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Khan RS, Rather AH, Wani TU, Rather SU, Amna T, Hassan MS, Sheikh FA. Recent trends using natural polymeric nanofibers as supports for enzyme immobilization and catalysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:22-40. [PMID: 36169115 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
All the disciplines of science, especially biotechnology, have given continuous attention to the area of enzyme immobilization. However, the structural support made by material science intervention determines the performance of immobilized enzymes. Studies have proven that nanostructured supports can maintain better catalytic performance and improve immobilization efficiency. The recent trends in the application of nanofibers using natural polymers for enzyme immobilization have been addressed in this review article. A comprehensive survey about the immobilization strategies and their characteristics are highlighted. The natural polymers, e.g., chitin, chitosan, silk fibroin, gelatin, cellulose, and their blends with other synthetic polymers capable of immobilizing enzymes in their 1D nanofibrous form, are discussed. The multiple applications of enzymes immobilized on nanofibers in biocatalysis, biosensors, biofuels, antifouling, regenerative medicine, biomolecule degradation, etc.; some of these are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumysa S Khan
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Anjum H Rather
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Taha U Wani
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sami-Ullah Rather
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Touseef Amna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Shamshi Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Nanostructured and Biomimetic Lab, Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Kuang L, Zhang Q, Li J, Tian H. An Electrospun Sandwich-Type Lipase-Membrane Bioreactor for Hydrolysis at Macroscopic Oil-Water Interfaces. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:584-591. [PMID: 34788030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The core task for lipase catalytic system design is to construct a suitable oil-water interface for lipase distribution. In comparison to the micro-oil-water interface, the macro-oil-water interface (top oil-bottom water) served as a simplified lipase catalytic system that is more in line with industrial applications but limited in catalytic efficiency. Based on the assumption that one potential carrier can help lipase reach to the macro-oil-water interface, in the current work, sandwich-type lipase-membrane bioreactors (SLMBs) fabricated by a facile layer-by-layer electrospinning process were reported. These SLMBs were composed of a hydrophilic polyamide 6 nanofibrous membrane (NFM) as the bottom layer, a blended electrospun lipase/PVA NFM as the middle layer, and a hydrophobic EC/PU NFM as the top layer. The lipase loading can be controlled by altering the electrospinning time of the middle layer. Under the optimized conditions, the catalytic efficiency of the SLMBs was 2.05 times higher than that of free lipase. In addition, the SLMBs exhibit much better pH (high activity over a broad pH range of 5-10), temperature (retained 62% at 80 °C), storage stability (no loss of activity after being stored at 4 °C for 11 days), and reusability (retained 23% after five cycles) than free lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kuang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huafeng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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Kuang L, Zhang Q, Li J, Tian H. Preparation of Lipase-Electrospun SiO 2 Nanofiber Membrane Bioreactors and Their Targeted Catalytic Ability at the Macroscopic Oil-Water Interface. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8362-8369. [PMID: 32649192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipase is one of the most widely used enzymes in biocatalysis. Because of the special structure of the catalytic active center, lipases show high catalytic activity at oil-water interfaces. Hence, the interface plays a key role in activating and modulating lipase biocatalysis. Compared with traditional catalytic systems that offer interfaces, such as emulsions, a lipase-membrane bioreactor exhibits many obvious advantages when at the macroscopic oil-water system. In our current research, a series of new Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BCL)-SiO2 nanofiber membrane (NFM) bioreactors prepared via combined electrospinning and immobilization strategies were reported. These SiO2 NFMs assisted BCL in reaching the oil-water interface for efficient catalysis. The enzyme loading capacity and catalytic efficiency of BCL-SiO2 NFMs varied with the surface hydrophobicity of the electrospun NFMs. As the hydrophobicity increased, the activity decreased from 2.43-fold to 0.74-fold that of free BCL. However, the lipase-loading capacity increased obviously when the hydrophobicity of the SiO2 NFMs increased from 0 to 143°, and no significant change was observed when the hydrophobicity of the SiO2 NFMs increased from 143 to 153°. The gel trapping technique proved that the hydrolytic activity of the different BCL-SiO2 NFM bioreactors depends on the contact area of the membrane at the oil-water interface. BCL-SiO2 NFM, BCL-SiO2 NFM-C12, and BCL-SiO2 NFM-C18 retained 32, 83, and 42% of activity, respectively, after five cycles of reuse. The current work was a useful exploration of the construction and modification of lipase-membrane reactors based on electrospun inorganic silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kuang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huafeng Tian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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Zhu XY, Chen C, Chen PC, Gao QL, Fang F, Li J, Huang XJ. High-performance enzymatic membrane bioreactor based on a radial gradient of pores in a PSF membrane via facile enzyme immobilization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25602j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow fiber polysulfone membranes with perfect radial gradient distributed pores were selected as substrates, and subsequently the enzyme-immobilization process was achieved by filtration and crosslinking, to finally construct an enhanced EMBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Chen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Peng-Cheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Qiao-Ling Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Fei Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Jing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Silk-Cocoon Matrix Immobilized Lipase Catalyzed Transesterification of Sunflower Oil for Production of Biodiesel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/868535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel from sunflower oil using lipase chemically immobilized on silk-cocoon matrix in a packed-bed bioreactor was investigated. The immobilization was demonstrated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and activity study. The lipase loading was 738.74 U (~0.01 g lipase powder)/g-lipase-immobilized matrix. The Km (Michaelis-Menten constant) of the free and the immobilized lipase was 451.26 μM and 257.26 μM, respectively. Low Km value of the immobilized lipase is attributed to the hydrophobic nature of the matrix that facilitated the substrate diffusion to the enzyme surface. The biodiesel yield of 81.62% was obtained at 48 hours reaction time, 6 : 1 methanol : oil ratio (v/v), and 30°C. The immobilized lipase showed high operational stability at 30°C. The substrate conversion was only marginally decreased till third cycle (each of 48 hours duration) of the reaction since less than even 5% of the original activity was decreased in each of the second and third cycle. The findings demonstrated the potential of the silk-cocoon as lipase immobilization matrix for industrial production of biodiesel.
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Gupta S, Bhattacharya A, Murthy C. Tune to immobilize lipases on polymer membranes: Techniques, factors and prospects. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Preparation of hydrophilic polymeric nanolayers attached to solid surfaces via photochemical and ATRP techniques. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Immobilization studies and biochemical properties of free and immobilized Candida Rugosa lipase onto hydrophobic group carrying polymeric support. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Goswami D, Basu JK, De S. Lipase applications in oil hydrolysis with a case study on castor oil: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:81-96. [PMID: 22676042 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.672319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase) is a unique enzyme which can catalyze various types of reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, alcoholysis etc. In particular, hydrolysis of vegetable oil with lipase as a catalyst is widely studied. Free lipase, lipase immobilized on suitable support, lipase encapsulated in a reverse micelle and lipase immobilized on a suitable membrane to be used in membrane reactor are the most common ways of employing lipase in oil hydrolysis. Castor oil is a unique vegetable oil as it contains high amounts (90%) of a hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid named ricinoleic acid. This industrially important acid can be obtained by hydrolysis of castor oil. Different conventional hydrolysis processes have certain disadvantages which can be avoided by a lipase-catalyzed process. The degree of hydrolysis varies widely for different lipases depending on the operating range of process variables such as temperature, pH and enzyme loading. Immobilization of lipase on a suitable support can enhance hydrolysis by suppressing thermal inactivation and estolide formation. The presence of metal ions also affects lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of castor oil. Even a particular ion has different effects on the activity of different lipases. Hydrophobic organic solvents perform better than hydrophilic solvents during the reaction. Sonication considerably increases hydrolysis in case of lipolase. The effects of additives on the same lipase vary with their types. Nonionic surfactants enhance hydrolysis whereas cationic and anionic surfactants decrease it. A single variable optimization method is used to obtain optimum conditions. In order to eliminate its disadvantages, a statistical optimization method is used in recent studies. Statistical optimization shows that interactions between any two of the following pH, enzyme concentration and buffer concentration become significant in presence of a nonionic surfactant named Span 80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Goswami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Gupta S, Ingole P, Singh K, Bhattacharya A. Comparative study of the hydrolysis of different oils by lipase-immobilized membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Overview of fungal lipase: a review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:486-520. [PMID: 22072143 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipases (triacylglycerolacyl hydrolases, EC3.1.1.3) are class of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides. In this review paper, an overview regarding the fungal lipase production, purification, and application is discussed. The review describes various industrial applications of lipase in pulp and paper, food, detergent, and textile industries. Some important lipase-producing fungal genera include Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Candida, etc. Current fermentation process techniques such as batch, fed-batch, and continuous mode of lipase production in submerged and solid-state fermentations are discussed in details. The purification of lipase by hydrophobic interaction chromatography is also discussed. The development of mathematical models applied to lipase production is discussed with special emphasis on lipase engineering.
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Gupta S, Singh K, Bhattacharya A. Lipase immobilization on Polysulfone globules and their performances in olive oil hydrolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 46:445-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Huang XJ, Yu AG, Xu ZK. Covalent immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa onto poly(acrylonitrile-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) electrospun fibrous membranes for potential bioreactor application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:5459-5465. [PMID: 18248984 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple way of fabricating enzymatic membrane reactor with high enzyme loading and activity retention from the conjugation between nanofibrous membrane and lipase was devised. Poly(acrylonitrile-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PANCHEMA) was electrospun into fibrous membrane and used as support for enzyme immobilization. The hydroxyl groups on the fibrous membrane surface were activated with epichlorohydrin, cyanuric chloride or p-benzoquinone, respectively. Lipase from Candida rugosa was covalently immobilized on these fibrous membranes. The resulted bioactive fibrous membranes were examined in catalytic efficiency and activity for hydrolysis. The observed enzyme loading on the fibrous membrane with fiber diameter of 80-150 nm was up to 1.6% (wt/wt), which was as thrice as that on the fibrous membrane with fiber diameter of 800-1,000 nm. Activity retention for the immobilized lipase varied between 32.5% and 40.6% with the activation methods of hydroxyl groups. Stabilities of the immobilized lipase were obviously improved. In addition, continuous hydrolysis was carried out with an enzyme-immobilized fibrous membrane bioreactor and a steady hydrolysis conversion (3.6%) was obtained at a 0.23 mL/min flow rate under optimum condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Yang Q, Tian J, Hu MX, Xu ZK. Construction of a comb-like glycosylated membrane surface by a combination of UV-induced graft polymerization and surface-initiated ATRP. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:6684-90. [PMID: 17497813 DOI: 10.1021/la700275t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate residues are found on the extracellular side of the cell membrane. They form a protective coating on the outer surface of the cell and are involved in intercellular recognition. Synthetic carbohydrate-based polymers, so-called glycopolymers, are emerging as important well-defined tools for investigating carbohydrate-based biological processes and for simulating various functions of carbohydrates. In this work, the surface of a polypropylene microporous membrane (PPMM) was modified with comb-like glycopolymer brushes by a combination of UV-induced graft polymerization and surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was first grafted to the PPMM surface under UV irradiation in the presence of benzophenone and ferric chloride. ATRP initiator was then coupled to the hydroxyl groups of poly(HEMA) brushes. Surface-initiated ATRP of a glycomonomer, D-gluconamidoethyl methacrylate, was followed at ambient temperature in aqueous solvent. Water had a significant acceleration effect on the ATRP process; however, loss of control over the polymerization process was also observed. The addition of CuBr2 to the ATRP system largely increased the controllability at the cost of the polymerization rate. The grafting of HEMA, the coupling of ATRP initiator to the hydroxyl groups, and the surface-initiated ATRP were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Abrol K, Qazi GN, Ghosh AK. Characterization of an anion-exchange porous polypropylene hollow fiber membrane for immobilization of ABL lipase. J Biotechnol 2007; 128:838-48. [PMID: 17316862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hollow fiber membrane offers the advantage to integrate catalytic conversion, product separation and catalyst recovery into a single separation process compared to conventional systems. Polypropylene (PP) hollow fiber membrane is a chemically inert and stable membrane with high potential for enzyme immobilization. The surface properties of polypropylene have been modified by radiation induced graft polymerization. Samples were prepared by grafting of glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) using gamma radiation, at different monomer concentrations and irradiation dose. The resulting epoxy was converted into a diethylamino group as an anion-exchange medium to bind the lipase molecules. Surface properties of the grafted and amine treated samples were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurements. AFM revealed higher surface roughness for grafted samples than that of virgin polymer. SEM micrographs illustrated that the porous network was retained at high degree of grafting. Contact angle measurements showed excellent wetting properties with water for the grafted and amine treated membranes. Thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetic analysis (TGA). It was observed that grafting occurred mainly in the amorphous region of the membranes. Activity and operational stability of ABL lipase, isolated from Arthobacter sp. were assayed after immobilizing it to the modified PP hollow fiber. Immobilized lipase retained 20U/g activity after ten hydrolysis cycles and 68% residual activity after 12 weeks of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Abrol
- Centre for Polymer Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India.
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Pujari N, Vaidya B, Bagalkote S, Ponrathnam S, Nene S. Poly(urethane methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate)-supported-polypropylene biphasic membrane for lipase immobilization. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2005; 22:1249-56. [PMID: 16320446 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yang Q, Xu ZK, Hu MX, Li JJ, Wu J. Novel Sequence for Generating Glycopolymer Tethered on a Membrane Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:10717-23. [PMID: 16262342 DOI: 10.1021/la051797g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates, usually binding with other biomacromolecules (such as lipids and proteins), are involved in numerous biological functions, including cellular recognition, adhesion, cell growth regulation, and inflammation. Synthetic carbohydrate-based polymers, so-called glycopolymers, are emerging as important well-defined tools for investigating carbohydrate-based biological processes and for simulating various functions of carbohydrates. In this study, a novel two-step sequence for the generation of a glycopolymer layer tethered on a polypropylene microporous membrane is described. First, a UV-induced graft polymerization of 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (AEMA) was carried out on the membrane to generate an amino-functionalized surface, and the effects of polymerization factors (monomer/initiator concentration and UV irradiation time) on the grafting density were studied. Second, sugar moieties were bound with the grafted functional layer to form glycopolymer by the reaction between the amino groups on the membrane surface and carbohydrate lactones. Chemical analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with surface morphology observation by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the graft polymerization of AEMA and the formation of glycopolymer. The decreases of water contact angle and protein adsorption on the membrane revealed the enhancement of hydrophilicity and protein resistance due to the typical characteristics of the glycopolymer tethered on the surface. These results indicated that the novel sequence reported in this work is a facile process to form glycopolymer-modified surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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