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Ju X, Chen T, Ding Y, Yu D, Zhang J, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Wang X, Xu T, Li J. Effects of Rhizopus- arrhizus-31-Assisted Pretreatment on the Extraction and Bioactivity of Total Flavonoids from Hibiscus manihot L. Molecules 2024; 29:1046. [PMID: 38474558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hibiscus manihot L. (HML) Medic, an edible hibiscus of the Malvaceae family, is abundant with flavonoids. The study investigated how Rhizopus-arrhizus-31-assisted pretreatment affects the extraction and bioactivity of flavonoids from HML. The fiber structure of the fermented flavonoid sample (RFF) appears looser, more porous, and more disordered than the unfermented flavonoid sample (RUF). RFF demonstrates milder conditions and yields higher extraction rates. According to the Box-Behnken response surface optimization experiment, the optimal conditions for RFF include a material-liquid ratio of 1:41 g/mL, a 2 h extraction time, a 57% ethanol concentration, and an extraction temperature of 800 °C, resulting in a 3.69% extraction yield, which is 39.25% higher than that of RUF. Additionally, RFF exhibits greater activity than RUF in the radical-scavenging system. The IC50 values for DPPH, OH, and ABTS radicals are 83.43 μg/mL and 82.62 μg/mL, 208.38 μg/mL and 175.99 μg/mL, and 108.59 μg/mL and 75.39 μg/mL for RUF and RFF, respectively. UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of the active components in the HML flavonoid sample revealed significant differences in the chromatograms of RUF and RFF, indicating that biofermentation led to substantial changes in composition and content from HML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Ju
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Suqian Product Quality Supervision and Testing Istitute, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Yutao Ding
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Dan Yu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiayou Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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Multi-Level Optimization and Strategies in Microbial Biotransformation of Nature Products. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062619. [PMID: 36985591 PMCID: PMC10051863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuously growing demand for natural products with pharmacological activities has promoted the development of microbial transformation techniques, thereby facilitating the efficient production of natural products and the mining of new active compounds. Furthermore, due to the shortcomings and defects of microbial transformation, it is an important scientific issue of social and economic value to improve and optimize microbial transformation technology in increasing the yield and activity of transformed products. In this review, the aspects regarding the optimization of fermentation and the cross-disciplinary strategy, leading to the microbial transformation of increased levels of the high-efficiency process from natural products of a plant or microbial origin, were discussed. Additionally, due to the increasing craving for targeted and efficient methods for detecting transformed metabolites, analytical methods based on multiomics were also discussed. Such strategies can be well exploited and applied to the production of more efficient and more natural products from microbial resources.
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Wang H, Li Y, Min Y, Zhang H, Hao L, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Song Y. Preparation and properties of Pue-loaded HA-ADH-PS nanomicelles. Des Monomers Polym 2021; 24:1-12. [PMID: 33536833 PMCID: PMC7832032 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2020.1860481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin (Pue) is the most abundant isoflavonoid in kudzu root. It has been widely used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, poor-bioavailability of puerarin is the main obstacle to its widespread clinical applications. In this paper, HA-ADH-PS nanomicelles were prepared by chemical modification, noncovalent modification and etc, and characterized by means of FT-IR, ultraviolet (UV) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of Pue-loaded HA-ADH-PS nanomicelles were 45.1% and 19.89% by UV, respectively. It could be observed from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images that HA-ADH-PS micelles appeared obvious spherical structure in the water. The particle size of HA-ADH-PS nanomicelles and Pue-loaded HA-ADH-PS nanomicelles were about 136.8 nm and 119.5 nm with a PDI of 0.237 and 0.272, respectively. The fluorescence probe method was used to characterize the critical micelle concentration, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of the nanomicells was 0.002 g/L and the results met the requirements and ensured the stability of micelles after dilution. DPPH assay suggested that Pue-loaded HA-ADH-PS nanomicelles had an obvious radical scavenging effect in vitro. MTT test showed that Pue-loaded HA-ADH-PS nanomicelles was non-toxic and had good biocompatibility. Thus, Pue-loaded HA-ADH-PS nanomicelles could be used as a potential drug carrier for puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Min
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao P.R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- College of Marines Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R., China
| | - Linkun Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao P.R. China.,College of Marines Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R., China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao P.R. China.,College of Marines Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R., China
| | - Yunying Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao P.R. China.,College of Marines Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R., China
| | - Yimin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao P.R. China
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Naturally Occurring Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids and Their Microbial Transformation: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215112. [PMID: 33153224 PMCID: PMC7663748 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites usually produced by plants adapting to changing ecological environments over a long period of time. Therefore, their biosynthesis pathways are considered as the most distinctive natural product pathway in plants. Seemingly, the flavonoids and isoflavones from fungi and actinomycetes have been relatively overlooked. In this review, we summarized and classified the isoflavones and flavonoids derived from fungi and actinomycetes and described their biological activities. Increasing attention has been paid to bioactive substances derived from microorganism whole-cell biotransformation. Additionally, we described the utilization of isoflavones and flavonoids as substrates by fungi and actinomycetes for biotransformation through hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, glycosylation, dehydrogenation, cyclisation, and hydrogenation reactions to obtain rare and highly active biofunctional derivatives. Overall, among all microorganisms, actinomycetes are the main producers of flavonoids. In our review, we also summarized the functional genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Huang Q, Zhang H, Xue D. Enhancement of the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities of Puerariae radix by fermentation with Aspergillus niger. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1117-1124. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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6
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Sordon S, Popłoński J, Milczarek M, Stachowicz M, Tronina T, Kucharska AZ, Wietrzyk J, Huszcza E. Structure-Antioxidant-Antiproliferative Activity Relationships of Natural C7 and C7-C8 Hydroxylated Flavones and Flavanones. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E210. [PMID: 31284642 PMCID: PMC6680932 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Common food flavonoids: chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, diosmetin, pinocembrin, naringenin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, and their analogues with an additional hydroxyl group at the C-8 position obtained via biotransformation were tested for antioxidant activity using the ABTS, DPPH, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. They were also tested for antiproliferative activity against selected human cancer cell lines-MV-4-11 (biphenotypic B myelomonocytic leukemia), MCF7 (breast carcinoma), LoVo (colon cancer), LoVo/DX (colon cancer doxorubicin resistant), and DU 145 (prostate cancer)-and two normal human cell lines-MCF 10A (breast cells) and HLMEC (lung microvascular endothelial cells). Flavonoids with a C7-C8 catechol moiety indicated much higher antioxidant activity compared with the C7 hydroxy analogues. However, because they were unstable under the assay conditions, they did not show antiproliferative activity or it was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sordon
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Popłoński
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Stachowicz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Z Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Huszcza
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Rauter AP, Lopes RG, Martins A. C-Glycosylflavonoids: Identification, Bioactivity and Synthesis. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Glycosylflavonoids are a group of compounds widespread in nature which have gained much interest due to their biological properties. This review focuses on the research of the last ten years concerning detection and structural characterization of C-glycosylflavonoids, their bioactivities and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia P. Rauter
- Departmento de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edificio C8, 5° Piso Campo Grande1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui G. Lopes
- Departmento de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edificio C8, 5° Piso Campo Grande1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- Departmento de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edificio C8, 5° Piso Campo Grande1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Extraction and isolation of potential anti-stroke compounds from flowers of Pueraria lobata guided by in vitro PC12 cell model. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1048:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Cao H, Chen X, Jassbi AR, Xiao J. Microbial biotransformation of bioactive flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:214-223. [PMID: 25447420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Wang S, Liu G, Zhang W, Cai N, Cheng C, Ji Y, Sun L, Zhan J, Yuan S. Efficient glycosylation of puerarin by an organic solvent-tolerant strain of Lysinibacillus fusiformis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 57:42-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Kan S, Lin H, Li J, Shao L, Chen D. Biotransformation of Salvianolic acid B by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum and Its Two Degradation Routes. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting cells of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cucumerinum ( F. oxsporum) were used for the biotransformation of salvianolic acid B (Sal B). Three transformed products, isolithospermic acid, prolithospermic acid and danshensu, were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. The stability of the two ester bonds of Sal B was studied and two degradation routes were found. In the biotransformation system, Sal B was transformed into isolithospermic acid first which was then converted into prolithospermic acid. In alkaline solutions, Sal B was transformed into lithospermic acid first which was then converted into prolithospermic acid. This is the first reports of the NMR spectra of isolithospermic acid and this result may indicate the metabolic pathways of Sal B in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Kan
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Huimin Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ji'an Li
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Daijie Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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12
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Biotransformation of puerarin into puerarin-6″-O-phosphate by Bacillus cereus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:299-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The biotransformation of puerarin catalyzed by Bacillus cereus NT02 was studied. A primary screening was carried out using 307 strains of bacteria isolated from soil which were able to grow in the presence of puerarin. Strain NT02, identified as B. cereus, was able to convert puerarin into puerarin-6″-O-phosphate. Under the optimum conditions, resting cells of B. cereus NT02 converted 27% of added 0.4 g/l puerarin into puerarin-6″-O-phosphate that was characterized by MS, 13C NMR, 31P NMR. The activity of puerarin-6″-O-phosphate was 25 times higher than that of puerarin in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging system. The water solubility of puerarin-6″-O-phosphate was 85.4 times higher than that of puerarin.
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Hydroxylation modification and free radical scavenging activity of puerarin-7-O-fructoside. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 56:305-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-011-0052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Seo J, Kang SI, Kim M, Han J, Hur HG. Flavonoids biotransformation by bacterial non-heme dioxygenases, biphenyl and naphthalene dioxygenase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:219-28. [PMID: 21626021 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review details recent progresses in the flavonoid biotransformation by bacterial non-heme dioxygenases, biphenyl dioxygenase (BDO), and naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO), which can initially activate biphenyl and naphthalene with insertion of dioxygen in stereospecfic and regiospecific manners. Flavone, isoflavone, flavanone, and isoflavanol were biotransformed by BDO from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 and NDO from Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB9816-4, respectively. In general, BDO showed wide range of substrate spectrum and produced the oxidized products, whereas NDO only metabolized flat two-dimensional substrates of flavone and isoflavone. Furthermore, biotransformation of B-ring skewed substrates, flavanone and isoflavanol, by BDO produced the epoxide products, instead of dihydrodiols. These results support the idea that substrate-driven reactivity alteration of the Fe-oxo active species may occur in the active site of non-heme dioxygenases. The study of flavonoid biotransformation by structurally-well defined BDO and NDO will provide the substrate structure and reactivity relationships and eventually establish the production of non-plant-originated flavonoids by means of microbial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Seo
- Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
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Li X, Li D, Park SH, Gao C, Park KH, Gu L. Identification and antioxidative properties of transglycosylated puerarins synthesised by an archaeal maltogenic amylase. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Zhu S, Xu H, Yu C, Ding J, Chen T, Jiang J, Dai Y, Liu G, Huang G, Chai N, Jiang X, Yuan S. Preparation of a super-long two column chromatography system and its application in separating glycosylated puerarin. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:1344-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Seo J, Kang SI, Kim M, Won D, Takahashi H, Ahn JH, Chong Y, Lee E, Lim Y, Kanaly RA, Han J, Hur HG. Time-dependent density functional theory-assisted absolute configuration determination of cis-dihydrodiol metabolite produced from isoflavone by biphenyl dioxygenase. Anal Biochem 2009; 397:29-36. [PMID: 19854147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli cells containing the biphenyl dioxygenase genes bphA1A2A3A4 from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 were found to biotransform isoflavone and produced a metabolite that was not found in a control experiment. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses indicated that biphenyl dioxygenase induced 2',3'-cis-dihydroxylation of the B-ring of isoflavone. In a previous report, the same enzyme showed dioxygenase activity toward flavone, producing flavone 2',3'-cis-dihydrodiol. Due to growing interest in flavone chemistry and the absolute configuration of natural products, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were combined with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to determine the absolute configuration of the isoflavone dihydrodiol. By computational methods, the structure of the isoflavone metabolite was determined to be 3-[(5S,6R)-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dienyl]-4H-chromen-4-one. This structure was confirmed further by the modified Mosher's method. The same protocol was applied to the flavone metabolite, and the absolute configuration was determined to be 2-[(5S,6R)-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dienyl]-4H-chromen-4-one. After determination of the absolute configurations of the biotransformation products, we suggest the binding mode of these substrate analogs to the enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Seo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Xi J, Guo R. Effects of pH and Micelle on the Radical Scavenging Ability of Puerarin. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690802644046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Conversion of puerarin into its 7-O-glycoside derivatives by Microbacterium oxydans (CGMCC 1788) to improve its water solubility and pharmacokinetic properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:647-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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