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Gene Expression Changes Induced by Exposure of RAW 264.7 Macrophages to Particulate Matter of Air Pollution: The Role of Endotoxins. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081100. [PMID: 36008994 PMCID: PMC9405577 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the variable chemical and physical characteristics of particulate air pollutants, inflammation and oxidative stress have been identified as common mechanisms for cell damage and negative health influences. These effects are produced by organic components, especially by endotoxins. This study analyzed the gene expression profile after exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to the standard particulate matter (PM) material, NIST1648a, and PM with a reduced organic matter content, LAp120, in comparison to the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The selected parameters of cell viability, cell cycle progression, and metabolic and inflammatory activity were also investigated. Both forms of PM negatively influenced the parameters of cell activity. These results were generally reflected in the gene expression profile. Only NIST1648a, excluding LAp120, contained endotoxins and showed small but statistically significant pro-inflammatory activity. However, the gene expression profiling revealed strong pro-inflammatory cell activation induced by NIST1648a that was close to the effects of LPS. Changes in gene expression triggered by LAp120 were relatively small. The observed differences in the effects of NIST1648a and LAp120 were related to the content of organic matter in which bacterial endotoxins play an important role. However, other organic compounds and their interactions with other PM components also appear to be of significant importance.
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Shi S, Zhang X, Yao Z, Xu M, Zhou B, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Zhou T, Ye J. OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1301-1305. [PMID: 35165715 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuocheng Yao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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