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Yang Q, Yang Z, Cai X, Zhao H, Jia J, Sun F. Advances in methodologies of negative controls: a scoping review. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 166:111228. [PMID: 38040387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative controls are considered an important tool to mitigate biases in observational studies. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize current methodologies of negative controls (both negative control exposure [NCE] and negative control outcome [NCO]). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library (up to March 9, 2023) for articles on methodologies of negative controls. Two reviewers selected eligible studies and collected relevant data independently and in duplicate. We reported total numbers and percentages, and summarized methodologies narratively. RESULTS A total of 37 relevant methodological articles were included in our review. These publications covered NCE (n = 11, 29.8%), NCO (n = 13, 35.1%), or both (n = 13, 35.1%), with most focused on bias detection (n = 14, 37.8%), bias correction (n = 16, 43.3%), and P value or confidence interval (CI) calibration (n = 5, 13.5%). For the two remaining articles (5.4%), one discussed bias detection and P value or CI calibration and the other covered all the three functions. For bias detection, the existence of an association between the NCE (NCO) and outcome (exposure) variables of interest simply indicates that results may suffer from confounding bias, selection bias and/or information bias. For bias correction, however, the algorithms of negative control methods need more stringent assumptions such as rank preservation, monotonicity, and linearity. CONCLUSION Negative controls can be leveraged for bias detection, P value or CI calibration, and bias correction, among which bias correction has been the most studied methodologically. The current available methods need some stringent assumptions to detect or remove bias. More methodological research is needed to optimize the use of negative controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xianming Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Houyu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Li L, Feng T, Wu R, Zhang Y, Wang N, Wu M, Pang Y, Yang S, Yang A, Zhang D, Hao G, Zhang R. The role of total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde of seminal plasma in the association between air pollution and sperm quality. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122324. [PMID: 37544399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested that men exposed to air pollution are associated with decreased sperm quality, and seminal plasma plays a pivotal role in maintaining sperm viability. However, the role of seminal plasma in air pollution related sperm quality decline remain unestablished. In current study, we recruited 524 participants from couples who underwent in vitro fertilization treatment due to female factors at a fertility clinic in China from March to August 2020. Conventional sperm parameters, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and testosterone were measured using semen samples. The six main air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3) during four key periods of sperm development (meiotic stage, spermiogenesis stage, epididymal stage and total sperm cycle period) were estimated using inverse distance weighting method. Multiple linear regression models were employed to investigate the exposure-outcome relationships. And we found that PM10 exposures were negatively related to sperm total motility and the exposures of PM2.5 and PM10 were inversely associated with sperm progressive motility during epididymal stage. Furthermore, PM2.5 and PM10 exposures were positively associated with seminal plasma MDA and PM10 was negatively related to seminal plasma T-AOC during epididymal stage. PM2.5, PM10 and CO exposures during total sperm cycle period might relate to increased seminal plasma testosterone. Mediation analysis indicated seminal plasma MDA and T-AOC partially mediated PM10 associated reduction of sperm motility during epididymal stage. Our study suggested MDA and T-AOC of seminal plasma played a role in air pollution associated decline of sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
| | - Tengfei Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Ruiting Wu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Sujuan Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Dengsuo Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Guimin Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China.
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Agay-Shay K. Invited Perspective: Air Pollution and Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs)-a Summary of Two Decades and Future Direction in Research. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:61305. [PMID: 37339065 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Agay-Shay
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Lv S, Liu X, Li Z, Lu F, Guo M, Liu M, Wei J, Wu Z, Yu S, Li S, Li X, Gao W, Tao L, Wang W, Xin J, Guo X. Causal effect of PM 1 on morbidity of cause-specific respiratory diseases based on a negative control exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114746. [PMID: 36347395 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive studies have linked PM2.5 and PM10 with respiratory diseases (RD). However, few is known about causal association between PM1 and morbidity of RD. We aimed to assess the causal effects of PM1 on cause-specific RD. METHODS Hospital admission data were obtained for RD during 2014 and 2019 in Beijing, China. Negative control exposure and extreme gradient boosting with SHapley Additive exPlanation was used to explore the causality and contribution between PM1 and RD. Stratified analysis by gender, age, and season was conducted. RESULTS A total of 1,183,591 admissions for RD were recorded. Per interquartile range (28 μg/m3) uptick in concentration of PM1 corresponded to a 3.08% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66%-4.52%] increment in morbidity of total RD. And that was 4.47% (95% CI: 2.46%-6.52%) and 0.15% (95% CI: 1.44%-1.78%), for COPD and asthma, respectively. Significantly positive causal associations were observed for PM1 with total RD and COPD. Females and the elderly had higher effects on total RD, COPD, and asthma only in the warm months (Z = 3.03, P = 0.002; Z = 4.01, P < 0.001; Z = 3.92, P < 0.001; Z = 2.11, P = 0.035; Z = 2.44, P = 0.015). Contribution of PM1 ranked first, second and second for total RD, COPD, and asthma among air pollutants. CONCLUSION PM1 was causally associated with increased morbidity of total RD and COPD, but not causally associated with asthma. Females and the elderly were more vulnerable to PM1-associated effects on RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Moning Guo
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Siqi Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Respiratory, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Australia
| | - Wenkang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical Sciences and Health, Edith Cowan University, WA6027, Perth, Australia
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China; National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Shi W, Jiang M, Kan L, Zhang T, Yu Q, Wu Z, Xue S, Fei X, Jin C. Association Between Ambient Air Pollutants Exposure and Preterm Birth in Women Who Underwent in vitro Fertilization: A Retrospective Cohort Study From Hangzhou, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:785600. [PMID: 34966762 PMCID: PMC8710591 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.785600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Exposure to air pollutants has been linked to preterm birth (PTB) after natural conception. However, few studies have explored the effects of air pollution on PTB in patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF). We aimed to investigate the association between ambient air pollutants exposure and PTB risk in IVF patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2,195 infertile women who underwent IVF treatment from January 2017 and September 2020 in Hangzhou Women's Hospital. Totally 1,005 subjects who underwent a first fresh embryo(s) transfer cycle were analyzed in this study. Residential exposure to ambient six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, O3) during various periods of the IVF timeline were estimated by satellite remote-sensing and ground measurement. Cox proportional hazards models for discrete time were used to explore the association between pollutants exposure and incident PTB, with adjustment for confounders. Stratified analyses were employed to explore the effect modifiers. Results: The clinical pregnancy and PTB rates were 61.2 and 9.3%, respectively. We found that PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with an increased risk of PTB during 85 days before oocyte retrieval [period A, adjusted hazard ratio, HR=1.09, 95%CI: 1.02–1.21], gonadotropin start to oocyte retrieval [period B, 1.07 (1.01–1.19)], first trimester of pregnancy [period F, 1.06 (1.01–1.14)], and the entire IVF pregnancy [period I, 1.07 (1.01–1.14)], respectively. An interquartile range increment in PM10 during periods A and B was significantly associated with PTB at 1.15 (1.04–1.36), 1.12 (1.03–1.28), and 1.14 (1.01–1.32) for NO2 during period A. The stratified analysis showed that the associations were stronger for women aged <35 years and those who underwent two embryos transferred. Conclusions: Our study suggests ambient PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 exposure were significantly associated with elevated PTB risk in IVF patients, especially at early stages of IVF cycle and during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Shi
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meiyan Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lena Kan
- Division of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zexuan Wu
- Department of Reproductive Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuya Xue
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Fei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changbo Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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