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Song L, Wang B, Li J, Wang T, Li W, Xu X, Feng T, Yang H, Hou L. A self-cleaning photocatalytic membrane loaded with Bi 2O 2CO 3/In(OH) 3 S-scheme heterojunction composites for removing tetracycline from aqueous solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 671:664-679. [PMID: 38820850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Bi2O2CO3/In(OH)3 (BON) photocatalysts were synthesized by a one-pot method and loaded onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes to obtain a Bi2O2CO3/In(OH)3/PVDF (BON-M) catalytic membrane system. The catalytic membranes demonstrated complete degradation of tetracycline within 40 min under visible light. They demonstrated robust photocatalytic activity across a broad pH range (5-11) and in the presence of coexisting ions. The membranes demonstrated excellent self-cleaning performance. Following exposure to light, the irreversible contamination decreased from 27.1% to 4.7% and the membrane's permeability was almost completely restored. Moreover, the charge transfer mechanism at the S-scheme heterojunction interface of BON was demonstrated by Density functional theory and in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy characterisation, and the active sites involved in tetracycline's degradation were identified. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the "anemone effect" of BON-M was demonstrated in conjunction with Electron paramagnetic resonance, and the intrinsic Some factors enhancing the membranes' photocatalytic activity are specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenjia Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Taotao Feng
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huaikai Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li'an Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Chen A, Zhang T, Cheng F, Yang H, Guo Z, Zhao S, Zhang YN, Qu J. Comprehensive analysis and risk assessment of Antibiotic contaminants, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and resistance genes: Patterns, drivers, and implications in the Songliao Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 361:124852. [PMID: 39216670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The pervasive use of antibiotics has raised substantial environmental concerns, especially regarding their temporal and spatial distribution across diverse water systems. This study addressed the gap in comprehensive research on antibiotic contamination during different hydrological periods, focusing on the Jilin section of the Songliao Basin in Northeast China, an area with severe winter ice cover. The study examined the occurrence, distribution, influencing factors, and potential ecological risks of prevalent antibiotic contaminants. Findings revealed antibiotic concentrations ranging from 239.64 to 965.81 ng/L, with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) at 5.22 × 10-2 16S rRNA-1 and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) up to 5.76 log10 CFU/mL. Ecological risk assessments identified significant risks to algae from oxytetracycline, erythromycin, and amoxicillin. Redundancy analysis and co-occurrence networks with ordinary least squares (OLS) demonstrated that the dispersion of ARGs and ARB is significantly influenced by environmental factors such as total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), fluoride (F⁻), and nitrate (NO₃⁻). These elements, along with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), play crucial roles in ARG patterns (R2 = 0.94, p ≤ 0.01). This investigation offers foundational insights into antibiotic pollution dynamics in cold climates, supporting the development of targeted mitigation strategies for aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjie Chen
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zhengfeng Guo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
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3
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Wang J, Yu Y, Jiang J, Li B, Xie W, Li G, Song H, Zhai W, Li Y. Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics and Resistance Genes in Water Sources of Wuhan. TOXICS 2024; 12:507. [PMID: 39058158 PMCID: PMC11280968 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In contemporary society, the improper use of antibiotics leads to their persistent presence in the ecological environment. Due to the diverse physical and chemical properties of antibiotics, their spatial and temporal distribution in the environment varies. Moreover, antibiotics can stimulate the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which complicates the monitoring and regulation of antibiotics and poses a significant threat to both aquatic and terrestrial environments. This study investigated the distribution of 15 antibiotics and 11 typical ARGs across four categories at 19 sites of drinking water sources in Wuhan, China. The findings revealed that the concentration of antibiotics during the dry season (nd~61,883 ng/L) was significantly higher compared to both the normal water season (nd~49,883 ng/L) and the wet season (nd~28,686 ng/L). Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamethoxazole (SMD), sulfadiazine (SD), and roxithromycin (RTM) were the predominant antibiotics in the target water environments. The study indicated that most of the antibiotics analyzed posed little to no risk to aquatic organisms. The primary ARGs detected in the surface water of the study area were sul1, qnrD, and tetO. Furthermore, some ARGs showed a negative correlation with their respective antibiotics. Additional research is necessary to evaluate the impact of these emerging pollutants (antibiotics and ARGs) on the safety of high-quality drinking water for residents in Wuhan City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- Wuhan Lingang Economic and Technological Development Zone Service Industry Development Investment Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China;
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiayi Jiang
- Powerchina Eco-Environmental Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518102, China;
| | - Bolin Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Weimin Xie
- Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430010, China;
| | - Gezi Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Huanjie Song
- Wuhan Lingang Economic and Technological Development Zone Service Industry Development Investment Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430040, China;
| | - Wanying Zhai
- Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Changjiang Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430010, China;
| | - Ye Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
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4
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Lin H, Li R, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Yuan Q, Luo Y. Enhanced sensitivity of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to environmental concentrations of antibiotic. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142434. [PMID: 38797215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
As emerging contaminants, antibiotics are frequently present in various environments, particularly rivers, albeit often at sublethal concentrations (ng/L∼μg/L). Assessing the risk associated with these low levels, which are far below the lethal threshold for most organisms, remains challenging. In this study, using microcosms containing planktonic bacteria and biofilm, we examined how antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different physical states, including intracellular ARGs (iARGs) and extracellular ARGs (eARGs) responded to these low-level antibiotics. Our findings reveal a positive correlation between sub-lethal antibiotic exposure (ranging from 0.1 to 10 μg/L) and increased prevalence (measured as ARG copies/16s rDNA) of both iARGs and eARGs in planktonic bacteria. Notably, eARGs demonstrated greater sensitivity to antibiotic exposure compared to iARGs, with a lower threshold (0.1 μg/L for eARGs versus 1 μg/L for iARGs) for abundance increase. Moreover, ARGs in biofilms demonstrates higher sensitivity to antibiotic exposure compared to planktonic bacteria. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we established an integrated population dynamics-pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PD-PP) model. This model indicates that the enhanced sensitivity of eARGs is primarily driven by an increased potential for plasmid release from cells under low antibiotic concentrations. Furthermore, the accumulation of antibiotic in biofilms induces a greater sensitivity of ARG compared to the planktonic bacteria. This study provides a fresh perspective on the development of antibiotic resistance and offers an innovative approach for assessing the risk of sublethal antibiotic in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shen Zhen, 518000, China
| | - Ruiqing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qingbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Li L, Zhou M, Yu M, Ren X, Li L, Shen C, Deng C, Liu Y, Yang B. Correlation between the development of phage resistance and the original antibiotic resistance of host bacteria under the co-exposure of antibiotic and bacteriophage. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118921. [PMID: 38631474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses capable of regulating the proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). However, phages that directly cause host lethality may quickly select for phage resistant bacteria, and the co-evolutionary trade-offs under varying environmental conditions, including the presence of antibiotics, remains unclear as to their impact on phage and antibiotic resistance. Here, we report the emergence of phage resistance in three distinct E. coli strains with varying resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, treated with different ampicillin (AMP) concentrations. Hosts exhibiting stronger antibiotic resistance demonstrated a higher propensity to develop and maintain stable phage resistance. When exposed to polyvalent phage KNT-1, the growth of AMP-sensitive E. coli K12 was nearly suppressed within 18 h, while the exponential growth of AMP-resistant E. coli TEM and super-resistant E. coli NDM-1 was delayed by 12 h and 8 h, respectively. The mutation frequency and mutated colony count of E. coli NDM-1 were almost unaffected by co-existing AMP, whereas for E. coli TEM and K12, these metrics significantly decreased with increasing AMP concentration from 8 to 50 μg/mL, becoming unquantifiable at 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, the fitness costs of phage resistance mutation and its impact on initial antibiotic resistance in bacteria were further examined, through analyzing AMP susceptibility, biofilm formation and EPS secretion of the isolated phage resistant mutants. The results indicated that acquiring phage resistance could decrease antibiotic resistance, particularly for hosts lacking strong antibiotic resistance. The ability of mutants to form biofilm contributes to antibiotic resistance, but the correlation is not entirely positive, while the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), especially the protein content, plays a crucial role in protecting the bacteria from both antibiotic and phage exposure. This study explores phage resistance development in hosts with different antibiotic resistance and helps to understand the limitations and possible solutions of phage-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China.
| | - Mengya Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Ming Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Xu Ren
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of City Solid Waste Energy and Building Materials Conversion and Utilization Technology, Chengdu, 610065, PR China
| | - Linzhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Chunjun Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Chunping Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
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6
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Loos R, Daouk S, Marinov D, Gómez L, Porcel-Rodríguez E, Sanseverino I, Amalric L, Potalivo M, Calabretta E, Ferenčík M, Colzani L, DellaVedova L, Amendola L, Saurini M, Di Girolamo F, Lardy-Fontan S, Sengl M, Kunkel U, Svahn O, Weiss S, De Martin S, Gelao V, Bazzichetto M, Tarábek P, Stipaničev D, Repec S, Zacs D, Ricci M, Golovko O, Flores C, Ramani S, Rebane R, Rodríguez JA, Lettieri T. Summary recommendations on "Analytical methods for substances in the Watch List under the Water Framework Directive". THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168707. [PMID: 37992820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The Watch List (WL) is a monitoring program under the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) to obtain high-quality Union-wide monitoring data on potential water pollutants for which scarce monitoring data or data of insufficient quality are available. The main purpose of the WL data collection is to determine if the substances pose a risk to the aquatic environment at EU level and subsequently to decide whether a threshold, the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) should be set for them and, potentially to be listed as priority substance in the WFD. The first WL was established in 2015 and contained 10 individual or groups of substances while the 4th WL was launched in 2022. The results of monitoring the substances of the first WL showed that some countries had difficulties to reach an analytical Limit of Quantification (LOQ) below or equal to the Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNEC) or EQS. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) organised a series of workshops to support the EU Member States (MS) and their activities under the WFD. Sharing the knowledge among the Member States on the analytical methods is important to deliver good data quality. The outcome and the discussion engaged with the experts are described in this paper, and in addition a literature review of the most important publications on the analysis of 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, metaflumizone, fipronil, metformin, and guanylurea from the last years is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Loos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | | | - Livia Gómez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Ferenčík
- Povodí Labe, státní podnik, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Luisa Colzani
- ARPA Lombardia, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lombardy Region, Italy
| | - Luisa DellaVedova
- ARPA Lombardia, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lombardy Region, Italy
| | - Luca Amendola
- ARPA Lazio, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lazio Region, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Saurini
- ARPA Lazio, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lazio Region, Italy
| | | | - Sophie Lardy-Fontan
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), France
| | | | - Uwe Kunkel
- Bavarian Environment Agency (LfU), Germany
| | - Ola Svahn
- Kristianstad University, MoLab, Sweden
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Federal Environment Agency, Umweltbundesamt (GmbH), Austria
| | - Stefano De Martin
- ARPA FVG, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Vito Gelao
- ARPA FVG, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Michele Bazzichetto
- ARPA FVG, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Peter Tarábek
- Water Research Institute (VÚVH), National Water Reference Laboratory, Slovakia
| | | | - Siniša Repec
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer Water Institute, Central Water Laboratory, Croatia
| | - Dzintars Zacs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Latvia
| | - Marina Ricci
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | - Cintia Flores
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory/Organic Pollutants, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Spain
| | | | - Riin Rebane
- Estonian Environmental Research Centre, Estonia
| | - Juan Alández Rodríguez
- Área de Vigilancia y Control de Calidad de las Aguas, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, Spain
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Wu K, Cui K, Huang Y, Yu K, Chen X, Li CX, Chen Y. Degree of human activity exert differentiated influence on conventional and emerging pollutants in drinking water source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7214-7226. [PMID: 38157162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution poses a significant threat to drinking water sources worldwide. Previous studies have focused on the occurrence of pollutants in drinking water sources, but the impact of human activities on different types of pollutants in drinking water sources is still unclear. In this study, we chose the upper reaches of the Dongjiang River (URDR) as a case study to investigate the distribution characteristics of conventional pollutants, pesticides, and antibiotics along the gradient of human intervention. Our findings reveal that human activities can effect both conventional pollutants and emerging pollutants in the URDR to varying degrees. The escalation of human activities correlates with a rising trend in conventional pollutants, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Notably, only C1 (terrestrial humus) in dissolved organic matter (DOM) exhibits this increasing pattern. Pesticide and antibiotic concentrations are highest in areas with moderate and high levels of human activity, respectively, and the degree of eutrophication of drinking water closely follows the gradient of human activity. Our results also indicate that most pesticides pose a significant risk in the URDR, particularly pyrethroid pesticides (PYRs). Out of all antibiotics, only Norfloxacin (NFX) and Penicillin G (PENG) are classified as high-risk, with NFX exhibiting significant variation across different degrees of human activity. C1 and TP were the most important factors affecting the distribution of organophosphorus (OPPs) and PYRs, respectively. In conclusion, varying degrees of human activity exert differentiated influences on conventional and emerging pollutants in drinking water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Kangping Cui
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yuansheng Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Kaifeng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment of Anhui Province, Institute of Industry and Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China.
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