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Wang M, Zeng F, Chen S, Wehrmann LM, Waugh S, Brownawell BJ, Gobler CJ, Mao X. Phosphorus attenuation and mobilization in sand filters treating onsite wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143042. [PMID: 39117085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of phosphorus (P) removal by sand filters is limited during septic tank effluent (STE) treatment. The elevated effluent P concentrations pose threats to drinking water quality and contribute to eutrophication. The concern of P leaching from sand filters is further exacerbated by the increased frequency of flooding and natural precipitation due to climate change. This study aimed to understand P attenuation and leaching dynamics, as well as the removal mechanisms in sand filters treating STE, offering insights into the design and implementation of P removal/recovery modules to onsite wastewater treatment systems. P attenuation and leaching during STE treatment and rainfall were studied in bench-scale columns (new vs. aged sand). At standard STE loading (1.2 gallon d-1 ft-2), 24-32% removal of total phosphorus (TP) was achieved, while increased P removal efficiency (35-53%) was observed at low loading (0.6 gallon d-1 ft-2) with influent containing 10.3-20.0 mg P L-1. Complete breakthroughs were observed in both aged (12-70 days) and new columns (27-73 days) at test hydraulic loadings. The maximum TP attenuation level was 20.6-45.3 mg P kg-1 and 25.3-33.0 mg P kg-1, in aged and new sand columns, respectively. When simulated rain was applied (15-60 mm h-1), 80-97% of the attenuated P leached out and the leaching dynamics were impacted by rainfall duration rather than the intensity. The highest concentrations of TP (15.6-15.9 mg L-1) were leached out from both columns within the first 2-6 h. Orthophosphate was the dominant P species in treated effluent (83-84%) and leachate (69-88%), demonstrating its significance as the major P form in the discharge. In addition, aged sand (>5 years) accumulated higher levels of Mg, Al, Ca, and Fe, thus enhancing the P attenuation level during STE treatment. Collectively, this study underscored the importance of frequent field monitoring for reliable long-term P removal estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Fanjian Zeng
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Laura M Wehrmann
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Stuart Waugh
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Bruce J Brownawell
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Xinwei Mao
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Liu S, Ju P, Song Y, Zheng Z, Sun M, Hao J, Xu L. Reconstructing a 300-year history of phosphorus cycle in west Chaohu Lake, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174647. [PMID: 38986699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities could significantly increase nutrients loading, especially phosphorus (P), into aquatic systems, leading to eutrophication and disturbance of ecosystems. Detailed investigation of P cycling and its controlling factors in modern lakes could help understand mechanisms behind eutrophication, thus provide suggestions for future environmental management. Here, we investigate evolution history of P and iron (Fe) cycling over the last ∼300 years in west Chaohu Lake, a typical eutrophic lake in East China. The combination of 210Pb-137Cs dating and elemental analysis demonstrates drastic escalation of P input and organic carbon burial since 1960s, coincided with the rapid growth of human population near this region. P phase partitioning data indicate that Fe-bound P (PFe) is the predominant P pool of sediments in Chaohu Lake, which also regulates the evolving trend of reactive P (Preac). Moreover, the highest fraction of PFe is consistent with observations via P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (P XANES). In addition, Fe speciation results show a principal contribution of Fe (hydr)oxides (Feox) and negligible presence of pyrite, suggesting a generally oxygenated depositional environment, where P could be preferentially sequestrated in sediments in association with Fe oxide minerals. Relatively high molar organic carbon/organic P (Corg/Porg) but low Corg/Preac ratios also support limited recycling of Preac in west Chaohu Lake. This study reveals that human activities play an important role in leading to the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake. Future environmental management could utilize the coupling of P and Fe oxides to remove P from water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Pengcheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shannxi, China
| | - Yafang Song
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhangqin Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jihua Hao
- Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Liqiang Xu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China.
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Tian HR, Zhang XT, Zhao LL, Peng SC, Wang JZ, Chen YH. Variations in the concentration, inventory, source, and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Lake Chaohu. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116188. [PMID: 38402697 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the ecological risk assessment of PAHs pollution, the existing S-T model was improved and applied to this PAHs pollution assessment in surface sediment in Lake Chaohu. The potential sources and contributions of PAHs in the surface sediment were estimated by molecular diagnostic ratio (MDR) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The results showed that the average concentration of 16 priority PAHs in the surface sediment was 718.16 ng/g in 2009 and 334.67 ng/g in 2020. In 2020, PAHs concentration has decreased compared to 2009 and the dominant composition has changed from high- to low-molecular-weight PAHs. The estimated PAHs mass inventory of the top 2 cm surface sediment was 2712 tons in 2009 and 1263 tons in 2020. Ecosystem risk assessment by improved S-T models suggested that the overall ecosystem risk of the studied regions was acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Tian
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xi-Tao Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | | | - Shu-Chuan Peng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Ji-Zhong Wang
- Guangzhou GRG Metrology & Test (Hefei) Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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