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Ortega-Requena S, Montiel C, Máximo F, Gómez M, Murcia MD, Bastida J. Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:268. [PMID: 38204120 PMCID: PMC10779758 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Esters are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications in various industries due to their unique properties and pleasant aromas. Conventionally, the manufacture of these compounds has relied on the chemical route. Nevertheless, this technique employs high temperatures and inorganic catalysts, resulting in undesired additional steps to purify the final product by removing solvent residues, which decreases environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. In accordance with the principles of "Green Chemistry" and the search for more environmentally friendly methods, a new alternative, the enzymatic route, has been introduced. This technique uses low temperatures and does not require the use of solvents, resulting in more environmentally friendly final products. Despite the large number of studies published on the biocatalytic synthesis of esters, little attention has been paid to the reactors used for it. Therefore, it is convenient to gather the scattered information regarding the type of reactor employed in these synthesis reactions, considering the industrial field in which the process is carried out. A comparison between the performance of the different reactor configurations will allow us to draw the appropriate conclusions regarding their suitability for each specific industrial application. This review addresses, for the first time, the above aspects, which will undoubtedly help with the correct industrial implementation of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Josefa Bastida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.O.-R.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.D.M.)
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2
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Synthesis of Ibuprofen Monoglyceride in Solventless Medium with Novozym®435: Kinetic Analysis. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the enzymatic esterification of glycerol and ibuprofen in a solventless medium catalyzed by immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym®435). Fixing the concentration of this enzymatic solid preparation at 30 g·L−1, and operating at a constant stirring speed of 720 rpm, the temperature was changed between 50 and 80 °C, while the initial concentration of ibuprofen was studied from 20 to 100 g·L−1. Under these conditions, the resistance of external mass transport can be neglected, as confirmed by the Mears criterion (Me < 0.15). However, the mass transfer limitation inside the pores of the support has been evidenced. The values of the effectiveness factor (η) vary between 0.08 and 0.16 for the particle size range considered according to the Weisz–Prater criteria. Preliminary runs permit us to conclude that the enzyme was deactivated at medium to high temperatures and initial concentration values of ibuprofen. Several phenomenological kinetic models were proposed and fitted to all data available, using physical and statistical criteria to select the most adequate model. The best kinetic model was a reversible sigmoidal model with pseudo-first order with respect to dissolved ibuprofen and order 2 with respect to monoester ibuprofen, assuming the total first-order one-step deactivation of the enzyme, with partial first order for ibuprofen and enzyme activity.
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Fernandez-Lorente G, Rocha-Martín J, Guisan JM. Immobilization of Lipases by Adsorption on Hydrophobic Supports: Modulation of Enzyme Properties in Biotransformations in Anhydrous Media. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2100:143-158. [PMID: 31939121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0215-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of lipases on hydrophobic supports is a very easy immobilization protocol and it yields very interesting immobilized lipase derivatives. The open and active form of lipase molecules becomes stabilized by strong adsorption on the support surface. By using very rigid hydrophobic supports (e.g., methacrylate), lipase derivatives are very useful to catalyze biotransformations in fully anhydrous organic media (solvents, solvent-free systems, etc.) and design of continuous flow reactors. In addition to that, the design of different lipase derivatives allows the modulation of functional properties of the derivatives. In this chapter, methodology of immobilization into hydrophobic carriers is described using as case study the preparation of immobilized biocatalysts of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL), and the following particular features will be discussed: 1. Adsorption on hydrophobic supports yields lipase derivatives that are much more active and stable than other immobilized lipase derivatives. 2. Regioselectivity can be modulated, for example, TLL adsorbed on divinyl benzene hydrophobic supports retains a 1,3 regioselectivity during ethanolysis of oils. On the contrary, the enzyme adsorbed on octadecyl supports loses the regioselectivity and allows the complete ethanolysis of oils (e.g., biodiesel synthesis). 3. TLL adsorbed on octadecyl supports with large pore size (60 nm) is tenfold more active for ethanolysis in solvent-free systems than TLL derivatives adsorbed on supports with small pore size (10 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martín
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Guisan
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Musa H, Kasim FH, Gunny AAN, Gopinath SCB, Ahmad MA. Biosynthesis of butyl esters from crude oil of palm fruit and kernel using halophilic lipase secretion by Marinobacter litoralis SW-45. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:314. [PMID: 31406636 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially, a new moderate halophilic strain was locally isolated from seawater. The partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis positioned the organism in Marinobacter genus and was named 'Marinobacter litoralis SW-45'. This study further demonstrates successful utilization of the halophilic M. litoralis SW-45 lipase (MLL) for butyl ester synthesis from crude palm fruit oil (CPO) and kernel oil (CPKO) in heptane and solvent-free system, respectively, using hydroesterification. Hydrolysis and esterification of enzymatic [Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL)] hydrolysis of CPO and CPKO to free fatty acids (FFA) followed by MLL-catalytic esterification of the concentrated FFAs with butanol (acyl acceptor) to synthesize butyl esters were performed. A one-factor-at-a-time technique (OFAT) was used to study the influence of physicochemical factors on the esterification reaction. Under optimal esterification conditions of 40 and 45 °C, 150 and 230 rpm, 50% (v/v) biocatalyst concentration, 1:1 and 5:1 butanol:FFA, 9% and 15% (w/v) NaCl, 60 and 15 min reaction time for CPO- and CPKO-derived FFA esterification system, maximum ester conversion of 62.2% and 69.1%, respectively, was attained. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis confirmed the products formed as butyl esters. These results showed halophilic lipase has promising potential to be used for biosynthesis of butyl esters in oleochemical industry.
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Abreu Silveira E, Moreno-Perez S, Basso A, Serban S, Pestana-Mamede R, Tardioli PW, Farinas CS, Castejon N, Fernandez-Lorente G, Rocha-Martin J, Guisan JM. Biocatalyst engineering of Thermomyces Lanuginosus lipase adsorbed on hydrophobic supports: Modulation of enzyme properties for ethanolysis of oil in solvent-free systems. J Biotechnol 2019; 289:126-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Bailón-García E, Maldonado-Hódar FJ, Carrasco-Marín F, Pérez-Cadenas AF. Fitting the experimental conditions and characteristics of Pt/C catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of citral. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1446425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bailón-García
- Research Group in Carbon Materials, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Maldonado-Hódar
- Research Group in Carbon Materials, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Carrasco-Marín
- Research Group in Carbon Materials, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín F. Pérez-Cadenas
- Research Group in Carbon Materials, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Development of a catalytically stable and efficient lipase through an increase in hydrophobicity of the oxyanion residue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Mulalee S, Srisuwan P, Phisalaphong M. Influences of operating conditions on biocatalytic activity and reusability of Novozym 435 for esterification of free fatty acids with short-chain alcohols: A case study of palm fatty acid distillate. Chin J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vadgama RN, Odaneth AA, Lali AM. Green synthesis of isopropyl myristate in novel single phase medium Part I: Batch optimization studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:133-137. [PMID: 28352582 PMCID: PMC4980752 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Green synthesis of isopropyl ester in homogenous phase reaction system. Candida antarctica Lipase B (CAL-B) enzyme has efficiently catalyzed the esterification of myristic acid and isopropyl alcohol. CAL-B activity depends on the polarity of an organic solvent. Good operation stability of the enzyme was found in the single phase reaction system. High purity of isopropyl myristate was obtained by the cold centrifugation technique.
Isopropyl myristate finds many applications in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as an emollient, thickening agent, or lubricant. Using a homogeneous reaction phase, non-specific lipase derived from Candida antartica, marketed as Novozym 435, was determined to be most suitable for the enzymatic synthesis of isopropyl myristate. The high molar ratio of alcohol to acid creates novel single phase medium which overcomes mass transfer effects and facilitates downstream processing. The effect of various reaction parameters was optimized to obtain a high yield of isopropyl myristate. Effect of temperature, agitation speed, organic solvent, biocatalyst loading and batch operational stability of the enzyme was systematically studied. The conversion of 87.65% was obtained when the molar ratio of isopropyl alcohol to myristic acid (15:1) was used with 4% (w/w) catalyst loading and agitation speed of 150 rpm at 60 °C. The enzyme has also shown good batch operational stability under optimized conditions.
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Madalozzo AD, Martini VP, Kuniyoshi KK, de Souza EM, Pedrosa FO, Glogauer A, Zanin GM, Mitchell DA, Krieger N. Immobilization of LipC12, a new lipase obtained by metagenomics, and its application in the synthesis of biodiesel esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Guauque Torres M, Foresti M, Ferreira M. CLEAs of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) with a bovine serum albumin (BSA) cofeeder core: Study of their catalytic activity. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Temoçin Z. Covalent immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on aldehyde functionalized hydrophobic support and the application for synthesis of oleic acid ester. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 24:1618-35. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.786970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zülfikar Temoçin
- a Department of Chemistry , Kırıkkale University , Kırıkkale , Turkey
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13
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Abdul Rahman MB, Chaibakhsh N, Basri M. Effect of alcohol structure on the optimum condition for novozym 435-catalyzed synthesis of adipate esters. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:162987. [PMID: 22389769 PMCID: PMC3282151 DOI: 10.4061/2011/162987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B, Novozym 435, was used as the biocatalyst in the esterification of adipic acid with four different isomers of butanol (n-butanol, sec-butanol, iso-butanol, and tert-butanol). Optimum conditions for the synthesis of adipate esters were obtained using response surface methodology approach with a four-factor-five-level central composite design concerning important reaction parameters which include time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and amount of enzyme. Reactions under optimized conditions has yielded a high percentage of esterification (>96%) for n-butanol, iso-butanol, and sec-butanol, indicating that extent of esterification is independent of the alcohol structure for primary and secondary alcohols at the optimum conditions. Minimum reaction time (135 min) for achieving maximum ester yield was obtained for iso-butanol. The required time for attaining maximum yield and also the initial rates in the synthesis of di-n-butyl and di-sec-butyl adipate were nearly the same. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was also capable of esterifying tert-butanol with a maximum yield of 39.1%. The enzyme is highly efficient biocatalyst for the synthesis of adipate esters by offering a simple production process and a high esterification yield.
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14
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Aulakh SS, Chhibber M, Mantri R, Prakash R. Whole cell catalyzed esterification of fatty acids to biodiesel usingAspergillussp. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2011. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2011.638055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Krause P, Fieg G. Experiment based model development for the enzymatic hydrolysis in a packed-bed reactor with biphasic reactant flow. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Prakash R, Aulakh SS. Transesterification of used edible and non-edible oils to alkyl esters by Aspergillus sp. as a whole cell catalyst. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 51:607-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Zubir M, Chin S. Kinetics of Modified Zirconia-catalyzed Heterogeneous Esterification Reaction for Biodiesel Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.2584.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Ribeiro AS, Oliveira MV, Rebocho SF, Ferreira O, Vidinha P, Barreiros S, Macedo EA, Loureiro JM. Enzymatic Production of Decyl Acetate: Kinetic Study in n-Hexane and Comparison with Supercritical CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie902026d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano S. Ribeiro
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuela V. Oliveira
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sílvia F. Rebocho
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Olga Ferreira
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vidinha
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana Barreiros
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eugénia A. Macedo
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José M. Loureiro
- LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal, LSRE/LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal, and REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Alencar J, Gosset G, Robin M, Pique V, Culcasi M, Clément JL, Mercier A, Pietri S. Improving the stability and antioxidant properties of sesame oil: water-soluble spray-dried emulsions from new transesterified phenolic derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7311-7323. [PMID: 19653627 DOI: 10.1021/jf9010627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrosoluble sesame oil fatty acid transesters having enhanced antioxidant activities were synthesized in a two-step process. The key step involved the biocatalyzed (lipase from Candida antarctica) acylation of sesame oil methanolic ester with either vanillyl (VNA) or piperonyl benzylic alcohols, or 5-hydroxymethyl resorcinol (5-HMR). These substrates were selected to introduce phenolic or sesamol structurally related frameworks. The VNA and 5-HMR-derived transesters were obtained with 20-40% yields and retained the starting proportions of sesame oil linoleic, oleic, and saturated acids, these fatty acids also being the only constituents of the nonesterified fraction. The VNA-derived transester showed the best antioxidant capacity in standard assays and was processed as the unique lipid phase of spray-dried emulsions containing a high level of linoleic acid phenolic ester. These emulsions provided a high degree of protection to UV-irradiated fibroblasts, through the potential synergy between VNA antioxidant action and replenishment of damaged membranes by unsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Alencar
- Sondes Moléculaires en Biologie, Laboratoire Chimie Provence, UMR 6264 CNRS-Universités d'Aix-Marseille, av. Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Marseille Cedex 20, France
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20
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Chaibakhsh N, Abdul Rahman MB, Abd-Aziz S, Basri M, Salleh AB, Rahman RNZRA. Optimized lipase-catalyzed synthesis of adipate ester in a solvent-free system. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:1149-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Bódalo A, Bastida J, Máximo M, Montiel M, Murcia M, Ortega S. Influence of the operating conditions on lipase-catalysed synthesis of ricinoleic acid estolides in solvent-free systems. Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Fjerbaek L, Christensen KV, Norddahl B. A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:1298-315. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Biodiesel Synthesis via Esterification of Feedstock with High Content of Free Fatty Acids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 154:74-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karra-Châabouni M, Bouaziz I, Boufi S, Botelho do Rego AM, Gargouri Y. Physical immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae lipase onto cellulose substrate: activity and stability studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 66:168-77. [PMID: 18684596 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) was immobilized by adsorption onto oxidized cellulose fibers and regenerated films. The maximum adsorption level increases with the raise in the amount of carboxylic groups on cellulose surface confirming that adsorption is being governed mainly by electrostatic interaction between the enzyme and the substrate. This hypothesis was further confirmed by zeta-potential measurements showing a decrease in the zeta-potential of the fibers after enzyme adsorption. XPS analysis showed an intensification of the N 1s peak attesting the presence of the enzyme on the surface. The effect of temperature, pH and solvent polarity on the immobilized enzyme activity and stability was investigated. The catalytic esterification of oleic acid with n-butanol has been carried on using hexane as an organic solvent. A high conversion yield was obtained (about 80%) at 37 degrees C with a molar ratio of oleic acid to butanol 1:1 and 150IU immobilized lipase. The adsorption achieved two successive cycles with the same efficiency, and started to lose its activity during the third cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Karra-Châabouni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS route de Soukra, Sfax, Tunisia
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Martínez-Ruiz A, García HS, Saucedo-Castañeda G, Favela-Torres E. Organic Phase Synthesis of Ethyl Oleate Using Lipases Produced by Solid-state Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 151:393-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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