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Fernandes LMG, Carvalho-Silva JD, Ferreira-Santos P, Porto ALF, Converti A, Cunha MNCD, Porto TS. Valorization of agro-industrial residues using Aspergillus heteromorphus URM0269 for protease production: Characterization and purification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133199. [PMID: 38885866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to produce, characterize and purify a protease from Aspergillus heteromorphus URM0269. After production by solid fermentation of wheat bran performed according to a central composite design, protease was characterized in terms of biochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters for further purification by chromatography. Proteolytic activity achieved a maximum value of 57.43 U/mL using 7.8 g of wheat bran with 40 % moisture. Protease displayed high stability in the pH and temperature ranges of 5.0-10.0 and 20-30 °C, respectively, and acted optimally at pH 7.0 and 50 °C. The enzyme, characterized as a serine protease, followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a maximum reaction rate of 140.0 U/mL and Michaelis constant of 11.6 mg/mL. Thermodynamic activation parameters, namely activation Gibbs free energy (69.79 kJ/mol), enthalpy (5.86 kJ/mol), and entropy (-214.39 J/mol.K) of the hydrolysis reaction, corroborated with kinetic modeling showing high affinity for azocasein. However, thermodynamic parameters suggested a reversible mechanism of unfolding. Purification by chromatography yielded a protease purification factor of 7.2, and SDS-PAGE revealed one protein band with a molecular mass of 14.7 kDa. Circular dichroism demonstrated a secondary structure made up of 45.6 % α-helices. These results show the great potential of this protease for future use in the industrial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Maria Gonçalves Fernandes
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Jônatas de Carvalho-Silva
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ferreira-Santos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Vigo, As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA), University of Vigo (Campus Auga), As Lagoas, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, Genoa University, via Opera Pia 15, Genoa 16145, Italy
| | - Márcia Nieves Carneiro da Cunha
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Souza Porto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil.
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da Silva WB, Porto TS, da Silva SP, de Oliveira RL. Optimization strategy for inulinase production by Aspergillus niger URM5741 and its biochemical characterization, kinetic/thermodynamic study, and application on inulin and sucrose hydrolysis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:376. [PMID: 37881510 PMCID: PMC10593723 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inulinases are enzymes of great interest in the food industry, especially due to their application in the synthesis of fructose and fructo-oligosaccharides. Moreover, some inulinases (I) also present invertase activity (S), making them useful for sucrose hydrolysis processes. In the present study, the production of inulinase by Aspergillus niger URM5741 was evaluated and optimized using two statistical approaches. First, the composition of the cultivation medium was determined through a simplex centroid mixture design, followed by the selection of optimal fermentation conditions using the Box-Behnken design. Based on these experimental designs, the maximum activities of inulinase (16.68 U mL-1) and invertase (27.80 U mL-1) were achieved using a mixture of wheat, soy, and oat brans (5 g), along with 2.5% inulin and 40% moisture. The inulinase exhibited optimum temperature and pH of 60 °C and 4.0, respectively, displayed a high affinity for both substrates, as evidenced by very-low Michaelis constant values (1.07-1.54 mM). A relative thermostability was observed at 55-60 °C as indicated by half-lives values (I: 169.06-137.27 min; S: 173.29-141.52 min) and D-values (I: 561.61-456.00 min; S: 575.65-470.11 min) which were further confirmed by the high activation energy (123.01 and 143.29 kJ mol-1). The enzyme demonstrated favorable results in terms of inulin and sucrose hydrolysis, being a maximum release of reducing sugars of 6.04 and 15.80 g L-1, respectively. These results indicate that the sequential statistical approach proved to be beneficial to produce inulinase by A. niger URM5741, with the obtained enzyme considered promising for long-term industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Braz da Silva
- School of Food Engineering, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco/UFAPE, Av. Bom Pastor, Boa Vista, s/n, Garanhuns, PE 55296-901 Brazil
| | - Tatiana Souza Porto
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco/UFRPE, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE 52171-900 Brazil
| | - Suzana Pedroza da Silva
- School of Food Engineering, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco/UFAPE, Av. Bom Pastor, Boa Vista, s/n, Garanhuns, PE 55296-901 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lira de Oliveira
- School of Food Engineering, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco/UFAPE, Av. Bom Pastor, Boa Vista, s/n, Garanhuns, PE 55296-901 Brazil
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faiad naief M, Mishaal Mohammed A, Khalaf YH. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of ALP enzyme in the presence and absence MWCNTs and Pt-NPs nanocomposites. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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Production, Biochemical Characterization, and Kinetic/Thermodynamic Study of Inulinase from Aspergillus terreus URM4658. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196418. [PMID: 36234954 PMCID: PMC9571395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulinases are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of inulin, which can be used in the food industry to produce high-fructose syrups and fructo-oligosaccharides. For this purpose, different Aspergillus strains and substrates were tested for inulinase production by solid-state fermentation, among which Aspergillus terreus URM4658 grown on wheat bran showed the highest activity (15.08 U mL−1). The inulinase produced by this strain exhibited optimum activity at 60 °C and pH 4.0. A detailed kinetic/thermodynamic study was performed on the inulin hydrolysis reaction and enzyme thermal inactivation. Inulinase was shown to have a high affinity for substrate evidenced by very-low Michaelis constant values (0.78–2.02 mM), which together with a low activation energy (19.59 kJ mol−1), indicates good enzyme catalytic potential. Moreover, its long half-life (t1/2 = 519.86 min) and very high D-value (1726.94 min) at 60 °C suggested great thermostability, which was confirmed by the thermodynamic parameters of its thermal denaturation, namely the activation energy of thermal denaturation (E*d = 182.18 kJ mol−1) and Gibbs free energy (106.18 ≤ ΔG*d ≤ 111.56 kJ mol−1). These results indicate that A. terreus URM4658 inulinase is a promising and efficient biocatalyst, which could be fruitfully exploited in long-term industrial applications.
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Sadaqat B, Sha C, Dar MA, Dhanavade MJ, Sonawane KD, Mohamed H, Shao W, Song Y. Modifying Thermostability and Reusability of Hyperthermophilic Mannanase by Immobilization on Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked Chitosan Beads. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070999. [PMID: 35883557 PMCID: PMC9312517 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the purified β-mannanase (Man/Cel5B) from Thermotoga maritima was immobilized on glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan beads. The immobilization of Man/Cel5B on chitosan beads was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. After immobilization, the protein loading efficiency and immobilization yield were found to be 73.3% and 71.8%, respectively. The optimum pH for both free and immobilized enzymes was found to be pH 5.5. However, the optimum temperature of immobilized Man/Cel5B increased by 10 °C, from 85 °C (free Man/Cel5B) to 95 °C (Immobilized). The half-life of free and immobilized enzymes was found to be 7 h and 9 h, respectively, at 85 °C owing to the higher thermostability of immobilized Man/Cel5B. The increase in thermostability was also demonstrated by an increase in the energy of deactivation (209 kJmol−1) for immobilized enzyme compared to its native form (92 kJmol−1), at 85 °C. Furthermore, the immobilized Man/Cel5B displayed good operational stability as it retained 54% of its original activity after 15 repeated catalytic reactions concerning its free form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Sadaqat
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (B.S.); (H.M.)
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (C.S.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Chong Sha
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (C.S.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Dar
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (C.S.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Maruti J. Dhanavade
- Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Dr Patangrao Kadam Mahavidyalaya College, Sangli 416416, India;
| | - Kailas D. Sonawane
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India;
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (B.S.); (H.M.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Weilan Shao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (C.S.); (M.A.D.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China; (B.S.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (Y.S.)
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Al-Mustafa A, Al-Tawarah M, Al-Sheraideh MS, Al-Zahrany FA. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and in vitro β-galactosidase inhibition activities of Juniperus phoenicea and Calicotome villosa methanolic extracts. BMC Chem 2021; 15:55. [PMID: 34607602 PMCID: PMC8491401 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juniperus Phoenicea (JP) and Calicotome Villosa (CV) are used by Jordanian populations as herbal remedies in traditional medicine. Herein, the phytochemical contents of their methanolic extracts were analyzed and their antioxidant as well as in vitro anti- β-Galactosidase activities were evaluated; their effect on β-Galactosidase enzyme kinetics was evaluated and the thermodynamic of the enzyme was determined. Methods The antioxidant activity of JP and CV crude methanolic extracts was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays; however, the effect of the plants’ crude extracts on β-Galactosidase activity and kinetics was evaluated in vitro. Moreover, total phenolic, flavonoids, and flavonols content in plants’ extracts were determined and expressed in Gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/g dry extract) or rutin equivalent (mg RE/g dry extract). Results Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts of JP and CV leaves revealed the presence of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and glycosides. Flavonoids and flavonols contents were significantly higher in JP than in CV (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an analogous phenolic content was detected in both JP and CV methanolic extracts (103.6 vs 99.1 mg GAE/g extract). The ability of JP extract to scavenge DPPH radicals was significantly higher than that of CV extract with IC50 = 11.1 μg/ml and 15.6 μg/ml, respectively. However, their extracts revealed relatively similar antioxidant capacities in FRAP assay; their activity was concentration dependent. The JP extract inhibited β—galactosidase enzyme activity with a significant IC50 value compared to CV extract; they exhibited their inhibitory activities at IC50 values 65 µg/ml and 700 µg/ml, respectively. Rutin revealed anti-β-galactosidase activity at IC50 = 75 µg/ml. The mode of inhibition of β-galactosidase by JP, CV, and rutin was non-competitive, mixed, and competitive inhibition, respectively. Thermodynamic and enzyme inactivation kinetics revealed that β-galactosidase has a half-life time of 108 min at 55 °C, activation energy of 208.88 kJ mol−1 and the inactivation kinetics follows a first-order reaction with k-values 0.0023–0.0862 min−1 and positive entropy of inactivation (∆S°) values at various temperatures, indicating non-significant processes of aggregation. Conclusions The methanolic extracts of JP and CV possess anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant activities with potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Mustafa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah, P.O. Box 7, Karak, 61710, Jordan.
| | - Mohammad Al-Tawarah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mutah, P.O. Box 7, Karak, 61710, Jordan
| | | | - Fatema Attia Al-Zahrany
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Ibrahim E, Mahmoud A, Jones KD, Taylor KE, Hosseney EN, Mills PL, Escudero JM. Kinetics and thermodynamics of thermal inactivation for recombinant Escherichia coli cellulases, cel12B, cel8C, and polygalacturonase, peh28; biocatalysts for biofuel precursor production. J Biochem 2021; 169:109-117. [PMID: 32810224 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass conversion using cellulases/polygalacturonases is a process that can be progressively influenced by several determinants involved in cellulose microfibril degradation. This article focuses on the kinetics and thermodynamics of thermal inactivation of recombinant Escherichia coli cellulases, cel12B, cel8C and a polygalacturonase, peh 28, derived from Pectobacterium carotovorum sub sp. carotovorum. Several consensus motifs conferring the enzymes' thermal stability in both cel12B and peh28 model structures have been detailed earlier, which were confirmed for the three enzymes through the current study of their thermal inactivation profiles over the 20-80°C range using the respective activities on carboxymethylcellulose and polygalacturonic acid. Kinetic constants and half-lives of thermal inactivation, inactivation energy, plus inactivation entropies, enthalpies and Gibbs free energies, revealed high stability, less conformational change and protein unfolding for cel12B and peh28 due to thermal denaturation compared to cel8C. The apparent thermal stability of peh28 and cel12B, along with their hydrolytic efficiency on a lignocellulosic biomass conversion as reported previously, makes these enzymes candidates for various industrial applications. Analysis of the Gibbs free energy values suggests that the thermal stabilities of cel12B and peh28 are entropy-controlled over the tested temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Kim D Jones
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Keith E Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ebtesam N Hosseney
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Patrick L Mills
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Jean M Escudero
- Department of Basic Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110-1088, USA
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Xylooligosaccharides production by crude and partially purified xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans: Biochemical and thermodynamic properties of the enzymes and their application in xylan hydrolysis. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ahmadi S, Salehi M, Ausi S. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of aspartic protease extracted from Withania coagulans. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Retracted: Production, biochemical characterization, and kinetic/thermodynamic study of novel serine protease from Aspergillus avenaceus URM 6706. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3091. [PMID: 33064362 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
"Production, biochemical characterization, and kinetic/thermodynamic study of novel serine protease from Aspergillus avenaceus URM 6706" (by da Silva A, et al.) Bio. Tech. Prog.; https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/btpr.3091 The above listed article, from Biotechnology Progress, published online in Early View on October 16, 2020 in Wiley Online Library (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor-in-Chief, John A. Morgan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed because the article was not accepted for publication by the Journal and subsequently published in error as an Early View article. The editorial team of this journal takes full responsibility and apologizes for the technical error that resulted in this article appearing in Early View.
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Zhong L, Li J, Tian D, Cai J, Wang H, Ma Q. Immobilization of polyphenol oxidase on chitosan/organic rectorite composites for phenolic compounds removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:906-921. [PMID: 33617497 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan/organic rectorite (CTS/OREC) composites were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was immobilized on CTS/OREC by physical adsorption (APPO) and covalent binding (CPPO). Taguchi method was applied in the optimization of immobilization conditions resulting in the highest enzyme activity of 16.37 × 103 and 8.92 × 103U/g for APPO and CPPO, respectively. APPO enzyme activity was higher than that of CPPO, while CPPO showed the higher enzyme loading capacity than that of APPO. The removal percentage of phenolic compound, including phenol (PH), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), by immobilized PPO was also explored. The results indicated that APPO was more efficient in phenolic compounds removal than CPPO. APPO contributed to a quick removal in the first hour, and the removal percentage of PH, 4-CP and 2,4-DCP could reach 69.3 ± 4.2%, 89.8 ± 2.5% and 93.8 ± 1.7% within 2 h, respectively. The order of removal percentage of phenolic compounds for both immobilized PPO was 2,4-DCP > 4-CP > PH. After 10 consecutive operations, the removal percentage of 2,4-DCP reached 73.2 ± 2.6% and 60.3 ± 1.5% for APPO and CPPO, respectively. The results introduced a novel support for PPO immobilization, and the immobilized PPO had great potential in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China E-mail: ; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dawei Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qimin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China E-mail: ; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Fernandes LMG, Carneiro-da-Cunha MN, Silva JDC, Porto ALF, Porto TS. Purification and characterization of a novel Aspergillus heteromorphus URM 0269 protease extracted by aqueous two-phase systems PEG/citrate. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abdel-Naby MA, El-Wafa WMA, Salem GEM. Molecular characterization, catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of protease produced by a mutant of Bacillus cereus-S6-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:695-702. [PMID: 32485254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic strain Bacillus cereus-S6-3 was subjected to mutagenic treatments viz. UV irradiations and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS). The obtained mutant strain, B. cereus-S6-3/UM90 showed 1.34 fold over the parent strain. Molecular characterization of proteases from the parent (PP/S6-3) and mutant (PM/UM90) strains indicated that they were consisted of two domains and binds a zinc ion and 4 calcium ions in the active site. Amino acid sequence alignment of PM/UM90 protease showed 19 amino acid residues were substituted compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. However, both proteases contained equal number of aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids. Protease from PM/UM90 showed an effective improvement in thermal properties in terms of reaction temperature, t1/2, the values of kd, activation energy (Ea), and decimal reduction time (D) within the temperature range from 60 to 80 °C. In addition, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for substrate hydrolysis (i.e., Km, Vmax, ΔH*, ΔG*, ΔS*, kcat, Vmax/Km, kcat/Km, ΔG*E-T and ΔG*E-S) showed a significant improvement of the catalytic efficiency for PM/UM90 protease. Furthermore, the correlation between thermodynamic properties and the patterns of amino acid substitution of wild-type enzyme to has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Naby
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
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Carvalho T, Pereira ADS, Bonomo RC, Franco M, Finotelli PV, Amaral PF. Simple physical adsorption technique to immobilize Yarrowia lipolytica lipase purified by different methods on magnetic nanoparticles: Adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:889-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang H, Li S, Li J, Zhong L, Cheng H, Ma Q. Immobilized polyphenol oxidase: Preparation, optimization and oxidation of phenolic compounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:233-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Emon TH, Hakim A, Chakraborthy D, Bhuyan FR, Iqbal A, Hasan M, Aunkor TH, Azad AK. Kinetics, detergent compatibility and feather-degrading capability of alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 produced with fermentation of organic municipal solid wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:1339-1348. [PMID: 32664813 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1794207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline proteases having activity and stability at alkaline pH possess a large variety of applications in many industries. Growing renewed interest urges the need to find a single alkaline protease with promising properties to be used in different industrial processes. Herein, alkaline proteases produced through fermentation of cheap and easily available organic municipal solid wastes by Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 were purified to investigate their kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, detergent compatibility, dehairing and feather-degrading capability. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified protease from B. subtilis and E. indicum had molecular mass of ∼45 and 75 kDa, respectively. The protease from B. subtilis and E. indicum showed highest activity at 55 and 50 °C having low K m 1.17 and 0.567 mg/mL and high V max 416.67 and 333.33 µmole/min, respectively. The activation energy and temperature quotient of protease from B. subtilis and E. indicum were 26.52 and 65.75 kJ/mole, and 1.0004 and 1.0003 at 20-55 and 20-50 °C, respectively. Thermodynamics analysis revealed the formation of more ordered enzyme-substrate complexes along with spontenity of enzyme reaction. The protease from E. indicum exhibited better compatibility at higher concentration of detergents compared to that from B. subtilis. However, both proteases could retain more than 80% of the activity in the presence of 0.1% commercial laundry detergents. The purified protease from the both sources could degrade almost 90% of barbs and 40% of dry weight of the native feather and that from E. indicum could dehair cow skin. Results reported herein suggest that the alkaline protease from B. subtilis AKAL7 and E. indicum AKAL11 has biotechnological implications in detergent, leather and poultry feather processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Diptha Chakraborthy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Rumzum Bhuyan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Toasin Hossain Aunkor
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Nwagu TN, Aoyagi H, Okolo B, Moneke A, Yoshida S. Citraconylation and maleylation on the catalytic and thermodynamic properties of raw starch saccharifying amylase from Aspergillus carbonarius. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04351. [PMID: 32671262 PMCID: PMC7339066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylase capable of raw starch digestion presents a cheap and easier means of reducing sugar generation from various starch sources. Unfortunately, its potential for use in numerous industrial processes is hindered by poor stability. In this work, chemical modification by acylation using citraconic anhydride (CA) and maleic anhydride (MA) was used to stabilize the raw starch saccharifying amylase from A. carbonarius. The effect of the anhydrides on the pH and thermal stability of the free amylase was investigated. Enzyme kinetics and thermodynamic studies of the free and modified amylase were also carried out. Blue shifts in fluorescent spectra were observed after modification with both anhydrides. Citraconylation led to increased affinity of the enzyme for raw potato starch, unlike maleylation. The activation energy (kJ mol−1) for enzyme inactivation was increased by 94.8% after modification with CA while only 17.9% increase was noted after modification with MA. Acylation led to an increase in Gibb's free energy and enthalpy while a reduction in entropy was observed. At 80 °C the half-life (h) was 5.92, 11.18 and 14.74 for free, MA and CA enzyme samples, respectively. These findings have potential value in all industries interested in starch conversion to sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Nwamaka Nwagu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Hideki Aoyagi
- Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bartholomew Okolo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Anene Moneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Shigeki Yoshida
- Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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Apostolidi ME, Kalantzi S, Hatzinikolaou DG, Kekos D, Mamma D. Catalytic and thermodynamic properties of an acidic α-amylase produced by the fungus Paecilomyces variotii ATHUM 8891. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:311. [PMID: 32582508 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An extracellular acid stable α-amylase from Paecilomyces variotii ATHUM 8891 (PV8891 α-amylase) was purified to homogeneity applying ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography and exhibited a reduced molecular weight of 75 kDa. The purified enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 60 °C and stable in acidic pH (3.0-6.0). K m, v max and k cat for starch hydrolysis were found 1.1 g L-1, 58.5 μmole min-1 (mg protein)-1, and 73.1 s-1, respectively. Amylase activity was marginally enhanced by Ca2+ and Fe2+ ions while Cu2+ ions strongly inhibited it. Thermodynamic parameters determined for starch hydrolysis (Ε α, ΔH*, ΔG*, ΔS*, Δ G E - S ∗ and Δ G E - T ∗ ) suggests an effective capacity of PV8891 α-amylase towards starch hydrolysis. Thermal stability of PV8891 α-amylase was assessed at different temperatures (30-80 οC). Thermodynamic parameters ( E a d , ΔH*, ΔG*, ΔS*) as well as the integral activity of a continuous system for starch hydrolysis by the PV8891 α-amylase revealed satisfactory thermostability up to 60 °C. The acidic nature and its satisfactory performance at temperatures lower than the industrially used amylases may represent potential applications of PV8891 α-amylase in starch processing industry.
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Oliveira RLD, Silva MFD, Silva SPD, Cavalcanti JVFL, Converti A, Porto TS. Immobilization of a commercial Aspergillus aculeatus enzyme preparation with fructosyltransferase activity in chitosan beads: A kinetic/thermodynamic study and fructo-oligosaccharides continuous production in enzymatic reactor. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Hameed U, Ul-Haq I. Kinetics and thermodynamics of catalysis and thermal inactivation of a novel α-amylase (Tp-AmyS) from Thermotoga petrophila. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1736573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Hameed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul-Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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Li J, Zheng J, Liang Y, Yan R, Xu X, Lin J. Expression and characterization of a chitinase from Serratia marcescens. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 171:105613. [PMID: 32097727 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A chitinase gene from Serratia marcescens was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and the properties of recombinant chitinase rCHI-2 were characterized. The optimum catalytic pH of rCHI-2 was 6.0. It was stable in the pH range of 6.0-9.0 and could maintain more than 90% of its relative enzyme activity after incubation at 37 °C for 1 h. The optimum catalytic temperature of the enzyme was 55 °C and 85% of enzyme activity was remained after incubation at 45 °C for 1 h. The activation energy of the thermal inactivation of the enzyme was 10.9 kJ/mol and the Michaelis-Menten constant was 3.2 g/L. The purified rCHI-2 was found to be highly stable at 45 °C with half-life (t1/2) of 289 min and thermodynamic parameters ΔH*, ΔG* and ΔS* revealed high affinity of rCHI-2 for chitin. Hg2+ was found to be able to inhibit the enzyme activity reversibly, while IC50 and inhibition constant of Hg2+ on the enzyme were 34.8 μmol/L and 44.6 μmol/L, respectively. Moreover, rCHI-2 could specifically hydrolyze colloidal chitin into GlcNAc2 as the major product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jiamin Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Renxiang Yan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Xinqi Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
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Kikani BA, Kourien S, Rathod U. Stability and Thermodynamic Attributes of Starch Hydrolyzing α‐Amylase of
Anoxybacillus rupiensis
TS‐4. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh A. Kikani
- Department of Biological SciencesP.D. Patel Institute of Applied SciencesCharotar University of Science and Technology Changa 388 421 Gujarat India
- Department of MicrobiologyM. & N. Virani Science College Rajkot 360 005 Gujarat India
| | - Susen Kourien
- Department of Biological SciencesP.D. Patel Institute of Applied SciencesCharotar University of Science and Technology Changa 388 421 Gujarat India
| | - Upasna Rathod
- Department of MicrobiologyM. & N. Virani Science College Rajkot 360 005 Gujarat India
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23
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Aguilar JGDS, Castro RJSD, Sato HH. ALKALINE PROTEASE PRODUCTION BY Bacillus licheniformis LBA 46 IN A BENCH REACTOR: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND AGITATION. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190362s20180014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Wehaidy HR, Abdel-Naby MA, El-Hennawi HM, Youssef HF. Nanoporous Zeolite-X as a new carrier for laccase immobilization and its application in dyes decolorization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Pectin hydrolysis in cashew apple juice by Aspergillus aculeatus URM4953 polygalacturonase covalently-immobilized on calcium alginate beads: A kinetic and thermodynamic study. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:820-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Comparative study in kinetics and thermodynamic characteristics of immobilized caseinase on novel support from basalt by physical adsorption and covalent binding. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Lincoln L, More VS, More SS. Purification and biochemical characterization of extracellular glucoamylase from Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:375-384. [PMID: 30681161 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, glucoamylase produced from a soil bacterium Paenibacillus amylolyticus NEO03 was cultured under submerged fermentation conditions. The extracellular enzyme was purified by starch adsorption chromatography and further by gel filtration, with 2.73-fold and recovery of 40.02%. The protein exhibited molecular mass of ∼66,000 Da as estimated by SDS-PAGE and depicted to be a monomer. The enzyme demonstrated optimum activity at pH range 6.0-7.0 and temperature range 30-40 °C. Glucoamylase was mostly activated by Mn2+ metal ions and depicted no dependency on Ca2+ ions. The enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed all the starch substrates. High substrate specificity was demonstrated towards soluble starch and kinetic values Km and Vmax were 2.84 mg/ml and 239.2 U/ml, respectively. The products of hydrolysis of soluble starch were detected by thin layer chromatography which showed only D -glucose, indicating a true glucoamylase. The secreted glucoamylase from P. amylolyticus strain possesses properties suitable for saccharification processes such as biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Lincoln
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena S More
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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28
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Kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of a novel Aspergillus aculeatus URM4953 polygalacturonase. Comparison of free and calcium alginate-immobilized enzyme. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Mostafa FA, Abdel Wahab WA, Salah HA, Nawwar GA, Esawy MA. Kinetic and thermodynamic characteristic of Aspergillus awamori EM66 levansucrase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Iqbal A, Hakim A, Hossain MS, Rahman MR, Islam K, Azim MF, Ahmed J, Assaduzzaman M, Hoq MM, Azad AK. Partial purification and characterization of serine protease produced through fermentation of organic municipal solid wastes by Serratia marcescens A3 and Pseudomonas putida A2. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:29-37. [PMID: 30647701 PMCID: PMC6296650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic bacteria isolated from municipal solid wastes (MSW) were identified as Serratia marcescens A3 and Pseudomonas putida A2 based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Protease produced through fermentation of organic MSW by these bacteria under some optimized physicochemical parameters was partially purified and characterized. The estimated molecular mass of the partially purified protease from S. marcescens and P. putida was approximately 25 and 38 kDa, respectively. Protease from both sources showed low Km 0.3 and 0.5 mg ml-1 and high Vmax 333 and 500 µmole min-1 at 40 °C, and thermodynamics analysis suggested formation of ordered enzyme-substrate (E-S) complexes. The activation energy (Ea) and temperature quotient (Q10) of protease from S. marcescens and P. putida were 16.2 and 19.9 kJ/mol, and 1.4 and 1.3 at temperature range from 20 to 40 °C, respectively. Protease of the both bacterial isolates was serine and cysteine type. The protease retained approximately 97% of activity in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. It was observed that the purified protease of S. marcescens could remove blood stains from white cotton cloth and degrade chicken flesh remarkably. Our study revealed that organic MSW can be used as raw materials for bacterial protease production and the protease produced by S. marcescens A3 might be potential for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saddam Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rejaur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Faisal Azim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Assaduzzaman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mozammel Hoq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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31
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Wehaidy HR, Abdel-Naby MA, Shousha WG, Elmallah MIY, Shawky MM. Improving the catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of Bacillus subtilis KU710517 milk clotting enzyme via conjugation with polyethylene glycol. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:296-301. [PMID: 29309864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Milk clotting enzyme (MCE) produced by Bacillus subtilis KU710517 was conjugated to several activated polysaccharides. Among all the conjugates, the enzyme conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) exhibited the highest retained activity (551U/mg protein) with a recovered activity of 95.3%. The activation energy of PEG-conjugated enzyme was calculated as 24.56kJ·mol-1which was lower than that of the native one (29.27kJ·mol-1) however, the temperature quotient (Q10) was about 1.08 for the two forms of the enzyme. The calculated half-life times of PEG-conjugated enzyme at 55 and 60°C were 317.78 and 128.6min respectively, whereas at the same temperatures the native enzyme had lower half-life times (53 and 19.6min respectively). The data of thermodynamic analysis for substrate catalysis including the specificity constant (Vmax/Km), turnover number (kcat), catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km), enthalpy of activation (ΔH*), free energy of activation (ΔG*), free energy for transition state formation ΔG*E-T and free energy of substrate binding ΔG*E-S were determined for both native and PEG-conjugated enzyme. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters for irreversible inactivation (ΔH, ΔG, ΔS) were evaluated. The calculated results indicated that the catalytic properties after the PEG-conjugation were significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Refaat Wehaidy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Abdel-Naby
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Adetunji CO, Adejumo IO, Oloke JK, Akpor OB. Production of Phytotoxic Metabolites with Bioherbicidal Activities from Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Produced on Different Agricultural Wastes Using Solid-State Fermentation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSACTION A-SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-017-0369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Nwagu TN, Okolo B, Aoyagi H, Yoshida S. Chemical modification with phthalic anhydride and chitosan: Viable options for the stabilization of raw starch digesting amylase from Aspergillus carbonarius. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:641-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Purification, catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of a novel ficin from Ficus johannis. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Amin F, Bhatti HN, Bilal M, Asgher M. Purification, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Characteristics of an Exo-polygalacturonase from Penicillium notatum with Industrial Perspective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:426-443. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) is a form of high-performance chromatography that takes advantage of the high resolution made possible by small-diameter stationary phases. It was originally developed for proteins and features high loading capacity, biocompatible aqueous buffer systems, fast flow rates, and availability of stationary phases in most common chromatography modes (e.g., ion exchange, gel filtration, reversed phase, and affinity). The system makes reproducible separation possible by incorporating a high level of automation including autosamplers, gradient program control, and peak collection. In addition to proteins, the method is applicable to other kinds of biological samples including oligonucleotides and plasmids. The most common type of FPLC experiment is anion exchange of proteins. This chapter describes such an experiment carried out using an ÄKTA FPLC explorer system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Sweden).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Madadlou
- Tehran University, Food Science and Engineering, Karadj, Iran
| | - Siobhan O'Sullivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Mardyke, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Sheehan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Mardyke, Cork, Ireland.
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37
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Ayodeji AO, Bamidele OS, Kolawole AO, Ajele JO. Physicochemical and kinetic properties of a high salt tolerant Aspergillus flavus glucoamylase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of stabilized Bacillus stearothermophilus alkaline protease. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:265-271. [PMID: 27899299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus stearothermophilus alkaline protease was conjugated to several oxidized polysaccharides of different chemical structure. The conjugates were evaluated for the kinetic and thermodynamic stability. The conjugated enzyme with oxidized pectin had the highest retained activity (79.5%) and the highest half-life (T1/2) at 50°C and pH 9.0. Compared to the native protease, the conjugated preparation exhibited lower activation energy (Ea), lower deactivation constant rate (kd), higher T1/2, and higher D values (decimal reduction time) within the temperature range of 50-60°C. The thermodynamic parameters for irreversible inactivation of native and conjugated protease indicated that conjugation significantly decreased entropy (ΔS*) and enthalpy (ΔH*) of deactivation. The calculated value of activation energy for thermal denaturation (Ead) for the conjugated enzyme was 20.4KJmole-1 higher over the native one. The results of thermodynamic analysis for substrate hydrolysis indicated that the enthalpy of activation (ΔH*) and free energy of activation (free energy of substrate binding) ΔG*E-S and (ΔG*), (free energy of transition state) ΔG*E-T values were lower for the modified protease. Similarly, there was significant improvement of kcat, kcat/Km values. The enzyme proved to be metalloprotease and significantly stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ whereas Hg2+, Fe3+ Cu2+ and Zn2+ inhibited the enzyme activity. There was no pronounced effect on substrate specificity after conjugation.
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Yegin S. Single-step purification and characterization of an extreme halophilic, ethanol tolerant and acidophilic xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL Y-2311-1 with application potential in the food industry. Food Chem 2016; 221:67-75. [PMID: 27979257 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular xylanase from Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL Y-2311-1 produced on wheat bran was purified by a single-step chromatographic procedure. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 21.6kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for xylanase activity were 4.0 and 30-50°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 3.0-8.0. The inactivation energy of the enzyme was calculated as 218kJmol-1. The xylanase was ethanol tolerant and kept complete activity in the presence of 10% ethanol. Likewise, it retained almost complete activity at a concentration range of 0-20% NaCl. In general, the enzyme was resistant to several metal ions and reagents. Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, K1+, EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol resulted in enhanced xylanase activity. The Km and Vmax values on beechwood xylan were determined to be 19.43mgml-1 and 848.4Uml-1, respectively. The enzyme exhibits excellent characteristics and could, therefore, be a promising candidate for application in food and bio-industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirma Yegin
- Department of Food Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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40
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Enzyme stability, thermodynamics and secondary structures of α-amylase as probed by the CD spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:450-60. [PMID: 26297306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An amylase of a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus sp. TSSC-3 (GenBank Number, EU710557) isolated from the Tulsi Shyam hot spring reservoir (Gujarat, India) was purified to the homogeneity in a single step on phenyl sepharose 6FF. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 25kD, while the temperature and pH optima for the enzyme catalysis were 80°C and 7, respectively. The purified enzyme was highly thermostable with broad pH stability and displayed remarkable resistance against surfactants, chelators, urea, guanidine HCl and various solvents as well. The stability and changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme under various extreme conditions were determined by the circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The stability trends and the changes in the α-helices and β-sheets were analyzed by Mean Residual Ellipticity (MRE) and K2D3. The CD data confirmed the structural stability of the enzyme under various harsh conditions, yet it indicated reduced α-helix content and increased β-sheets upon denaturation. The thermodynamic parameters; deactivation rate constant, half-life, changes in entropy, enthalpy, activation energy and Gibb's free energy indicated that the enzyme-substrate reactions were highly stable. The overall profile of the enzyme: high thermostability, alkalitolerance, calcium independent nature, dextrose equivalent values and resistance against chemical denaturants, solvents and surfactants suggest its commercial applications.
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Ramesh V, Murty VR. Partitioning of thermostable glucoamylase in polyethyleneglycol/salt aqueous two-phase system. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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42
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Rachadech W, Nimpiboon P, Naumthong W, Nakapong S, Krusong K, Pongsawasdi P. Identification of essential tryptophan in amylomaltase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 76:230-5. [PMID: 25748841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to identify essential tryptophan residue(s) of amylomaltase from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgAM) through chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis techniques. The recombinant enzyme expressed by Escherichia coli was purified and treated with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), a modifying agent for tryptophan. A significant decrease in enzyme activity was observed indicating that tryptophan is important for catalysis. Inactivation kinetics with NBS resulted in pseudo first-order rate constant (kinact) of 2.31 min(-1). Substrate protection experiment confirmed the active site localization of the NBS-modified tryptophan residue(s) in CgAM. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed on W330, W425 and W673 to localize essential tryptophan residues. Substitution by alanine resulted in the loss of intra- and intermolecular transglucosylation activities for all mutated CgAMs. Analysis of circular dichroism spectra showed no change in the secondary structure of W425A but a significant change for W330A and W673A from that of the WT. From these results in combination with X-ray structural data and interpretation from the binding interactions in the active site region, W425 was confirmed to be essential for catalytic activity of CgAM. The hydrophobicity of this tryptophan was thought to be critical for substrate binding and supporting catalytic action of the three carboxylate residues at the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanitcha Rachadech
- Starch and Cyclodextrin Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pitchanan Nimpiboon
- Starch and Cyclodextrin Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wachiraporn Naumthong
- Starch and Cyclodextrin Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Santhana Nakapong
- Starch and Cyclodextrin Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Starch and Cyclodextrin Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Starch and Cyclodextrin Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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43
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Zong WR, Cheong KL, Wu DT, Li J, Zhao J, Li SP. Preparation and purification of raffinose family oligosaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. by fast protein liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index detection. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Joshi M, Nerurkar M, Adivarekar R. Characterization, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies of Marine Pectinase FromBacillus subtilis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 45:205-20. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.907181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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George R, Sugunan S. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of immobilized glucoamylase on different mesoporous silica for starch hydrolysis: A comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Melikoglu M, Lin CSK, Webb C. Kinetic studies on the multi-enzyme solution produced via solid state fermentation of waste bread by Aspergillus awamori. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Sharma A, Satyanarayana T. Characteristics of a High Maltose-Forming, Acid-Stable, and Ca2+-Independent α-amylase of the Acidophilic Bacillus acidicola. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:2053-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Li J, Cheong K, Zhao J, Hu D, Chen X, Qiao C, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Li S. Preparation of inulin-type fructooligosaccharides using fast protein liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Das A, Jana A, Paul T, Halder SK, Ghosh K, Maity C, Mohapatra PKD, Pati BR, Mondal KC. Thermodynamics and kinetic properties of halostable endoglucanase from Aspergillus fumigatus ABK9. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54 Suppl 1:S142-51. [PMID: 23832828 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An endoglucanase from Aspergillus fumigatus ABK9 was purified from the culture extract of solid-state fermentation and its some characteristics were evaluated. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme (56.3 kDa) was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, zymogram analysis and confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The enzyme was active optimally at 50 °C, pH 5.0 and stable over a broad range of pH (4.0-7.0) and NaCl concentration of 0-3.0 M. The pKa1 and pKa2 of the ionizable groups of the active sites were 2.94 and 6.53, respectively. The apparent Km , Vmax , and Kcat values for carboxymethyl cellulose were 6.7 mg ml(-1), 775.4 µmol min(-1) , and 42.84 × 10(4) s(-1), respectively. Thermostability of the enzyme was evidenced by the high activation energy (91.45 kJ mol(-1)), large enthalpy for activation of denaturation (88.77 kJ mol(-1)), longer half-life (T1/2) (433 min at 50 °C), higher melting temperature (Tm ) (73.5 °C), and Q10 (1.3) values. All the characteristics favors its suitability as halotolerant and thermostable enzyme during bioprocessing of lignocellulosic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Das
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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50
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Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characterization of Glucoamylase from Colletotrichum sp. KCP1. Indian J Microbiol 2013; 54:87-93. [PMID: 24426172 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular glucoamylase of Colletotrichum sp. KCP1 produced through solid state fermentation was purified by two steps purification process comprising ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The Recovery of glucoamylase after GPC was 50.40 % with 19.3-fold increase in specific activity. The molecular weight of enzyme was found to be 162.18 kDa by native-PAGE and was dimeric protein of two sub-units with molecular weight of 94.62 and 67.60 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. Activation energy for starch hydrolysis was 26.45 kJ mol(-1) while temperature quotient (Q 10 ) was found to be 1.9. The enzyme was found to be stable over wide pH range and thermally stable at 40-50 °C up to 120 min while exhibited maximum activity at 50 °C with pH 5.0. The pKa1 and pKa2 of ionisable groups of active site controlling V max were 3.5 and 6.8, respectively. V max , K m and K cat for starch hydrolysis were found to be 58.82 U ml(-1), 1.17 mg (starch) ml(-1) and 449 s(-1), respectively. Activation energy for irreversible inactivation (E a(d)) of glucoamylase was 74.85 kJ mol(-1). Thermodynamic parameters of irreversible inactivation of glucoamylase and starch hydrolysis were also determined.
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