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Wang S, Li S, Rene ER, Lun X, Ma W. Design and preparation of reticular superabsorbent hydrogel material with nutrient slow-release and high shear strength for ecological remediation of abandoned mines with steep slopes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132303. [PMID: 38744366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In order to solve ecological remediation issues for abandoned mines with steep slopes, a kind of hydrogels with high cohesion and water-retaining were designed by inorganic mineral skeleton combining with polymeric organic network cavities. This eco-friendly hydrogel (MFA/HA-g-p(AA-co-AM)) was prepared with acrylic acid (AA)-acrylamide (AM) as network, which was grafted with humic acids (HA) as network binding point reinforcement skeleton and polar functional group donors, KOH-modified fly ash (MFA) as internal supporter. The maximum water absorption capacities were 1960 g/g for distilled water, which followed the pseudo-second-order model. This super water absorption was attributed to the first stage of 62 % fast absorption due to the high specific surface area, pore volume and low osmotic pressure, moreover, the multiple hydrophilic functional groups and network structure swell contributed to 36 % of the second stage slow adsorption. In addition, the pore filling of water in mesoporous channels contributed the additional 2 % water retention on the third stage. The high saline-alkali resistance correlated with the electrostatic attraction with MFA and multiple interactions with oxygen-containing functional groups in organic components. MFA and HA also enhanced the shear strength and fertility retention properties. After 5 cycles of natural dehydration and reabsorption process, these excellent characteristics of reusability and water absorption capacity kept above 97 %. The application of 0.6 wt% MFA/HA-g-p(AA-co-AM) at 15° slope could improve the growth of ryegrass by approximately 45 %. This study provides an efficient and economic superabsorbent material for ecological restoration of abandoned mines with steep slopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sinuo Li
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoxiu Lun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weifang Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Li M, Kang Y, Kuang S, Wu H, Zhuang L, Hu Z, Zhang J, Guo Z. Efficient stabilization of arsenic migration and conversion in soil with surfactant-modified iron-manganese oxide: Environmental effects and mechanistic insights. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170526. [PMID: 38286296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The use of iron-manganese oxide (FMO) as a promising amendment for remediating arsenic (As) contamination in soils has gained attention, but its application is limited owing to agglomeration issues. This study aims to address agglomeration using surfactant-modified FMO and investigate their stabilization behavior towards As and resulting environmental changes upon amendments. The results confirmed the efficacy of surfactants and demonstrated that cetyltrimethylammonium-bromide-modified FMO significantly reduced the leaching concentration of As by 92.5 % and effectively suppressed the uptake of As by 85.8 % compared with the control groups. The ratio of the residual fraction increased from 30.5-41.6 % in unamended soil to 67.9-69.2 %. The number of active sites was through the introduction of surfactants and immobilized As via complexation, ion exchange, and redox reactions. The study also revealed that amendments and the concentration of As influenced the soil physicochemical properties and enriched bacteria associated with As and Fe reduction and changed the distribution of C, N, Fe, and As metabolism genes, which promoted the stabilization of As. The interactions among cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, FMO, and microorganisms were found to have the greatest effect on As immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shaoping Kuang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Linlan Zhuang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Guo G, Chen S, Zhang D, Wang J, Lei M, Ju T, Wei H. Influence of biochar on the arsenic phytoextraction potential of Pteris vittata in soils from an abandoned arsenic mining site. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141389. [PMID: 38336043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) has a strong potential for activating arsenic (As) in soil; thus, the phytoremediation efficiency of As-polluted soils is enhanced with Pteris vittata L. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of BC to assist in phytoremediation with P. vittata. The effects of BC on physicochemical properties, available As, enzyme activities, and the bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil were investigated, and the biomass, physiology, and As uptake of P. vittata were analyzed. The results indicated that applying BC facilitated available As in the P. vittata rhizosphere soil, and the phytoremediation efficiency percentage increased in the As-polluted soils, such as 3.80% and 8.01% under the 2% and 5% BC treatments compared to the control, respectively. Phytoremediation with P. vittata and BC significantly improved soil organic matter content, available N, P, and K, enzyme activities, and the bacterial community. BC promoted Streptomyces (26.6-54.2%) and Sphingomonas (12.3-30.8%) abundance which regulated the growth and As uptake by P. vittata. Moreover, applying BC increased the biomass, and As uptake by P. vittata. Overall, BC strengthened the phytoremediation of As-polluted soils by improving soil pH, nutrient concentrations, enzyme activities, bacterial community structure, and soil arsenic activation, growth, and absorption by P. vittata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Degang Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; HongHe University, Mengzi, 661100, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tienan Ju
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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Han L, Zhai Y, Chen R, Fan Y, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Li R, Xia L. Characteristics of Soil Arsenic Contamination and the Potential of Pioneer Plants for Arsenic Remediation in Gold Mine Tailings. TOXICS 2023; 11:1025. [PMID: 38133426 PMCID: PMC10747858 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination of gold mine tailings poses major threats to the natural environment and human health, necessitating adequate management measures. To investigate the soil As contamination level and the potential of pioneer plants for As remediation, the soil and plants of an abandoned gold mine tailings in the Qinling Mountains were analyzed. The level of As contamination was assessed using the single-factor pollution index and potential ecological risk index, and its bioeffectiveness was analyzed. The enrichment capability of plants was investigated using the bioaccumulation factor and translocation factor. Redundancy analysis and partial least squares regression were employed to investigate factors affecting the distribution of As in soil and plants. The results show that As in soil mainly existed in the difficult-available state, with serious contamination and extremely high ecological risk. Lythrum salicaria L. and Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. are the preferred plants for remediation of As contamination through screening pioneer plants. Soil total nitrogen (STN) and available phosphorus (SAP) are the main factors influencing the characteristics of As distribution in the soil. Soil available potassium (SAK), water content (SWC), and SAP promote the accumulation of As by plants. This study provides plant materials and new ideas for mine ecological remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yunmeng Zhai
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Yamin Fan
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Risheng Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Longfei Xia
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group, Xi’an 710075, China; (R.L.); (L.X.)
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Mensah MK, Drebenstedt C, Ola IM, Hoth N, Damptey FG, Wiafe ED. Immobilization effects of co-pyrolyzed neem seed mixed with poultry manure on potentially toxic elements in soil and the phytoremediation potentials of native Manihot esculenta and Jatropha curcas in ensuring sustainable land use. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:793. [PMID: 37261537 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of neem seed biochar, poultry manure, and their combinations at varying rates of 15 and 25% (w/w) on potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils. Afterward, the suitability of Manihot esculenta and Jatropha curcas in removing Cd, As, Zn, Pb, and Hg from mine spoils were appraised in a 270-day outdoor pot experiment. Using ICP-Mass Spectrometry, the elemental contents of target PTE in the shoot, root, and soil specimens were determined for each treatment. The obtained average values were further subjected to a nonparametric test of samples using IBM SPSS Statistic 29. The applied organic amendments resulted in significant differences p < 0.05 in PTE availability for plant uptake after the Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test was made. Nonetheless, applying a 25% (w/w) mixture of neem seed biochar and poultry manure was efficient in immobilizing more PTEs in soils which caused lower PTEs presence in plants. Organic amendments further significantly enhanced the fertility of the mine soils leading to about a 6- 25.00% increase in the biomass yield (p < 0.05) of both plants. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was however observed between the phytoremediation potentials of both plants after the Independent-Sample Mann-Whitney U test. Even that, Manihot esculenta was averagely more efficient in PTE uptake than Jatropha curcas. Larger portions of the bioaccumulated PTEs were stored in the roots of both plants leading to high bioconcentration factors of 1.94- 2.47 mg/kg and 1.27- 4.70 mg/kg, respectively, for Jatropha curcas and Manihot esculenta. A transfer factor < 1 was achieved for all PTEs uptake by both plants and indicated their suitability for phytostabilization. Techniques for easy cultivation of root-storing PTEs are required to enhance their large-scale use as their biomass could further be used in clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kofi Mensah
- Institute of Surface Mining and Special Civil Engineering, Technical University of Mining Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Street 1A, 09599, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Carsten Drebenstedt
- Institute of Surface Mining and Special Civil Engineering, Technical University of Mining Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Street 1A, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Ibukun Momoriola Ola
- Institute of Surface Mining and Special Civil Engineering, Technical University of Mining Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Street 1A, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Nils Hoth
- Institute of Surface Mining and Special Civil Engineering, Technical University of Mining Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Street 1A, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | | | - Edward Debrah Wiafe
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB Somanya, Ghana
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Gao J, Han H, Gao C, Wang Y, Dong B, Xu Z. Organic amendments for in situ immobilization of heavy metals in soil: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139088. [PMID: 37268229 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need for soil remediation due to the increase in heavy metals (HMs) migrating into the soil environment, especially those from man-made sources dominated by industry and agriculture. In situ immobilization technology, because of its lower life cycle environmental footprint, can achieve "green and sustainable remediation" of soil heavy-metal pollution. Among the various in situ immobilization remediation agents, organic amendments (OAs) stand out as they can act as soil conditioners while acting as HMs immobilization agents, and therefore have excellent application prospects. In this paper, the types and remediation effects of OAs for HMs in situ immobilization in soil are summarized. OAs have an important effect on the soil environment and other active substances in soil while interacting with HMs in soil. Based on these factors, the principle and mechanism of HMs in situ immobilization in soil using OAs are summarized. Given the complex differential characteristics of soil itself, it is impossible to determine whether it can remain stable after heavy-metal remediation; therefore, there is still a gap in knowledge regarding the compatibility and long-term effectiveness of OAs with soil. In the future, it is necessary to develop a reasonable HMs contamination remediation program for in situ immobilization and long-term monitoring through interdisciplinary integration techniques. These findings are expected to provide a reference for the development of advanced OAs and their applications in engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Haoxuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China.
| | - Zuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Zhuang F, Huang J, Li H, Peng X, Xia L, Zhou L, Zhang T, Liu Z, He Q, Luo F, Yin H, Meng D. Biogeochemical behavior and pollution control of arsenic in mining areas: A review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1043024. [PMID: 37032850 PMCID: PMC10080717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1043024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic metalloids that possess many forms. As is constantly migrating from abandoned mining area to the surrounding environment in both oxidation and reducing conditions, threatening human health and ecological safety. The biogeochemical reaction of As included oxidation, reduction, methylation, and demethylation, which is closely associated with microbial metabolisms. The study of the geochemical behavior of arsenic in mining areas and the microbial remediation of arsenic pollution have great potential and are hot spots for the prevention and remediation of arsenic pollution. In this study, we review the distribution and migration of arsenic in the mining area, focus on the geochemical cycle of arsenic under the action of microorganisms, and summarize the factors influencing the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic, and strategies for arsenic pollution in mining areas are also discussed. Finally, the problems of the risk control strategies and the future development direction are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Hunan Renhe Environment Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Ling Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Huaqun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Delong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Delong Meng
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Chen W, Yang Y, Meng D, Ying J, Huang H, Li H. Luffa cylindrica Intercropping with Semen cassiae-A Production Practice of Improving Land Use in Soil Contaminated with Arsenic. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3398. [PMID: 36501437 PMCID: PMC9739561 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research on the safe utilization and green remediation of contaminated soil by intercropping has become common. In this study, the growth of an intercropping system of Luffa cylindrica-Semen cassiae in soil contaminated with medium amounts of arsenic (As) was studied using field (91.60 mg kg-1) and pot (83.34 mg kg-1) experiments. The field experiments showed that intercropping significantly increased the yield per plant of L. cylindrica by 27.36%, while the yield per plant of S. cassiae decreased by 21.66%; however, this difference was not significant. Intercropping reduced the concentration of As in all organs of L. cylindrica but increased the concentration of As in all parts of S. cassiae. The accumulation of As per plant of L. cylindrica was reduced by 20.72%, while that in a single plant of S. cassiae was increased by 201.93%. In addition, the concentration of As in the fruit of these two crops in these two planting modes was low enough to meet the National Food Safety Standard of China (GB2762-2017). In addition, the land equivalent ratio and As metal removal equivalent ratio of the intercropping mode was 1.03 and 2.34, indicating that the intercropping mode had advantages in land use and As removal. In the pot experiment, the biomass and As concentration of L. cylindrica and S. cassiae were roughly consistent with those in the field experiment. During the sampling period, intercropping reduced the concentration of As in the rhizosphere soil solution of L. cylindrica by 3.1-23.77%, while it increased the concentration of As in the rhizosphere soil solution of S. cassiae by 13.30-59.40%. The changes in pH and redox potential were also closely related to the content of water-soluble As in the rhizosphere environment, which affects the absorption of As by plants. In general, the L. cylindrica-S. cassiae intercropping system is a planting mode that can effectively treat soil that is moderately contaminated with As and remove it from the soil to an extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dele Meng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jidong Ying
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiyin Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huashou Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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