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Lara B, Rojo J, Costa AR, Burgos-Montero AM, Antunes CM, Pérez-Badia R. Atmospheric pollen allergen load and environmental patterns in central and southwestern Iberian Peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159630. [PMID: 36280057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over one quarter of the population in industrialised countries suffers from some type of allergy and inhaled aeroallergens from pollen are the primary cause of allergic ailments. The networks for monitoring biological air quality measure the airborne pollen concentrations that characterize periods of exposure to major airborne aeroallergens but there are certain discrepancies in relation to the allergen-pollen dynamic. In this paper we analyse the airborne allergens Ole e 1, Phl p 1, Phl p 5 and Pla a 1, and interpreted the adjustments and mismatches in their concentrations in relation to airborne pollen. The influence of main environmental patterns was considered. The study was conducted in two urban areas of the centre and southwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Toledo in Spain and Évora in Portugal). Monitoring for pollen followed the standard protocol using Hirst volumetric spore traps and allergenic particles were quantified by ELISA assay. The results indicate that the discrepancies in this relationship were affected by the weather conditions up to 6 days prior. Precipitation and humidity above normal values caused a higher concentration of the allergen Pla a 1. This effect occurred in reverse in the case of humidity for the allergens Ole e 1 and Phl p 1. Humidity and precipitation generated the same pattern in the allergen-pollen relationship in both Phl p 1 and Phl p 5. Our findings show consistent results that allow to interpret the rate of discrepancy between allergen and pollen, and it can be used to improve allergy risk prediction models generated from atmospheric pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lara
- Institute of Environmental Science. University of Castilla-La Mancha. 45071, Toledo, Spain; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. Polytechnic University of Cartagena. 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Rojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany. Complutense University. 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana R Costa
- Department of Chemistry, ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology & IIFA. University of Évora. 7000-671, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana M Burgos-Montero
- Institute of Environmental Science. University of Castilla-La Mancha. 45071, Toledo, Spain; Allergy Department. Hospital General La Mancha Centro. 13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Célia M Antunes
- Department of Chemistry, ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology & IIFA. University of Évora. 7000-671, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Badia
- Institute of Environmental Science. University of Castilla-La Mancha. 45071, Toledo, Spain.
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Pan SY, Chi KH, Wang YC, Wei WC, Ueng YF. Sub-toxic events induced by truck speed-facilitated PM 2.5 and its counteraction by epigallocatechin-3-gallate in A549 human lung cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15004. [PMID: 36056034 PMCID: PMC9440210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To distinguish the influences of fuel type and truck speed on chemical composition and sub-toxic effects of particulates (PM2.5) from engine emissions, biomarkers-interleukin-6 (IL-6), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)-1-were studied in A549 human lung cells. Fuel type and truck speed preferentially affected the quantity and ion/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) composition of PM2.5, respectively. Under idling operation, phenanthrene was the most abundant PAH. At high speed, more than 50% of the PAHs had high molecular weight (HMW), of which benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[ghi]perylene (B[ghi]P), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (I[cd]P) were the main PAHs. B[a]P, B[ghi]P, and I[cd]P caused potent induction of IL-6, CYP1A1, and NQO-1, whereas phenanthrene mildly induced CYP1A1. Based on the PAH-mediated induction, the predicted increases in biomarkers were positively correlated with the measured increases. HMW-PAHs contribute to the biomarker induction by PM2.5, at high speed, which was reduced by co-exposure to epigallocatechin-3-gallate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Yu Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Cih Wang
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1, Li-Nong Street, Sec. 2, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chi Wei
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1, Li-Nong Street, Sec. 2, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yune-Fang Ueng
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1, Li-Nong Street, Sec. 2, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Suanno C, Aloisi I, Fernández-González D, Del Duca S. Monitoring techniques for pollen allergy risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111109. [PMID: 33848553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding airborne pollen allergens trends is of great importance for the high prevalence and the socio-economic impact that pollen-related respiratory diseases have on a global scale. Pursuing this aim, aeropalynology evolved as a broad and complex field, that requires multidisciplinary knowledge covering the molecular identity of pollen allergens, the nature of allergen-bearing particles (pollen grains, pollen sub-particles, and small airborne particles), and the distribution of their sources. To estimate the health hazard that urban vegetation and atmospheric pollen concentrations pose to allergic subjects, it is pivotal to develop efficient and rapid monitoring systems and reliable allergic risk indices. Here, we review different pollen allergens monitoring approaches, classifying them into I) vegetation-based, II) pollen-based, and III) allergen-based, and underlining their advantages and limits. Finally, we discuss the outstanding issues and directions for future research that will further clarify our understanding of pollen aeroallergens dynamics and allergen avoidance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Suanno
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Delia Fernández-González
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy; Department Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, 24071, Callejón Campus Vegazana, S/n, 24007, León, Spain
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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