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Castro IMP, Rosa A, Borges A, Cunha F, Passos F. The effects of microalgae use as a biofertilizer on soil and plant before and after its anaerobic (co-)digestion with food waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173301. [PMID: 38759922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The increase in food waste generation has resulted in significant challenges for its sustainable management. Anaerobic digestion coupled with microalgae-based ponds for digestate treatment can be used as a low-cost eco-friendly technology approach. In this case, microalgal biomass harvested from the ponds may be valorized into bioenergy (biogas) and soil conditioner and/or biofertilizers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the microalgal biomass produced from a food waste digestate treatment ponds as agricultural fertilizer. For this purpose, microalgal biomass was tested before and after anaerobic digestion and co-digestion with food waste, exploring its potential for valorization. The inorganic fertilizer urea and soil with no fertilization were also used as treatments. The experimental design consisted of applying the treatments in pots cultivated with hybrid grass Brachiaria cv. Sabiá and distributed in randomized blocks in a controlled greenhouse. Microalgal biomass was mainly composed by Scenedesmus sp.. The assessed parameters showed comparable results on plant growth (i.e. number of tillers, fresh and dry matter and Chlorophyll content index) for fresh and digested microalgal biomass and inorganic fertilizer. Furthermore, it was observed that fresh microalgae provided the highest Phosphorus content in the leaf (21 %). Additionally, there were increases of 9 % in Nitrogen and 12 % in organic matter in the soil after applying digested microalgae compared to the control group without any fertilization. Finally, experimental data obtained suggests that microalgae-based biofertilizer holds the potential to replace inorganic fertilizer as a nutrient source. Moreover, it contributes to the valorization of by-products from organic waste treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacy Maria Pereira Castro
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - André Rosa
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitario, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Allison Borges
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitario, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cunha
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitario, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Passos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
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Sobolewska E, Borowski S, Kręgiel D. Cultivation of yeasts on liquid digestate to remove organic pollutants and nutrients and for potential application as co-culture with microalgae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121351. [PMID: 38838535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the growth of yeast and yeast-like fungi in the liquid digestate from vegetable wastes was investigated in order to remove nutrients and organic pollutants, and for their application as co-culture members with green microalgae. The studied yeast strains were characterized for their assimilative and enzymatic profiles as well as temperature requirements. In the first experimental stage, the growth dynamics of each strain were determined, allowing to select the best yeasts for further studies. In the subsequent stage, the ability of selectants to remove organic pollutants was assessed. Different cultivation media containing respectively 1:3, 1:1, 3:1 vol ratio of liquid digestate and the basal minimal medium were used. Among all tested yeast strains, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa DSM 70825 showed the most promising results, demonstrating the highest potential for removing organic substrates and nutrients. Depending on the medium, this strain achieved 50-80% sCOD, 45-60% tVFAs, 21-45% TN, 33-52% PO43- reduction rates. Similar results were obtained for the strain Candida sp. OR687571. The high nutrient and organics removal efficiency by these yeasts could likely be linked to their ability to assimilate xylose (being the main source of carbon in the liquid digestate). In culture media containing liquid digestate, both yeast strains achieved good viability and proliferation potential. In the liquid digestate medium, R. mucilaginosa and Candida sp. showed vitality at the level of 51.5% and 45.0%, respectively. These strains seem to be a good starting material for developing effective digestate treatment strategies involving monocultures and/or consortia with other yeasts or green microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Sobolewska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland; Interdisciplinary Doctoral School, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530, Lodz, Poland.
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Arcas-Pilz V, Gabarrell X, Orsini F, Villalba G. Literature review on the potential of urban waste for the fertilization of urban agriculture: A closer look at the metropolitan area of Barcelona. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167193. [PMID: 37741375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Urban agriculture (UA) activities are increasing in popularity and importance due to greater food demands and reductions in agricultural land, also advocating for greater local food supply and security as well as the social and community cohesion perspective. This activity also has the potential to enhance the circularity of urban flows, repurposing nutrients from waste sources, increasing their self-sufficiency, reducing nutrient loss into the environment, and avoiding environmental cost of nutrient extraction and synthetization. The present work is aimed at defining recovery technologies outlined in the literature to obtain relevant nutrients such as N and P from waste sources in urban areas. Through literature research tools, the waste sources were defined, differentiating two main groups: (1) food, organic, biowaste and (2) wastewater. Up to 7 recovery strategies were identified for food, organic, and biowaste sources, while 11 strategies were defined for wastewater, mainly focusing on the recovery of N and P, which are applicable in UA in different forms. The potential of the recovered nutrients to cover existing and prospective UA sites was further assessed for the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Nutrient recovery from current composting and anaerobic digestion of urban sourced organic matter obtained each year in the area as well as the composting of wastewater sludge, struvite precipitation and ion exchange in wastewater effluent generated yearly in existing WWTPs were assessed. The results show that the requirements for the current and prospective UA in the area can be met 2.7 to 380.2 times for P and 1.7 to 117.5 times for N depending on the recovery strategy. While the present results are promising, current perceptions, legislation and the implementation and production costs compared to existing markets do not facilitate the application of nutrient recovery strategies, although a change is expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Arcas-Pilz
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gabarrell
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesco Orsini
- DISTAL-Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gara Villalba
- Sostenipra Research Group (2021 SGR 00734), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals ICTA-UAB (CEX2019-0940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Anwar A, Barut A, Pala F, Kilinc-Ata N, Kaya E, Lien DTQ. A different look at the environmental Kuznets curve from the perspective of environmental deterioration and economic policy uncertainty: evidence from fragile countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28761-w. [PMID: 37531053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental degradation is one of the most significant issues that developing nations confront and needs to be resolved right away in order for them to achieve sustainable development. Government policies are crucial in this situation since emerging nations frequently struggle with the issue of policy ambiguity, which can result in environmental deterioration. In this context, this study investigates how policy uncertainty affects environmental degradation in the five fragile emerging economies known as the Fragile Five-Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey. Using data from 1996 to 2019, we estimate a Panel Quantile Regression analysis. The empirical findings indicate that economic policy uncertainty and technology innovation increases the environmental degradation whereas environmental degradation is slowed down by financial development and renewable energy consumption. Empirical evidence also confirms the presence of EKC hypothesis in fragile economies. Based on the findings, we suggest both a policy and an environmental framework for achieving sustainable development in fragile economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Anwar
- Business Administration Department, Faculty of Management Sciences, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdulkadir Barut
- Siverek Vocational School, Department of Accounting and Taxation, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Pala
- Kelkit Vocational School, Department of Accounting and Taxation, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Kilinc-Ata
- College of Economics and Management, Al-Qasimia University, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Laboratory for Science and Technology Studies and Economics of Knowledge, National Research University "Higher School of Economics", Moscow, Russia
| | - Emine Kaya
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Accounting and Finance, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey
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Wang W, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Digestate-derived carbonized char and activated carbon: Application perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129135. [PMID: 37164231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The flourishment of anaerobic digestion (AD) on waste treatment emphasizes the importance of digestate valorization, which plays an essential role in determining the benefits provided by the AD process. The perception of digestate gradually shifts from waste to products to realize the concept of circular economy and maximize the benefits of digestate valorization. This review first outlined the current status of digestate valorization, focusing on thermal-chemical methods. The novel valorization methods were then summarized from the recent research, illustrating prospects for digestate valorization. Limits and perspectives are finally addressed. Methods for preparing digestate-derived activated carbon and impurity effects were elucidated. Inherent mineral content/inorganic impurity could be a niche for downstream use. High surface area and well-developed pore structure are essential for satisfying downstream use performance, but they are not the only factors. Digestate char applications other than use as an energy fuel are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Wang W, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Anaerobic digestate valorization beyond agricultural application: Current status and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 373:128742. [PMID: 36791977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The flourishment of anaerobic digestion emphasizes the importance of digestate valorization, which is essential in determining the benefits of the anaerobic digestion process. Recently the perception of digestate gradually shifted from waste to products to realize the concept of circular economy and maximize the benefits of digestate valorization. Land application of digestate should be the simplest way for digestate valorization, while legislation restriction and environmental issues emphasize the necessity of novel valorization methods. This review then outlined the current methods for solid/liquid digestate valorization, nutrient recovery, microalgae cultivation, and integration with biological and thermochemical processes. The novel valorization routes proposed were summarized, with their challenges and prospects being discussed. Integrating anaerobic digestion with thermochemical methods such as hydrothermal carbonization should be a promising strategy due to the potential market value of hydrochar/biochar-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Hu C, Yang L, Wang H, Xiao X, Wang Z, Gong X, Liu X, Li W. Analysis of heavy metals in the conversion of lake sediment and restaurant waste by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1163057. [PMID: 37064243 PMCID: PMC10102990 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1163057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk posed by heavy metals makes it difficult to dispose of sediment contaminants from dredging lakes in China. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) can convert organic waste, such as restaurant waste and lake sediment, to high-value-added protein feed and fertilizer. Experimental groups were formed in this study to explore the conversion of heavy metals present in the mixture of restaurant waste and lake sediment by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). The results demonstrated that BSFL could survive in pure sediment with an 84.76% survival rate. Relative to the substrate, BSFL could accumulate 70-90% zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and 20-40% cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). The experimental group 2:3, with 40% lake sediment and 60% restaurant waste, was the best group after conversion for 15 days, which showed a 95.24% survival rate of BFSL, 82.20 mg average weight of BFSL, 8.92 mm average length of BFSL, with varying content of heavy metals such as Cu (43.22 mg/kg), Zn (193.31 mg/kg), Cd (1.58 mg/kg), Cr (25.30 mg/kg) Cr, and Pb (38.59 mg/kg) in BSFL. Furthermore, the conversion residue conforms to the relevant standards of organic fertilizer in China and can be used as organic fertilizer. Overall, the present study shows that black soldier flies can improve the resource utilization of lake sediment, especially by reducing the effect of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixi Hu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longyuan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xiao
- Changsha Zoomlion Environmental Industry Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhongwen Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Chizhengtang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huangshi, China
| | - Xiangyi Gong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianli Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
- *Correspondence: Xianli Liu, ; Wu Li,
| | - Wu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
- *Correspondence: Xianli Liu, ; Wu Li,
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Bulgari D, Alias C, Peron G, Ribaudo G, Gianoncelli A, Savino S, Boureghda H, Bouznad Z, Monti E, Gobbi E. Solid-State Fermentation of Trichoderma spp.: A New Way to Valorize the Agricultural Digestate and Produce Value-Added Bioproducts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3994-4004. [PMID: 36735958 PMCID: PMC9999421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the agricultural digestate from anaerobic biogas production mixed with food wastes was used as a substrate to grow Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 and Trichoderma atroviride Ta13 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) and produce high-value bioproducts, such as bioactive molecules to be used as ingredients for biostimulants. The Trichoderma spp. reached their maximum growth after 6 and 3 SSF days, respectively. Both Trichoderma species were able to produce cellulase, esterase, and citric and malic acids, while T. atroviride also produced gibberellins and oxylipins as shown by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) profiling. Experimental evaluation of germination parameters highlighted a significant promotion of tomato seed germination and root elongation induced by T. atroviride crude extracts from SSF. This study suggests an innovative sustainable use of the whole digestate mixed with agro-food waste as a valuable substrate in fungal biorefineries. Here, it has been applied to produce plant growth-promoting fungi and bioactive molecules for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bulgari
- Agri-Food
and Environmental Microbiology Platform, Department of Molecular and
Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Alias
- Agri-Food
and Environmental Microbiology Platform, Department of Molecular and
Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123Brescia, Italy
- B+LabNet-Environmental
Sustainability Lab, University of Brescia, Via Branze 45, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Proteomics
Platform, AgroFood Lab, Department of Molecular and Translational
Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Proteomics
Platform, AgroFood Lab, Department of Molecular and Translational
Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Proteomics
Platform, AgroFood Lab, Department of Molecular and Translational
Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Savino
- Unit
of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Houda Boureghda
- Department
of Botany, Laboratory of Phytopathology and Molecular Biology, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique (ENSA), El Harrach, Algiers16200, Algeria
| | - Zouaoui Bouznad
- Department
of Botany, Laboratory of Phytopathology and Molecular Biology, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique (ENSA), El Harrach, Algiers16200, Algeria
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Unit
of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gobbi
- Agri-Food
and Environmental Microbiology Platform, Department of Molecular and
Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123Brescia, Italy
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