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Thai NX, Chinh NT, Linh BT, Thuy TT, Hoang T. Optimizing Green Synthesis of Hydrotalcite - Silver Nanoparticles using Syzygium Nervosum based Reducing Agent. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400162. [PMID: 38705851 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Hydrotalcite-silver (HT-Ag) nanoparticles have been involved in various daily crucial applications, such as antibacterial, photocatalytic, adsorption, etc. There are many approaches to synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) decorated on hydrotalcite (HT) surface and the most used approach is using a strong reducing agent. Thus, affordable but effective "green" reducing agents - Syzygium nervosum leaf extract, are taken into account in this work to solve several issues related to chemical reducing agents. This work aimed to assess the effect of Syzygium nervosum leaf extract as a reducing agent for green synthesis of AgNPs on HT through an optimizing process using response surface methodology (RSM) and the Box-Benken model. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of AgNPs on HT include a reaction time of 6.15 hours, a reaction temperature of 50 °C, and the ratio of diluted Syzygium nervosum leaf extract to reduce AgNO3 of 50.37 mL/mg. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of the reduction reaction reached 77.54 %, close to the theoretical value of 76.97 %. The optimization model was suitable for the experiment data. Besides, the morphology, density, and characteristics of AgNPs on the surface of HT layers have been determined by using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected area diffraction, X-ray diffraction, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Fluorescence emission spectroscopy (FE), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods. The spherical AgNPs were synthesized successfully on the surface of HT with the average particle size of 13.0±1.1 nm. Interestingly, HT-Ag hybrid materials can inhibit strongly the growth of E. coli, S. aureus as well as two antibiotic resistance bacterial strains, P. stutzeri B27, and antibiotic resistance E. coli. Especially, the antibacterial activity quantification and durability of the HT-Ag hybrid materials were also tested. Overall, the HT-Ag hybrid materials are very promising for application in material science and biomedicine fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Xuan Thai
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Chinh
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thao Linh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thanh Thuy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thai Hoang
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
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Shahzad N, Alzahrani AR, Aziz Ibrahim IA, Shahid I, Alanazi IM, Falemban AH, Imam MT, Mohsin N, Azlina MFN, Arulselvan P. Therapeutic strategy of biological macromolecules based natural bioactive compounds of diabetes mellitus and future perspectives: A systematic review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24207. [PMID: 38298622 PMCID: PMC10828662 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High blood glucose levels are a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome known as diabetes mellitus. More than 600 million people will have diabetes by 2045 as the global prevalence of the disease continues to rise. Contemporary antidiabetic drugs reduce hyperglycemia and its consequences. However, these drugs come with undesirable side effects, so it's encouraging that research into plant extracts and bioactive substances with antidiabetic characteristics is on the rise. Natural remedies are preferable to conventional anti-diabetic drugs since they are safer for the body, more affordable and have fewer potential adverse effects. Biological macromolecules such as liposomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and metallic nanoparticles are explored in this review. Current drug restrictions have been addressed, and the effectiveness of plant-based antidiabetic therapies has enhanced the merits of these methods. Plant extracts' loading capacity and the carriers' stability are the primary obstacles in developing plant-based nanocarriers. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic drugs are covered, and a brief overview of the amphipathic features of liposomes, phospholipids, and lipid nanocarriers is provided. Metallic nanoparticles' benefits and attendant risks are highlighted to emphasize their efficiency in treating hyperglycemia. Researchers interested in the potential of nanoparticles loaded with plant extracts as antidiabetic therapeutics may find the current helpful review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Tarique Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Mohsin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
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Ganguly A, Chaudhary S, Sirsi SR, Prasad S. H.O.S.T.: Hemoglobin microbubble-based Oxidative stress Sensing Technology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14942. [PMID: 37696978 PMCID: PMC10495409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we discuss the development of H.O.S.T., a novel hemoglobin microbubble-based electrochemical biosensor for label-free detection of Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) towards oxidative stress and cancer diagnostic applications. The novelty of the constructed sensor lies in the use of a sonochemically prepared hemoglobin microbubble capture probe, which allowed for an extended dynamic range, lower detection limit, and enhanced resolution compared to the native hemoglobin based H2O2 biosensors. The size of the prepared particles Hemoglobin microbubbles was characterized using Coulter Counter analysis and was found to be 4.4 microns, and the morphology of these spherical microbubbles was shown using Brightfield microscopy. The binding chemistry of the sensor stack elements of HbMbs' and P.A.N.H.S. crosslinker was characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The electrochemical biosensor calibration (R2 > 0.95) was done using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Square Wave Voltammetry. The electrochemical biosensor calibration (R2 > 0.95) was done using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry, and Square Wave Voltammetry. The specificity of the sensor for H2O2 was analyzed using cross-reactivity studies using ascorbic acid and glucose as interferents (p < 0.0001 for the highest non-specific dose versus the lowest specific dose). The developed sensor showed good agreement in performance with a commercially available kit for H2O2 detection using Bland Altman Analysis (mean bias = 0.37 for E.I.S. and - 24.26 for CV). The diagnostic potential of the biosensor was further tested in cancerous (N.G.P.) and non-cancerous (H.E.K.) cell lysate for H2O2 detection (p = 0.0064 for E.I.S. and p = 0.0062 for CV). The Michaelis Menten constant calculated from the linear portion of the sensor was found to be [Formula: see text] of 19.44 µM indicating that our biosensor has a higher affinity to Hydrogen peroxide than other available enzymatic sensors, it is attributed to the unique design of the hemoglobin polymers in microbubble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antra Ganguly
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sugandha Chaudhary
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Shashank R Sirsi
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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Paul TK, Jalil MA, Repon MR, Alim MA, Islam T, Rahman ST, Paul A, Rhaman M. Mapping the Progress in Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis of Phytogenic Silver Nanoparticles with Colorimetric Sensing Applications. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300510. [PMID: 37471642 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is gaining enormous attention as the most dynamic research area in science and technology. It involves the synthesis and applications of nanomaterials in diverse fields including medical, agriculture, textiles, food technology, cosmetics, aerospace, electronics, etc. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in such applications due to their excellent physicochemical, antibacterial, and biological properties. The use of plant extract as a biological reactor is one of the most promising solutions for the synthesis of AgNPs because this process overcomes the drawbacks of physical and chemical methods. This review article summarizes the plant-mediated synthesis process, the probable reaction mechanism, and the colorimetric sensing applications of AgNPs. Plant-mediated synthesis parameters largely affect the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristic due to the changes in the size and shape of AgNPs. These changes in the size and shape of plant-mediated AgNPs are elaborately discussed here by analyzing the surface plasmon resonance characteristics. Furthermore, this article also highlights the promising applications of plant-mediated AgNPs in sensing applications regarding the detection of mercury, hydrogen peroxide, lead, and glucose. Finally, it describes the future perspective of plant-mediated AgNPs for the development of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Krishna Paul
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna, University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
- ZR Research Institute for Advanced Materials, Sherpur, 2100, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdul Jalil
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna, University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Md Reazuddin Repon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Nature Research Center, Akademijos g. 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, LT-51424, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna, University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
- ZR Research Institute for Advanced Materials, Sherpur, 2100, Bangladesh
| | - Tarekul Islam
- ZR Research Institute for Advanced Materials, Sherpur, 2100, Bangladesh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Tamjidur Rahman
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna, University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Ayon Paul
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna, University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mukitur Rhaman
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna, University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
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Manimaran K, Yuli Yanto DH, Kamaraj C, Selvaraj K, Pandiaraj S, M Elgorban A, Vignesh S, Kim H. Eco-friendly approaches of mycosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Pleurotus citrinopileatus mushroom extracts and their biological applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116319. [PMID: 37271436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This current study aims to develop a unique biomaterial that can fight against oxidative stress and microbial infections without causing any harm. As a result, an easy-to-make, environment-friendly, long-lasting, and non-toxic copper oxide nanoparticle (CuONP) was synthesized using an edible mushroom Pleurotus citrinopileatus extract. The UV-visa spectroscopy analyses reflected a sharp absorbance peak at 250 nm. The FTIR, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, and EDX instrumental tools were used to characterize the myco-produced CuONPs. The face-centred cubic (FCC) CuONPs were found to have diffraction peaks at the planes of (110), (002), (111), (112), (020), (202), (113), (310), (220), and (004). The HR-TEM result showed the particles having a spherical structure and an average nanoparticles size of 20 nm. The antimicrobial activity results expressed the broad spectrum of antibacterial effect and the better growth inhibition zone was recorded in P. aeruginosa (8.3 ± 0.1), E. coli (7.4 ± 0.3), K. pneumoniae (7.2 ± 0.1), S. aureus (7.1 ± 0.3), S. pneumoniae (6.3 ± 0.2), and B. cereus (6.2 ± 0.3). The cytotoxicity efficacy of myco-synthesized CuONPs tested against a cancer cell line (HT-29) observed the best result in low doses of mushroom extract (45.62 μg/mL). Based on the outcome of the study suggests that the mycosynthesized CuONPs using Pleurotus mushroom extract might serve as an alternative agent for biomedical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Manimaran
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), JI. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia; Department of Product Development, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Dede Heri Yuli Yanto
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), JI. Raya Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Selvaraj
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanmugam Vignesh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Haekyoung Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Afsharpour M, Kazemi B. Magnetically recoverable MoO3-based catalyst promoted with W-doped bio-graphene as an effective catalyst in oxidative desulfurization of fuel. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Jiang T, Huang J, Peng J, Wang Y, Du L. Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Aqueous Extract of Zanthoxylum nitidum and Its Herbicidal Activity against Bidens pilosa L. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101637. [PMID: 37242051 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been progressively acquiring attractiveness. In this study, the root of Zanthoxylum nitidum was used to synthesize Ag NPs, and its pre-emergence herbicidal activity was tested. The synthesized Ag NPs by the aqueous extract from Z. nitidum were characterized by visual inspection, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The plant-mediated synthesis was completed within 180 min and the Ag NPs exhibited a characteristic peak at around 445 nm. The results of the DLS measurement showed that the average hydrodynamic diameter was 96 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.232. XRD results indicated the crystalline nature of the phytogenic Ag NPs. A TEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical with an average particle size of 17 nm. An EDX spectrum confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal. Furthermore, the Ag NPs exhibited a herbicidal potential against the seed germination and seedling growth of Bidens Pilosa L. The present work indicates that Ag NPs synthesized by plant extract could have potential for the development of a new nanoherbicide for weed prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jieshi Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Liangwei Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Malik S, Khan A, Khan H, Rahman G, Ali N, Khan S, Sotomayor MDPT. Biomimetic Electrochemical Sensors Based on Core-Shell Imprinted Polymers for Targeted Sunset Yellow Estimation in Environmental Samples. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040429. [PMID: 37185506 PMCID: PMC10136464 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) contain the predesigned specialized recognition capability that can be chosen to build credible functional materials, that are easy to handle and have a good degree of specificity. Hence, the given piece of work is intended to design a novel electrochemical sensor incorporating magnetite-based molecularly imprinted polymers. The building materials consisted of a cross-linker (EGDMA), reaction-initiator (AIBN), monomer (methylene succinic acid-MSA), and template molecule (Sunset Yellow-SY dye). MMIPs exhibited a diameter of 57 nm with an irregular shape due to the presence of cavities based on SEM analysis. XRD patterns exhibited crystallinity, as well as amorphous peaks that are attributed to polymeric and non-polymeric frameworks of MMIPs. The crystallite size of the MMIPs from XRD analysis was found to be 16.28 nm based on the Debye-Scherrer's equation. Meanwhile, the FTIR bands showed the synthesis of MMIPs using monomer and methylene succinic acid. The sorption data at the optimized operating conditions (pH 2, sorbent dosage 3 mg, time 18 min) showed the highest sorption capacity of 40 mg/g. The obtained data best fitted to the Langmuir sorption isotherm and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The magneto-sensors were applied for ultrasensitive, rapid, and simple sensing of SY dye. The electrochemical experiments were run at the operating condition range of (scan rate 10-50 mV/s, tads 0-120 s, pH 5-9, potential range 1-1.5 V for CV and 1-1.3 V for SWAdASV). The linear range of detection was set to 1.51 × 10-6 M to 1.51 × 10-6 M posing LOD and LOQ values of 8.6242 × 10-5 M and 0.0002874 M, respectively. The regression analysis value for the calibration was found to be 0.950. Additionally, high adsorption efficiency, selectivity, reusability, and strong structural stability of the magneto-sensors showed potential use for SY detection in real samples. These characteristics make MMIPs a viable electrochemical substrate for the detection of chemical contaminants in the environment and in health-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Malik
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Gul Rahman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Ali
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Khan
- Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
- TecMARA, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Rimac 15333, Lima, Peru
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