalytic activities of the catalysts with regard to reaction rate per available surface active site for transforming furan to 1,4-BD and THF were measured. The Ru-Re/AC was 3 times less active than the Ru-Re/biochar. This study not only provides a way to efficiently use biomass both for environmental catalysts and for feedstock of producing value-added platform chemicals, but also shows potential of biochar for the replacement of typical catalysts employed in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Carbon Resources Institute, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Jia H, Liu B, Zhang X, Chen J, Ren W. Effects of ultrasonic treatment on the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of waste activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109250. [PMID: 32088608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, physicochemical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and kinetic analysis were used to investigate the effects of ultrasonic treatment on waste activated sludge (WAS), with emphasis on its kinetic parameters and pyrolysis behaviors. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the pyrolysis of ultrasonic WAS might be divided into three stages. The main pyrolysis behavior occurred in the second stage (180-540 °C), and its pyrolysis behavior and activation energy were similar to the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass. Moreover, the physicochemical analysis indicated that ultrasonic treatment reduced the content of lignocellulose and ash, thus changing the pyrolysis characteristics of WAS. Ultrasonic WAS exhibited a higher residual weight (54.93 wt%), a larger average activation energy (140.09 kJ/mol), a lower maximum weight loss rate (-5.71%/min), and a change in the weight loss peak to a higher temperature (304.7 °C), reflecting the decrease of the pyrolysis reaction rate. In addition, the kinetic parameters were calculated using the Starink method and Coats-Redfern method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang west road, Huangdao district, Qingdao City, 266580, China
| | - Bingkun Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang west road, Huangdao district, Qingdao City, 266580, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang west road, Huangdao district, Qingdao City, 266580, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang west road, Huangdao district, Qingdao City, 266580, China
| | - Wenhai Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang west road, Huangdao district, Qingdao City, 266580, China
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Cho DW, Park J, Kwon G, Lee J, Yim GJ, Jung W, Cheong YW. Zirconia-Assisted Pyrolysis of Coffee Waste in CO 2 Environment for the Simultaneous Production of Fuel Gas and Composite Adsorbent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121989. [PMID: 31896001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work newly employed monoclinic zirconia (ZrO2) as a promoter to improve CO2 pyrolysis of coffee waste (CW). The CO2 pyrolysis of CW presented the high level of CO production (14.3 mol%) during two stages of non-isothermal (280 to 700 °C) and isothermal pyrolysis (kept at 700 °C). At the same condition, the incorporation of ZrO2 improved the CO generation up to about twice that of CW (29.5 mol%) by possibly inducing more conversion of pyrolytic oil into gas. The characterization results exhibited that ZrO2-impregnated biochar (ZrB) possessed the distinctive surface morphology that highly graphitic- and porous carbon layers were covered by ZrO2 nanoparticle clusters. In a series of adsorption experiments, ZrB composite showed pH-dependent As(V) adsorption and pH neutralization ability. The adsorption proceeded relatively rapid with 95% removal during 120 min in the early stage, followed by 5% removal in the remaining 240 min. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 25.2 mg g-1 at final pH 8. The reusability and stability of ZrB were demonstrated in the 6 consecutive cycles of adsorption/desorption. As a result, ZrO2-assisted CO2 pyrolysis can potentially produce fuel gas with high CO fraction and composite adsorbent suitable for As(V) removal in acidic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wan Cho
- Geological Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Gwahak-ro 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Geological Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Gwahak-ro 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihoon Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhak Lee
- Geological Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Gwahak-ro 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Jae Yim
- Geological Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Gwahak-ro 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosik Jung
- Environmental and Plant Engineering Research Institute, Korea Institute of Civil and Building Technology, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Wook Cheong
- Geological Environment Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Gwahak-ro 124, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea.
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Lee HW, Lee H, Kim YM, Park RS, Park YK. Recent application of biochar on the catalytic biorefinery and environmental processes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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